초록 ▼

본 사업단의 제1 핵심과제는 석산개발 지역의 생태복원 기술개발을 위하여 산지전용 실태, 잔벽면 녹화용 식생토 및 모자이크 녹화공법을 개발하여 석산지역 복원에 기여하였고, 복원용 수종을 개발하기 위해 다양한 생리학적 방법으로 내건성 수종을 선발하는 시스템을 확립하였다.
제2 핵심과제에서는 백두대간 및 산지습원 지역의 다양한 훼손 유형 및 원인을 분석하여 생태축 복원사업 모니터링과 훼손이 진행 중인 산지습원의 훼손원인을 명확하게 파악하여 그에 맞는 복원 모델을 제시하고자 하였다.
제3 핵심과제에서는 도시지역의 산지계류 생태복

본 사업단의 제1 핵심과제는 석산개발 지역의 생태복원 기술개발을 위하여 산지전용 실태, 잔벽면 녹화용 식생토 및 모자이크 녹화공법을 개발하여 석산지역 복원에 기여하였고, 복원용 수종을 개발하기 위해 다양한 생리학적 방법으로 내건성 수종을 선발하는 시스템을 확립하였다.
제2 핵심과제에서는 백두대간 및 산지습원 지역의 다양한 훼손 유형 및 원인을 분석하여 생태축 복원사업 모니터링과 훼손이 진행 중인 산지습원의 훼손원인을 명확하게 파악하여 그에 맞는 복원 모델을 제시하고자 하였다.
제3 핵심과제에서는 도시지역의 산지계류 생태복원용 식생기반재 돌망태기슭막이 공법을 개발하였으며, 도시지역 산불 및 재선충 피해지에 다양한 토양개량제를 처리하여 수목활력도 증진기술 개발하였다.
제4 핵심과제에서는 터널 갱구부 생태복원 기술 개발을 위해 터널 갱구부 생태복원 모델 개발, 목재재료 전반의 인벤토리를 탐색하고 열처리방법 및 열처리 시스템의 구축, HSP구조물 제조용 친환경 소재 발굴 및 식생기반재 후보원료를 스크리닝하여 식물활착 및 보비력 개선을 위하여 생육강화형, 미생물강화형, 활착강화형 식생기반재를 개발하였다.
특히, 사업단 9개 과제를 중심으로 복원용 생태복원 지침서 및 기술 매뉴얼을 작성하였다. 또한, 연구진은 연구개발, 인력양성, 산학관연 협력, 홍보 등에 성실히 노력을 하였다고 판단된다.
(출처 : 보고서 요약서 7P)

Abstract ▼

1핵심

Purpose & Contents
Part1
Purpose – Development of Ecological restoration Techniques in quarry area
Contents – Damage situation and damage type analysis in quarry area
- Recovery method analysis and Establish direction of restoration in quarry area
- Slope stability and deve

1핵심

Purpose & Contents
Part1
Purpose – Development of Ecological restoration Techniques in quarry area
Contents – Damage situation and damage type analysis in quarry area
- Recovery method analysis and Establish direction of restoration in quarry area
- Slope stability and development of revegetation techniques in qua rry area
- Devlopment of revegetation on rock slope and charateristics of seed germination in quarry area
- Publication of manual for Ecological restoration and Effect analysis of revegetation techniques in quarry area
Part2
Purpose - Selection of thermotolerant native plants and cold tolerant native plants for restoring damaged forest areas
Contents - Establishment of system for screening drought tolerant plants
- Selection of the test for resistance to selection of plant species
- Field adaptation test of drought tolerant plants
- Establishment of system for screening cold-tolerant plants
- Publication of manual for multiple environmental stress tolerant plants

Results
Part1
◎1year

- In the last 10 years (2002 ~ 2011), the highest destruction of forest in Korea occurred in mountainous areas (75%), with the causes ranging from forest fires (11%), pests and diseases (6%), floods (5%), and 1% for illegal and unauthorized damage respectively.

- In the last 10 years, the status of conservation forests and semi - conservation forests was estimated to be 28,967ha for conservation forests and 72,007ha for semi - conservation forests, which is about 2.5 times higher than conservation forests. In 2007, the most frequent land use was farmland, in 2005, it was residential land, in 2009 it was factory and golf course, in 2002, it was a mining and road, and in 2004 it was ski resort. Overall, the largest area of forests was used for other purposes in 2009, and thereafter, the use of othe areas was reduced.

- In the last 10 years, the rate of other use of forests was 16,749ha, which is 17% of the total forest, 14,652ha for land which is 15%, 13,271ha of roads which is 13%, and 10,680ha for golf courses which is 11% of the total forest. On the other hand, the exclusive use rate of other used forests was 37,698ha, which accounted for 37% of the total area, and it occupied the largest portion of the total area, including industrial complex, resort development, botanical garden, arboretum, tourist resort, fuel rims, and forest bath.

- Jeonbuk province was mostly dedicated to farmland. In the case of residential land, there were many cases in Gyeonggi Province, Chungcheongnam-do Province, Mining in Gangwon Province, Roads in Gyeongbuk Province, and golf courses in Gyeonggi Province. The case of Gyeonggi Province, is remarkable since this land sue is used by many people.

◎2year

- In order to stabilize the slope and carry out landscaping, trenching method was used on the slope walls, with harmonious vegetation introduced at the lower flat plains and the surrounding area to induce ecological restoration.

- Different slope restoration methods were studied, and the applicability of the various methods in relation to the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages for the various construction methods were evaluated. Sowing method such as netting method, net lawn method and seed spraying method, herbage method such as NET induction spraying method, rice straw method and seed matting method are aimed at herbaceous composition and are mainly applied to slopes, while the PEC4 method and SF spraying greening method were aimed at herbal composition and applied to rock slopes. In addition, the planting methods such as shielding water-wall method, small - scale soil - based planting method, and rock slope part greening method were aimed at the development of shrubs and showed excellent applicability to rock slopes.

- Most of the woody plants native to the restoration area of Geochang-gun such as alder, red wood, raspberry, Siberian chrysanthemum etc were poorly growing in the area. However, in the area where Akashi trees are concentrated, the herbaceous species diversity was high. Woody plants appearing in the square of the survey site were 12 upper, 15 middle and 47 lower. The woody plants that naturally invaded after the completion of the restoration works in the whole survey area were 10 species which included the pine trees, alders, oak, willow, acacia, fir, birch, rhododendron etc.

- The species diversity index of slopes in the limestone area, which was opened from 2007 to 2012 in the vicinity of Sangsang Development in Sacheon City, Gyeongnam Province, was found to be the largest at 1.4015 from the opening slope in 2011. In other words, in the forests opened from 2007 to 2012, the embankment slope was higher than the cut slope. Evenness was higher in cut slope and embankment slope, and the emergence of plant species was found to be uniform.

- The slope area (A) at the lower part of the slope in the restoration area of Geokchang-gun, Gyeongnam, which is the main investigation area of the development site, is has a steep slope of 69˚. The horizontal distance of the sedimentary slope is 47.8m, the height of the slope is 51m, which is relatively high, slope degradation was comparatively rapid, and there was a visual danger.

- The safety factor of the slope for the sedimentary slope is 1.624 and 1.242 in the dry season and the rainy season, respectively, which is higher than the standard safety rate Fs = 1.5 for the dry season and Fs = 1.2 for the wet season.

◎3year

- For the construction of the site using concrete and wood lattice frame method, vertical and horizontal frame molds are installed on the slope-shaped slope of the foundation at the upper part of the foundation, and the concrete is applied using a pump (in order to prevent excessive force) to fill the inside of the frame. The inside of the grid frame was filled up to 10cm below the height of the grid frame so as to prevent cracks from forming at the bottom, and the remainder was filled up to the grid frame height using the enriched soil for the experiment.

- Four soil types were used and include: (A) Forest soil (B) Mixed soil (C) Merchantable soil (D) Leaf mold soil. The soils were treated with a microorganism called Trichoderma harzianum with a control having no treatment. Physicochemical analysis of the soils showed that Forest soil had the highest pH of 6.13, while Leaf mold soil had the lowest pH of 5.56 higher than the average relative pH of Korean forest soils which has a range of pH 4.5~5.5. Leaf mold soil had the highest Electrical conductivity of 13.84 dS/m, merchantable soil had Electrical conductivity of 8.07 dS/m, while Forest soil had Electrical conductivity of 0.51 dS/m, which is lower than the soil improvement target on cut slopes of 1.0 dS/m.

- Leaf mold soil had the highest soil organic matter content of 20.176%, while Forest soil had the lowest of 5.208%. For total nitrogen content, Leaf mold soil had 12.64%, Merchantable soil had 7.67% while Forest soil had the lowest of 0.368%, higher than the soil improvement target of cut slopes which is 0.06%. Available phosphorus content for Leaf mold soil (204.88 mg/Kg), Merchantable soil (103.81 mg/Kg), Mixed soil (68.09 mg/Kg), as Leaf mold soil and Merchantable soil had an average available phosphate of 100 mg/Kg of parent material, whereas that of Mixed soil and Forest soil did not vary greatly from the normal standards. Among the cations, Ca, Mg, K, Na contents were higher in Leaf mold soil and smallest in Forest soil.

- In the germination experiment of sowing seeds for slope greening, four kinds of seeds were sown including, two kinds of native trees (Siberian chrysanthemum, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya) and two kinds of native herbaceous plants (Dianthus barbatus, Aster koraiensis). Initial germination and germination rates of the cultivated soil increased in the following order: forest soil>mixed soil, and then merchantable soil, and leaf mold soil 4 weeks after sowing. The average germination rate in soils with microbial treatments was in the order of microbial treatment (90%)> 50% microbial root treatment (79%)> untreated (20%). The initial mean germination and germination rates were significantly affected by the soil type and microbial treatment.

- Analysing the growth in different soils and treatments, the forest soil pearlite showed the highest growth rate from June to November in microbial roots treatment, microbial treatment and then in the untreated soil. In the case of mixed soil, from June to September, the highest growth was observed in microbial roots treatment, followed by microbial treatment, and from September to November, it was microbial roots treatment, followed by microbial treatment and no treatment. In merchantable soil, the highest growth rate was observed in microorganism roots treatment from June to November, followed by microbial treatment and no treatment. In the case of leaf mold soil, the highest growth was observed in microbial roots treatment from June to November, followed by microbial treatment and no treatment.

- Monthly growth rate by soil treatments was 270cm in June, 564cm in July, 654cm in August, and remained the same after September. For biologically treated soils, it was 158.5cm in June, 277cm in July, 392.5cm in August, 464.5cm in September, and 469.5cm in October, and the growth rate was the same after October. In the untreated soils, it was 112.5cm in June, 205.5cm in July, 294.5cm in August, and 315cm in September, and the growth rate after September was same as that of treated soils.

- The monthly growth rate of forest soil was 111.5cm in June and 207.5cm in July, 286.5cm in August, and 312cm in September, and the growth rate was the same after September. The mixed soil showed 145cm in June, 235cm in July, 291.5cm in August, 302.5cm in September, and 307.5cm in October, and the growth was the same after October. In merchantable soil, it was 220.5cm in June, 344.5cm in July, 479cm in August, and 596cm in September. Leaf mold soil showed 64cm in June, 119.5cm in July, 196cm in August, and 223cm in September, and the growth remained the same after September as in the other soils except for mixed soil.

- The total growth rate of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya was higher in the soil treatment with microorganism rooting agent in the merchantable soil, while in the forest soil pearlite the growth was in the order of microorganism rooting treatment and microorganism treatment. Generally, the growth rate was good in treated soils, and the growth rate was highest in the microbial roots treatment.

- The total growth rate was highest on merchantable soil with soil-microorganism treatment, and then on forest soil pearlite with microorganism treatment, and on leaf mold soil with microorganism rooting agent and microorganism treatments. Generally, the growth rate was good in the soils, and the microorganisms and microbial roots treatment effectively enhanced plant growth.

◎4year

- Hydraulic drillers were used to drill holes with vertical intervals of 50cm and horizontal intervals of 110cm, on a rock slope of a mountainous area with horizontal length of 10m.

- Four soil types were used in this experiment and include: A. Forest soil B. Mixed soil C. Merchantable soil D. Leaf mold soil. The soils were treated with a microorganism called Trichoderma harzianum. Each of the four soil types had 3 different treatments. The first sample was mixed with 100% of the microorganism, the second sample was mixed with 50% of the microorganism, and the third sample was the control with no microorganism treatment.

- Potting sacs having diameter of 140cm and length of 20cm with weight of about 65g were produced and used. The jute weighed about 10g, and the weight of the seeded paper was about 1g. Generally, for the soils used for vegetation, the forest soil weighed 2.3Kg, the mixed soil weighed 2.0Kg, the merchantable soil weighed 1.8Kg, while the Leaf mold soil weighed 1.3Kg. While seeds of the other plants were planted in the soil, instead cultured Ivy seedlings were used for the experiment.

- Physicochemical analysis of the soils showed that Forest soil had the highest pH of 6.15, while Leaf mold soil had the lowest pH of 5.57 higher than the average relative pH of Korean forest soils which has a range of pH 4.5~5.5. Leaf mold soil had the highest Electrical conductivity of 13.86 dS/m, merchantable soil had Electrical conductivity of 8.12 dS/m, while Forest soil had Electrical conductivity of 0.53 dS/m, which is lower than the soil improvement target on cut slopes of 1.0 dS/m. Leaf mold soil had the highest soil organic matter content of 20.175%, while Forest soil had the lowest of 5.214%. For total nitrogen content, Leaf mold soil had 12.71%, Merchantable soil had 7.72% while Forest soil had the lowest of 0.37%, higher than the soil improvement target of cut slopes which is 0.06%. Available phosphorus content for Leaf mold soil (204.93 mg/Kg), Merchantable soil (103.91 mg/Kg), Mixed soil (68.12 mg/Kg), as Leaf mold soil and Merchantable soil had an average available phosphate of 100 mg/Kg of parent material, whereas that of Mixed soil and Forest soil did not vary greatly from the normal standards. Among the cations, Ca, Mg, K, Na contents were higher in Leaf mold soil and smallest in Forest soil.

- After the initial germination of seeds were recorded for all the soils, 10 days after sowing, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya had 10 individuals (plants) on Mixed soil, 10 individuals on Merchantable soil, 11 individuals on Leaf mold soil giving a total of 31 individuals, while 7 individuals were recorded on Forest soil after 2 weeks, with the total germination increased to 40 individuals. After weeks 3 and there were no significant changes in the plant population until after week 5 were the population reduced to 23 individuals. Germination varied from one culture medium to the other with relatively good results on Forest soil and Leaf mold soil.

- For the initial germination with respect to the soil treatments, 1 week after cultivation, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya had 13 individuals on the soil samples with 50% microorganism, 12 individuals on the soil samples with 100% microorganism and 6 individuals on the soil samples with no microorganism treatment, giving a total population of 31 individuals. In all the treatments, the population increased to 40 individuals after 2 weeks. After weeks 3 and 4, there were no significant changes in the plant population until after week 5 were the population reduced to 23 individuals. The soils with microorganism treatment had relatively good results.

- After 1 week of sowing, Dianthus barbatus had 9 individuals on soil samples with 100% microorganism treatment, and 2 individuals were recorded on soil samples with 50% microorganism. It had a relatively poor germination but good survival.

- After 1 week of sowing, Festuca arundinacea had 36 individuals on soil samples with 100% microorganism treatment, 27 individuals on soil samples with 50% microorganism treatment, and 26 individuals on soil samples with no microorganism treatment giving a total population of 89 individuals. Germination continued in weeks 2, 3 and 4 were the population increased to 111 individuals, until after week 5 that the population decreased to 91 individuals.

- Analysis of the initial germination and survival of plants on monthly basis showed that in June, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya had 19 individuals on Leaf mold soil, 10 individuals on Merchantable soil, 8 individuals on Forest soil and 8 individuals on Mixed soil. A total of 42 seeds germinated. In July, an additional 6 individuals germinated in Forest soil, while the total number of individuals in the other soils increased to 43. However, starting from August, the total population reduced to 23 showing a decrease in the number of survivors. Since November, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya leaves are deciduous, while the number of survivors was relatively high in the Leaf mold soil and Forest soil.

- For Dianthus barbatus, 6 individuals germinated in Leaf mold soil in June, while in July, 4 individuals were recorded on Forest soil, 3 individuals on Mixed soil, 1 individual on Merchantable soil. In August, the number of individuals increased to 20 as 4 more individuals germinated in Leaf mold soil. Its survivarate decreased from September with only 5 individuals recorded on Leaf mold soil, 2 individuals recorded on Forest soil and by December only 1 individual survived in Mixed soil. 1- In June, Festuca arundinacea had 34 individuals on Leaf mold soil, 29 on Merchantable soil, 27 on Mixed soil and 3 on Forest soil, giving a total population of 93 individuals which germinated and sprouted. In July, the number of individuals increased to 36 on Leaf mold soil with a total of 116 plants recorded, and the number of plants reduced to 69 individuals in December.

- Considering the germination and survival of plants per month in the different soil treatments, in June, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya had 16 individuals in soil samples with 100% microorganism treatment, 15 in soils with 50% microorganism treatment, and 11 in soils with no treatment. In July, there were 3 additional individuals on soils with 100% microorganism, 3 on soils with 50% microorganism treatment and some died giving a total of 43 plants. The loss in culture medium and reduced rainfall in August and September tend to decrease the number of individuals to 23 and 19 respectively for both months. However, soil samples with 100% microorganism treatment had relatively good results.

- In June, 6 Dianthus barbatus sprouted in soil samples with 100% microorganism treatment, in July 4 sprouted in soils with no treatment, 2 in soils with 50% microorganism, and 2 added in soils with 100% microorganism, thus increasing the plant population to 14 individuals. In August, 7 plants added on soils with 50% microorganism, with a total of 20 individuals recorded. Germination and survival gradually reduced from September. Particularly, in December, soils with 50% microorganism had 4 individuals, and 3 on soils with 100% microorganism. Interestingly, the plants that remained alive were in relatively good condition.

- In June, Festuca arundinacea had 37 individuals on soils with 100% microorganism, 34 on soils with 50% microorganism, and 22 on soils with no treatment giving a total of 93 individuals that germinated. In July, soils with 100% microorganism had 46 individuals, 37 on soils with 50% microorganism and 33 on soils with no treatment giving a total of 116 individuals. The plant population reduced to 88 in August and 69 in December. The plant survival was relatively good in soils with 100% microorganism and soils with 50% microorganism.

- Analysis of the monthly record of Ivy showed that in June it had a total length of 576cm in all soil treatments as follows; 181cm in Merchantable soil, 145cm in Mixed soil, 144 cm in Leaf mold soil and 106 cm in Forest soil. It continued to grow in July, August, September until early October, after which the growth reduced as the soil became frozen, and the leaves stopped growing by December with the stem still surviving. It had relatively favorable growth in Leaf mold soil, Merchantable soil, Mixed soil and then Forest soil.

- In June, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya had total length of 120cm in all soil treatments as follows; 49cm in Leaf mold soil, 44cm in Merchantable soil, 17cm in Forest soil and 10cm in Mixed soil. The plant growth continued in July, August, September until early October after which growth declined and the plants stopped growth in December as they shed their leaves to withstand the frozen soil conditions. It had relatively favorable growth in Leaf mold soil, Merchantable soil, Forest soil, and then mixed soil.

- In June, generally Dianthus barbatus had length of 8cm in merchantable soil, but in July, the influence of rainfall led to death of the few plants that sprouted and a decline in growth. Thus, it had lengths of 7cm in Forest soil, 5cm in Mixed soil, 16cm in Leaf mold soil. Growth continued in August, September, until later in October when it started to decrease. It had favorable growth in Leaf mold soil, Forest soil, Mixed soil with least growth in Merchantable soil.

- Festuca arundinacea had length of 225cm in Merchantable soil, 221cm in Leaf mold soil, 136cm in Mixed soil, and 6cm in Forest soil. It had continuous growth from July up to November were it had lengths of 1,241cm in Leaf mold soil, 734cm in Merchantable soil, 626cm in Forest soil, 273cm in Mixed soil. In December, many of the plants wilt, resulting in decrease in growth. It had relatively favorable growth in Leaf mold soil, Merchantable soil, Forest soil, and then Mixed soil in decreasing order.

- Analysis of the record of Ivy growth per month in the different soil treatments showed that in June, Ivy had total length of 576cm as follows; 203cm in soils with 50% microorganism, 195cm in soils with 100% microorganism, 178cm in soils with no treatment. Its growth continued in July, August, September until early October. In October, it had relatively favorable growth with lengths of 545cm in soils with 100% microorganism, 485cm in soils with 50% microorganism and 406cm in untreated soils. Its growth stopped in December marking the severity of winter.

- Considering the different soil treatments, in June, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya had length of 50cm in soils with 100% microorganism, 41cm in soils with 50% microorganism, and 29cm in untreated soils. Its growth continued in July, August, September, until early October were its growth decreased and stopped growth in December as the plants shed their leaves to withstand and survive the frozen soils. In October, the favorability of its growth as per the soil treatments was as follows; 68cm in soils with 100% microorganism, 46cm in soils with 50% microorganism, 39cm in untreated soils.

- For Dianthus barbatus, in July its length was 13cm in soils with 100% microorganism, 7cm in soils with 50% microorganism, 2cm in untreated soils. Its growth continued in August to September after which from October, its growth began to decrease. In December, the favorability of its growth as per the soil treatments was as follows; 39cm in soils with 100% microorganism, 22cm in soils with 50% microorganism and 5cm in untreated soils.

- Festuca arundinacea had length of 245cm in soils with 100% microorganism, 219cm in soils with 50% microorganism, 124cm in untreated soils. Its growth continued from July to November were it had total length of 1,161cm in soils with 100% microorganism, 1,076cm in soils with 50% microorganism, 637cm in untreated soils. Gradually, many of the plants wilt in December thus having decreased growth. It had relatively favorable growth in soils with 100% microorganism, followed by soils with 50% microorganism and then untreated soils. Treating soils with microorganisms thus affect the growth of plants. - There are differences in the growth rates of plants relative to the soil type, seed and soil treatment. Thus, there is need for careful selection of the type of seeds and soil type for plant growth. It is imperative to develop a new revegetation method and soil improvement strategies to enhance slope stability, via treating soils with beneficial microorganisms.

◎5year

- Investigation of the growth of plants on a monthly basis showed that Lespedeza cyrtobotrya germinated only in Leaf mold soil and Merchantable soil. In Leaf mold soil, the growth was vigorous until April, May and June, and the maximum growth was observed in July. In general, the highest growth was observed in April, May, and July, but after July, it was difficult to maintain moisture due to the increase in summer temperatures and the growth suddenly started to decline.

- Dianthus barbatus germinated in all four soil types, but the numbers were small. Its growth varied between the different soil types from May with its order of favorability as follows: mixed soil, leaf mold soil, merchantable soil and forest soil. Interestingly, it was not affected much by summer temperature rise, as it continued to grow until September. However, after October, the growth stopped and the leaves survived, and only until March when the leaves began to grow again.

- For the total monthly growth of Festuca arundinacea, in April, it had total length of 135.5cm on leaf mold soil, 136.2cm in mixed soil, 109.6cm in forest soil and 103.1cm in merchantable soil. However, it had a gradual decline on mixed soil after having its highest length in August, as many of the individual plants began to decline rapidly from October. Total monthly growth of Ivy was 102.5cm in forest soil, 112.6cm in leaf mold soil, 89.6cm in mixed soil and 83.7cm in merchantable soil in April. Thereafter, its growth continued in the soils in May, June and July. It continued to grow in August, and September with relative favorability order as follows: forest soils, mixed soils, and merchantable soils. However, after October, only the stem survived until March. In the soils, there were differences in growth rate in the following order: forest soil, mixed soil, merchantable soil and leaf mold soil.

- Following the monthly investigation on the growth of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya plants according to the soil treatments, its growth rate showed an increase with 21.5cm in the soils 50% microorganism, 14cm in the untreated soils and 9.6cm in the soils 100% microorganism treatment in April. Up till July, soils 50% microorganism treatment had better growth than soils 100% treatment, after which, some individuals started to decline due to the increase of temperature in summer. On the other hand, it continued to grow in soils 100% treatment, as its population increased until August and September, and began to decline from October. In September, the growth rate of Dianthus barbatus decreased in the following order order: 26cm on soils 100% treatment, 16.7cm on soils 50% treatment, and 5cm on untreated soils.

- In April, Dianthus barbatus had total length of 52cm in total with 30cm in soils 100% microorganism treatment, 14cm in soils with 50% treatment, and 0cm in untreated soils. In September, its growth in soils 100% was 142cm, 95.1cm in soils 50% treatment, and 93.3cm in the control. After October, the growth was stopped, leaves began to fall and it survived only until March. The growth of Dianthus barbatus was affected by soil microorganisms treatment in the order of soil 100% treatment, soil 50% treatment, and untreated soils.

- In April, Festuca arundinacea had 205cm in soils 100% treatment, 156.8cm in soils 50% treatment, and 122.6cm in untreated soils. It showed the greatest growth in May, June, and July. Growth in July was 456cm in soils 100% treatment, 407cm in soils 50% treatment, and 253cm for untreated soils. After which, its growth slowed down as many individuals started to decline due to the rise in summer temperature. Relatively, the growth rate gradually decreased in the following order: soils 100% treatment, soil 50% treatment and untreated soil.

- In April, the total length of Ivy was 169.1cm in soils 100% microorganism treatment, 116.6cm in untreated soils, and 102.8cm in soils 50% treatment. The initial growth was better in other soils than in soils 50% treatment. It continued to grow in May, June, July, August, and September. However, after October, its growth stopped. The growth of Ivy according to soil treatment showed that there was a difference in growth as follows: 334cm in soils 100% treatment, 305cm in soils 50% treatment, and 273cm in untreated soils in September.

- Plant growth according to the soil type and soil treatment was significantly influenced by the microorganism treatments. In particular, there was a difference in the growth of plants depending on the seed, soil type and soil treatment. Thus, there is need for careful selection of the type of seeds and soil type to be used. It is imperative to develop a new revegetation method and soil improvement strategies to enhance slope stability, via treating soils with beneficial microorganisms and root treatment.

- The monthly coverage of cultivated soil in April was 23.75% for Leaf mold soil, 12% for mixed soil, 9.5% for merchantable soil and 8.75% for forest soil. The growth in Leaf mold soil continued to increase until July. In mixed soils, it continued to increase until August, with some individual plants declining by September. The merchantable soils were good from June to July, but declined from July, and from August, forest soils showed higher coverage, but after that they showed a similar decline.

- The monthly coverage by soil treatment was 20.75% for soils 100% microorganism treatment, 19% for soils 50% treatment, and 14.25% for untreated soils in April. Growth increased continuously in soils 100% treatment until August. Some individual plants began to decline from September. Soils 50% treatment showed rapid growth until May, with increase in coverage rate. From June to August, it showed a moderate increase. From September, the coverage rate started to decrease sharply. Untreated soils had a decline in growth until July, and the decline continued in August and gradually decre ased afterwards. Particularly, soil 100% microbial treatment and soils 50% treatment showed a higher coverage rate than untreated soils.

- As a result of land use surveying on the status of 50 sites in Gyeongnam area, Korea which were recently restored, the sites have been divided into four land uses namely public area, park, pond and forest area. In the public area, effective use was observed in 7 industrial sites, 2 golf courses, school sites, agriculture facilities in elderly hospitals, and 4 other facilities. The park consists of 4 places including Sculpture Park (Buddha image), Waterfall Park, Lake Park, rock wall, 4 sports parks, forest parks, nursery plants parks and cultural art parks. The reservoirs were general reservoirs and two reservoirs for forest fire evolution. 25 Forest sites were surveyed for general recovery and 2 photovoltaic facilities.

- Maintenance and management of the development area of the Shishan Development Area will be completed using the survey data and construction sketch. When inspecting the slope by describing the necessary items such as the location, the protection method, and the type of countermeasure method, the slope should be prepared for unexpected landslides and maintenance should be carried out in advance. Especially during the rainy season, it is necessary to carry out intensive inspection from time to time, and to maintain and manage it in May before the rainy season and in October after the rainy season.

- The use of the Ecology Restoration Manual of the Seosan Development Area can effectively prevent disasters via restoration and making the area environmentally friendly so that the durability, stability, and functionality of the structures are not affected by functionally and visually harmonizing the damaged forest area with the existing topography, as well as the various facilities and structures within the site. This manual was prepared for the purpose of enhancing the biodiversity by rationally restoring the forest area damaged by the mountainous development and promoting the healthy development of forest resources and various public interest functions.

Part2
◎1year
- Obtaining lists of plant for restoration by literature and field studies
- Establishment of system for histological tests
- Establishment of system for screening drought tolerant plant using osmotic agents
- Dianthus chinensis and Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum were selected as drought tolerant plants

◎2year
- Screening Lespedeza cuneata, Ulmus parvifolia, Kummerowia striata, Arundinella hirta, Carpesium divaricatum, which are tolerant to drought, using metabolic features, growth and transpiration under drought condition
- Establishment of in vitro culture conditions for multiplication of Lespedeza cuneata, Arundinella hirta, Rumex crispus, Melandryum firmum, Kummerowia striata
- Confirmation of possibilities of the screened plants for field trial

◎3year
- Scilla scilloides, Commelina communis, Quercus variabilis, Angelica gigas, Hemerocallis fulva, Zelkova serrata, Bupleurum latissimum, Hosta plantaginea, Iris dichotoma were screened as drought tolerant plants.
- Saussurea pulchella, Rumex crispus, Lespedeza cuneata showed higher coverage ratio in the field test. 의
- Establishment method for screening thermo-tolerant plants using electrolyte leakage test

◎4year
- Scilla scilloides, Hemerocallis fulva, Hosta plantaginea, Hosta longipes, Commelina communis, Aster koraiensis, Quercus glauca, Quercus phillyraeoides, Camellia sinensis, and Neolitsea sericea were screened as thermo-tolerant plants
- Scilla scilloides, Hemerocallis fulva, Commelina communis, Aster koraiensis were successfully adapted in the field test

◎5year
- Establishment of screening condition for tolerant plants to dual stress of heat and drought (Grown without watering foe 2 weeks and treated with 45℃)
- Scilla scilloides, Hemerocallis fulva, Hosta plantaginea, Hosta longipes, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Platycodon grandiflorum, Leonurus japonicus, Dianthus chinensis, Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus chinensis. var. senperflorens, Quercus myrsinaefolia, Quercus glauca, Quercus phillyraeoides, Camellia sinensis, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Ternstroemia japonica were screened as tolerant plants to dual stress of heat and drought
- Resistance and fast recovery abilities were shown in the screened plants
- Scilla scilloides, Hemerocallis fulva, Dianthus chinensis, Dianthus barbatus, Hosta plantaginea, Hosta longipes, Quercus myrsinaefolia, Quercus glauca, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Camellia sinensis showed higher survival rates in tests for field trial.
- The selected cold tolerance was carried out on some of selected plant tolerant to heat and drought. I. cornuta, H. plantaginea, C. sinensis were shown relatively high.

Expected Contribution
Part1
- The development of vertical holes on rock slopes in quarry areas can enhance plant growth, promoting the improvement of the quarry landscape such as improving slope stability
- The development of new revegetation methods contributes to increase in biological diversity through early recovery and restoration of rock slopes in quarry areas
- Related institutions should contribute to the development of ecological restoration by fostering and strengthening professional collaboration with the different stakeholders
- The new technology developed from this research proves that it is possible to promote knowledge development and dissemination, via evaluating the economic effects of technology, and by transferring this technology to restore rock slopes in abandoned quarries as well as contributing in knowledge development in related disciplines.

Part2
◎1 year
- Replacing introduced plant species to native by developing multiplication methods
- Breeding more advanced plants in tolerance to environmental stress
◎2 year
- Replacing introduced plant species to native by developing multiplication methods
- Ecological restoration plant selection technology using biochemical factors as biomarkers
◎3 year
- Vitalizing industry for ecological restoration by developing plants for restoration
- Ecological restoration plant selection technology using biochemical factors as biomarkers
◎4 year
- Additive thermo-tolerant plants using the screening system
- Applying the calorimetric for screening tolerant plants to various environmental stress
- Development Korean native plants for restoring damaged lands
- Promoting prospective forest plants to prepare climate change
◎5 year
- Additive tolerant plants to dual stress of heat and drought using the screening system
- Development Korean native plants for restoring damaged lands
- Promoting prospective forest plants to prepare climate change

(출처 : SUMMARY 29P)

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 연구개발 핵심성과 요약 ... 3
• 제 출 문 ... 5
• 보고서 요약서 ... 7
• 요약문 ... 8
• SUMMARY ... 29
• Contents ... 49
• 목차 ... 50
• 제1장. 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 51
• 1. 연구개발 목적 ... 51
• 2. 연구개발의 필요성 ... 51
• 3. 연구개발 범위 ... 52
• 제2장. 국내외 기술 개발 현황 ... 53
• 제3장. 연구 수행 내용 및 성과 ... 57
• 1핵심 1세부 ... 55
• 1핵심 2세부 ... 291
• 2핵심 1세부 ... 599
• 2핵심2세부 ... 676
• 3핵심 1세부 ... 748
• 3핵심2세부 ... 1047
• 4핵심 1세부 ... 1078
• 4핵심 2세부 ... 1307
• 4핵심 3세부 ... 1377
• 제4장. 목표 달성도 및 관련 분야 기여도 ... 2306
• 1. 목표 달성도 ... 2306
• 2. 관련 분야 기여도 ... 2310
• 제5장. 연구개발성과의 활용계획 ... 2311
• 제6장. 연구 과정에서 수집한 해외 과학기술 정보 ... 2311
• 제7장. 연구개발성과의 보안등급 ... 2313
• 제8장. 국가과학기술종합정보시스템에 등록한 연구시설·장비 현황 ... 2313
• 제9장. 연구개발과제 수행에 따른 연구실 등의 안전 조치 이행 실적 ... 2314
• 제10장. 연구개발과제의 대표적 연구 실적 ... 2317
• 제11장. 기타 사항 ... 2318
• 제12장. 참고 문헌 ... 2318
• 끝페이지 ... 2323