□ 연차 목표 ○ 심지층에서의 CO2 거동특성 평가기술 개발 ○ 실시간 탄소동위원소 분석 기반구축 ○ CO2 유동 및 잔류기작 연구 ○ CO2 잠재 저장 부지를 포함한 지역의 지질조건 분석 ○ CO2 거동에 특성을 반영한 지하 물성 예측 및 탄성파 특성 변화 예측기술 기반 구축
□ 개발내용 및 결과 ○ 매질특성(균질매질/균열포함 매질)에 따른 심부 환경에서의 CO2 거동특성 평가 및 CO
□ 연차 목표 ○ 심지층에서의 CO2 거동특성 평가기술 개발 ○ 실시간 탄소동위원소 분석 기반구축 ○ CO2 유동 및 잔류기작 연구 ○ CO2 잠재 저장 부지를 포함한 지역의 지질조건 분석 ○ CO2 거동에 특성을 반영한 지하 물성 예측 및 탄성파 특성 변화 예측기술 기반 구축
□ 개발내용 및 결과 ○ 매질특성(균질매질/균열포함 매질)에 따른 심부 환경에서의 CO2 거동특성 평가 및 CO2 포화도 정량평가 ○ 탄소동위원소 분석기 작업매뉴얼 작성, 고함량 CO2 탄산수 탄소동위원소 예비 분석 및 탄산수 자동관측 및 성인해석 ○ 동위원소 분석기를 이용한 실시간 비포화대 가스 및 지표대기 모니터링시스템 개발 ○ 저장층/덮개층에서의 CO2 유동/잔류에 따른 전기비저항 변화 연구 ○ 단층암의 수리적, 역학적 물성평가(포항지역) 및 한반도 남동부의 단층/응력장 연구 ○ 단층 활성여부 및 투수성 해석 프로그램 개발 ○ 탄성파 속도/진폭 변화 반영 모델링 프로그램 개발 ○ CO2주입에 따른 저류층 물성 변화 시뮬레이션
□ 기대효과 ○ CO2 모니터링 기술 자립도 향상을 통한 국내 산업 기반 및 경쟁력 확보 ○ CO2 모니터링 핵심기술개발을 통해 CO2 배출권 확보를 위한 산업 경제적 독립성 확보 ○ 저장 안정성 평가 기반기술 개발을 통한 CO2 지중저장의 대중적 인정(public acceptance) 확인
□ 적용분야 ○ 파일럿 규모 CO2저장 실증 ○ CO2포집 연계 상용화 규모 통합 CCS 플랜트
(출처 : 연차보고서 요약서 3p)
Abstract▼
The migration behavior of supercritical CO2(scCO2) was investigated by coreflooding experiments in a scCO2/brine system for both a homogeneous sandstone core and an artificially fractured core. Fluid distribution observed with an X-ray scanner showed a piston-like br
The migration behavior of supercritical CO2(scCO2) was investigated by coreflooding experiments in a scCO2/brine system for both a homogeneous sandstone core and an artificially fractured core. Fluid distribution observed with an X-ray scanner showed a piston-like brine displacement with minor gravity over-run effects in the homogeneous core. In the fractured core, scCO2 injection rates lower than 3ml/min resulted in a displacement of brine predominantly within the fracture, and restricted the brine displacement in the matrix as the built-up pore pressure was less than the entry pressure of the matrix. Injection rates greater than 3ml/min initiated the brine displacement in both the fracture and matrix, but at different rates. Capillary pressure curves for these cores were plotted over a series of tested injection rates. Pressure and CO2 storage capacity assessment revealed that a reservoir without fractures is more effective for storage, whereas fractured reservoirs have superior injectivity.
In order to develop real-time carbon isotope analyzer system for monitoring groundwater, formation fluid and soil gas from CO2 storage sites, CRDS(Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy) system was set up in CO2 laboratory in KIGAM and laboratory experiments improving accuracy and precision of this analyzer has been performed. In addition, field test for assessing applicability of this system has been performed on CO2-rich water. For the sample preparation test, N2 gas was injected glass vial after sample injection and N2 purging for 30 seconds for degassing air in head space of glass vial which was most proper way to improve precision. On the other hand, carbon isotope standard materials from IAEA were analyzed for assessing accuracy and calibrating. 0.5 mg for IAEA-1 and 8 (calcite and dolomite) or 1 mg for IAEA-9 (barium carbonate) of solid samples were analyzed with H3PO4 for 8 minutes which was most appropriate for solid sample analysis method. In addition, we analyzed the CO2-rich water samples by CRDS in KIGAM and IRMS in KBSI for cross checking the isotope samples and the error of two analysis methods were less than 10%.
An experimental study has been carried out to evaluate the saturation degree of CO2 varied by the injection of CO2 into Berea sandstone saturated with saline water using electric impedance. We also measured the hydro-mechanical coupling parameters necessary for accessing the change in effective stress when pore pressure is raised by CO2 injection. The experimental results can be used for estimating the storing capacity and residual ability of aquifer, and applied to the monitoring of CO2 flow. Our study can be used for predicting the change in situ stress due to CO2 injection, and provide basic information for the evaluation of safety and maximum injection pressure. We obtained the values of hydro-mechanical coupling parameter equivalent to those from a previous study. Based on our study, electric resistivity varies with CO2 injection, and the variation is dependent on the orientation of bedding plane. Our experimental study suggests that the residual CO2 in pore spaces after injection can be 50% of injected volume. In conclusion, the measurement of electric resistivity with CO2 injection can be used to estimate the residual amount of CO2 and to monitor the movement of CO2 plume.
In regards with evaluation of hyromechanical properties of fault rock, we conducted shear tests on fault rocks taken from the faults in the Pohang Basin, to measure frictional coefficient of the rocks that is needed for fault reactivation analysis. Also, preliminary measurement of the permeability of fault rocks in the Pohang Basin was conducted. The measured friction coefficient from the fault rocks is as low as 0.13 which is much lower than that expected from the Byerlee's law. The permeability of the fault rocks is measured to be ~10-14 m2. Additional information on the in-situ stress condition and fault zone attitude in the Pohang Basin is necessary to examine possible fault reactivation in the basin. Also, it is worth conducting in situ permeability measurements across the fault zones to check if core-scale permeability may be applicable to larger scale fluid flow.
A computer program (named CSFA) which can be used to analyze the likelihood of fracture reactivation, was also developed in this study. Application of this program requires a variety of input data, including the magnitude and orientation of in situ stresses(Sv, Shmin, and SHmax), pore-pressure, the orientation (dip direction and angle) and sliding frictional coefficient of fractures. These data could be collected from 2D/3D seismic survey, geophysical loggings and field measurements that are carried out in appraisal boreholes, and laboratory measurements with cores extracted from the boreholes. CSFA was coded to calculate effective normal and shear stresses acting on the fracture using the data, and check for slippage along the fracture with the Coulomb criterion. We believe that CSFA can be used for the fracture reactivation analysis in CCS projects planned in the future and make a contribution in securing the site stability.
To assess the qualitative/quantitative behaviour of the injected CO2 under the ground, an integration method of the seismic modeling, the laboratory experiments on the CO2-injected core, and the numerical reservoir simulation is needed as a prominent tool for monitoring injected CO2. For developing integration method, prototype seismic modeling programs are firstly developed and tested for simulating the seismic attribute change due to the change of material properties during CO2 injection. These two programs are homotopy and the viscoelastic modeling method that assume the change of the seismic velocity and the amplitude respectively due to CO2 injection. Secondly, we improved our laboratory core experiment system for preparing the second year’s research subject which includes development of a correlation model between the change of seismic attributes and that of material properties by cross-calibration of laboratory experiment results on the CO2-injected core and seismic modeling results. In addition, the relation of the reservoir simulation and the injected-CO2 monitoring method is considered and the usage of GEM is studied for applicability to field scale CO2 injection with various scenarios. In addition, we investigated how GEM is used as a complementary tool for our laboratory system which cannot acquire real-time CO2 saturations.
(출처 : SUMMARY 11p)
목차 Contents
표지 ... 1
제출문 ... 2
연차보고서 요약서 ... 3
요약문 ... 5
SUMMARY ... 11
CONTENTS ... 14
목차 ... 15
제1장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 17
1.1. 연구개발의 목적 ... 17
1.2. 연구개발의 필요성 ... 19
1.2.1. 연구개발의 과학기술, 사회경제적 중요성 ... 19
1.3. 연구개발의 범위 ... 20
제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 22
2.1. 국내 기술개발 현황 ... 22
2.2. 국외 기술개발현황 ... 24
제3장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 26
3.1. 국내 주요 탄산수(carbon spring) 분포 현황 ... 26
3.1.1. 탄산수 분포 및 거동특성 연구의 목적 ... 26
3.1.2. 국내 주요 탄산수 분포의 지질학적 특성 ... 26
3.2. 코어 스케일에서의 CO₂ 거동 특성 ... 30
3.2.1. 서언 ... 30
3.2.2. 연구방법 ... 30
3.2.3. 연구결과 ... 33
3.2.4. 토의 및 결언 ... 36
3.3. 실시간 탄소동위원소 분석기반 구축 ... 37
3.3.1. 서언 ... 37
3.3.2. 실시간 탄소동위원소 분석기반 구축 ... 39
3.3.3. 연기 탄산수 자동관측 및 시간별 탄소동위원소 모니터링 ... 44
3.3.4. 결론 및 토의 ... 49
3.4. CO₂ 주입에 의한 저장층의 물리역학적 반응 및 모니터링 응용 ... 50
3.4.1. 서언 ... 50
3.4.2. 실험방법 ... 51
3.4.3. 실험결과 ... 53
3.4.4. 토의 및 결론 ... 56
3.5. 포항분지 단층대의 수리적, 역학적 물성평가 연구 ... 57
3.5.1. 연구배경 ... 57
3.5.2. 연구대상 및 방법 ... 58
3.5.3. 연구결과 ... 59
3.5.4. 결언 ... 64
3.6. 불연속면의 재활성 분석을 위한 프로그램(CSFA) 개발 ... 66
3.6.1. 서언 ... 66
3.6.2. 불연속면의 재활성 여부 분석을 위해 필요한 자료 ... 66
3.6.3. 프로그램(CSFA)에 적용된 이론 ... 69
3.6.4. 프로그램 (CSFA) 개발 및 사례 적용 ... 71
3.6.5. 결론 ... 73
3.7. CO₂ 거동 특성을 반영한 지하 물성 예측 및 탄성파 특성 변화 예측기술 기반 구축 ... 74
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