초록 ▼

1. 고성능의 이온 전지용 양극/음극재 개발 및 소재 평가와 전기화학 특성 분석
: 대량생산 용이한 양극, 음극,복합소재 개발 및 전지특성 확보
가. 프러시안블루 양극 소재와 SNDI 유기 소재와의 완전 전지 구현
나. 저가의 고용량 망간기반 층상구조 Na-Birnessite: NaxMnO2
다. 전도성을 향상시킨 다중 전이금속 산화물-그래핀 복합체: MixO-rGO
라. Phosphate계열 수화 철인산화물: Amorphous FePO4·4H2O
마. Phosphate계열 Fe. Mn. Co 인산화

1. 고성능의 이온 전지용 양극/음극재 개발 및 소재 평가와 전기화학 특성 분석
: 대량생산 용이한 양극, 음극,복합소재 개발 및 전지특성 확보
가. 프러시안블루 양극 소재와 SNDI 유기 소재와의 완전 전지 구현
나. 저가의 고용량 망간기반 층상구조 Na-Birnessite: NaxMnO2
다. 전도성을 향상시킨 다중 전이금속 산화물-그래핀 복합체: MixO-rGO
라. Phosphate계열 수화 철인산화물: Amorphous FePO4·4H2O
마. Phosphate계열 Fe. Mn. Co 인산화물: Na2MP2O7 (M=Co, Mn, Fe)
바. 양쪽성 활성을 띈 Na7V4(P2O7)4PO4
사. 가역용량을 증대시킨 탄소계 음극 소재
아. NASICON 구조 기반의 Phosphate 양극 활물질
자. 금속-유기 복합체 기반의 양극 활물질

2. 다양한 정적인 분석 툴과 X선을 이용한 실시간 전극 소재 분석
가. 개발된 소재 분석을 위한 다양한 정적인 분석 사용
: 합성된 소재를 다양한 분석장비(SEM, TEM, EPR, NMR, FT-IR등)를 통하여 분석,X선 회절 분석 방법인 Rietveld refinemen 및 X선 회절 분석인 XANES/EXAFS를 이용한 소재의 무기 결정 구조 해석.
나. 전기화학 동작 중의 X선을 이용한 실시간 분석 툴 개발
:Air-blocked ex-situ XRD holder/실험실용 In-situ XRD holder/ 포항가속기용 In-situ XRD holder/ 포항가속기용 In-situ XAFS / 포항가속기용 3전극 In-situ XRD,XAFS holder을 제작하고 전기화학 측정 장치와 연동
다. X선 회절 및 흡수 분석을 통한 충·방전 메커니즘 분석
: 개발한 전기화학 동작 중 X선을 이용한 측정장치를 사용하여 개발된 소재의 충·방전 과정에 따른 실시간 메커니즘 분석
(출처 : 보고서 요약서 3P)

Abstract ▼

Ⅱ. Purpose and Necessity
- Due to the limit of fossil fuel reserves and the growth of environmental issues, the development of efficient conversion/storage devices for new renewable energy resources such as solar, wind, tidal, and others, are required. Such being the case, secondary batteries are

Ⅱ. Purpose and Necessity
- Due to the limit of fossil fuel reserves and the growth of environmental issues, the development of efficient conversion/storage devices for new renewable energy resources such as solar, wind, tidal, and others, are required. Such being the case, secondary batteries are becoming a vital component as a means of storing such energy resources. Therefore, being one of the representatives of energy storage systems, there has been a rapid growth in demand for secondary Li-ion batteries, not only for portable devices, but varying up to the large-capacity energy storage systems. However, by the increase in demand of Li-ion, there is a continuation in the increase of Li precursors' cost; moreover, since the use of organic solvents, issues such as high cost and low stability, delays the expansion of large-capacity energy storage systems with effective storage/conversion of new renewable energies.

- Due to the chronological demand for CO2 reduction and limited fossil fuel, the cost of material, abundance of material and uncomplicated manufacturing process is essential for large-capacity batteries. Moreover, aqueous lithium or sodium-based secondary batteries can satisfy the mentioned factors and mark its place as the core of secondary batteries. Current organic-based medium-large sized batteries are being developed for automobile or smart grid purposes, however, the cost is high and the reduction of its expense is almost impossible; also, because of this disadvantage, the development as an/a industrial/residential supply is being hindered. Therefore, ensuring an economical and highly stable large-capacity secondary battery technique means one can expand cost-effective energy power systems using renewable energy, which its economic effects will be extensive.

- To develop a superior aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the analysis technique of the electrode material should also be prerequisite. Therefore, in the 2nd detail, the research was aimed to develop an analysis technique for real time observation of charge/discharge processes or atomic-scale in aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Through these analysis methods, we focused on how the ions and electrolyte react at the electrode surface during charge/discharge and what rate and path did it take within the electrode materials during depth of charge. This is outside the traditional framework of focusing only on the evaluation of cell characteristics after the development of electrode material. The electrode materials can be modified after real time observation of the initially synthesized material at the atomic level during charge/discharge. In addition, the analysis on the tendency at the atomic level of the electrode structure in local, oxidation, phase transition and new phase formation depending on the charge/discharge, will become a smart guide for electrode synthesis with the desired characteristics and capacity.

Ⅲ. Content and scope of research development
[Step 1]
- Development and understanding of aqueous electrolyte secondary battery materials
- Development of high-capacity and highly-efficient through electrode materials' size, shape, and nanostructure
- Internal/surface analysis of the electrode by introducing a variety of analysis
- Theoretical studies using the first principle calculations on equilibrium voltage and ion diffusion within the electrode

[Step 2]
- Development of high-performance ion battery materials
- Analysis of the atomic-level structure of the electrode material using X-ray and neutron
- Optimization of high-purity single-phase electrode material through material structure analysis
- Identification of change in electrode material's structure through X-ray analysis, before and after charge/discharge.
- Identification of change in electrode material's oxidation and local structure through XAFS (XANES & EXAFS) analysis, before and after charge/discharge.
[Step 3]
- Implementation of half-cell and single-cell of aqueous electrolyte-based batteries
- Manufacture graft possible In-situ XRD/XAFS holder for various positive/negative electrode materials
- Investigation of the mechanism through Ex-situ analysis and In-situ XRD/XAFS analysis for positive/negative electrode materials
- Application of real-time analysis on aqueous-based batteries

Ⅳ. R&D results
1. Development of high-performance ion battery cathode/anode material and material analysis with electrochemical characterizations
- Possible mass production of cathode, anode, composite material development and cell characteristics (9 representative materials)
2. Development of a variety of static and real-time analysis tools and its application to suggest the charge/discharge mechanisms.
- Analyze the synthesized materials using various analysis instruments (such as SEM, TEM, EPR, NMR, FT-IR), analysis of the crystal structure of the inorganic material using Rietveld refinement and XANES/EXAFS.
- Manufacture Air-blocked ex-situ XRD holder/experimental In-situ XRD holder/ Particle accelerator (POHANG) In-situ XRD holder/ Particle accelerator (POHANG) In-situ XAFS / Particle accelerator (POHANG) 3 electrode method In-situ XRD/XAFS holder and interlock with electrochemical analyzers
- Analyze the developed material during charge/discharge and its real time mechanism using the developed X-ray utilizing electrochemical measuring device.
3. Outcomes (Publications, Patents, Conference Presentation)
- 36 publication (SCI paper)
- 48 patents (Korean application 29, International application 1, Korean registration 18)
- 29 Invited talk on international confernece
- 59 presentation (International conference 13, Domestic conference 13)
- 21 Awards

Ⅴ. Future Plan from R&D results
- This study was to develop aqueous electrolyte secondary battery material and aims for real-time analysis of electrode materials during battery operation by developing a variety of analysis tools
- The real-time analysis tools developed in this task has been applied widely in the other secondary battery systems and can diagnose the electrode material
- The development of vital analysis technologies was expected to play a pivotal role, as the investigation of electrode structure from detailed observation into the electrode material during charge/discharge processes, derived a new design for improved electrode materials used in the secondary batteries.
(출처 : SUMMARY 6P)

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1제 출 문 ... 2보고서 요약서 ... 3요 약 문 ... 4SUMMARY ... 6CONTENTS ... 8목차 ... 9제1장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 10 제 1절. 연구개발의 경제적·산업적 중요성 및 연구개발의 필요성 ... 10 1. 수용액 전지를 이용한 이차전지 산업의 중요성 ... 10 2. 수용액 전해질 이차전지 연구개발의 도전 과제 ... 13 제 2절. 연구개발의 필요성 ... 14 1. 수용액 전해질 이차전지의 연구개발 필요성 ... 14 2. 수용액이차전지용 소재 개발 및 실시간 분석 연구의 필요성 ... 15 제 3절. 연구개발 목표 ... 16 1. 연구개발의 목표 및 내용 ... 16 2. 연구개발의 최종 목표 ... 16제2장 국내외 기술개발 동향 ... 18 제 1절. 해외 연구 동향 ... 18 1. 주요 연구기관별 수용액이차전지 관련 연구 현황 ... 18 2. 주요 연구기관별 이차전지 실시간 분석법 관련 연구 현황 ... 19 제 2절. 국내 연구 동향 ... 19제3장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 20 제 1절. 연구개발수행 개요 ... 20 1. 최종 목표 ... 20 2. 연구범위 및 연구수행 방법 ... 20 제 2절. 연구개발수행 내용 ... 22 1. 수용액 소듐 이온 전지용 양극/음극재 개발 및 평가와 다양한 분석 툴을 이용한 소재 분석 ... 22 2. 다양한 정적인 분석 툴과 X선을 이용한 실시간 전극 소재 분석 ... 45제4장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 56 제 1절. 정량적 성과 ... 56 제 2절 정성적 평가 ... 73제5장 연구개발성과의 활용계획 ... 76제6장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 78제7장 참고문헌 ... 79끝페이지 ... 79