최적관리기법 기반의 비점오염원 관리를 통하여 농촌하천 환경을 개선함으로써 농업과 환경이 조하를 이루는 녹색하천 조성과 생태효율성(Ecological Efficiency) 기반의 녹색성장 선도 기술을 마련하기 위하여 2010년부터 2015년까지 6년간 수행예정인 농촌 지역 비점오염원 삭감효과 정량화 연구의 2차년도(2011년) 사업의 연구 실적을 다음과 같이 요약하였다. 〇 밭의 최적영농관리기법(BMPs)에 대한 국내·외의 연구 사례를 조사하여, 본 연구에 적 용이 가능한 농법들을 취합하였다. 또한 국내·외의 구조적 저감시설의
최적관리기법 기반의 비점오염원 관리를 통하여 농촌하천 환경을 개선함으로써 농업과 환경이 조하를 이루는 녹색하천 조성과 생태효율성(Ecological Efficiency) 기반의 녹색성장 선도 기술을 마련하기 위하여 2010년부터 2015년까지 6년간 수행예정인 농촌 지역 비점오염원 삭감효과 정량화 연구의 2차년도(2011년) 사업의 연구 실적을 다음과 같이 요약하였다. 〇 밭의 최적영농관리기법(BMPs)에 대한 국내·외의 연구 사례를 조사하여, 본 연구에 적 용이 가능한 농법들을 취합하였다. 또한 국내·외의 구조적 저감시설의 저감효율을 조사하여 취합하였다. 〇 BMPs 효과검증을 위하여 BMP는 무경운(No-till) 농법으로 채택하였으며, 시험포 8개 (3%내외 4개, 8%내외 4개)에서 효과를 조사하였다. 각 경사도별 시험포는 경운, 경운 (침투짚단), 무경운 2개로 실험처리를 하였으며, 작물은 들깨를 이용하였다. 모니터링 결과 무경운 농법을 사용할 경우 관행(경운) 농법대비 유출율과 비점오염물질이 저감이 가능하였으며, 침투짚단도 일부 저감효과가 있었다. 또한 차년도 BMPs 적용을 위한 겨울 피복작물(밀)을 파종하여 재배하고 있다. 〇 평지밭에서 콩을 재배하면서 2년간 모니터링 한 자료(2008~2009년)와 볏짚거적으로 지표를 피복하고 모니터링 한 자료(2010~2011년)를 비교·분석하여 지표피복재의 비구조적 삭감효과를 조사하였다. 또한 ‘작물 잔재물 지표피복 최적관리방법 지침서’ 초안을 작성하였다. 논에서는 시비(화학비료, 퇴비, 액비)의 종류에 따른 비구조적 삭감량을 산정하였다. 〇 BMPs 효과 검증을 위하여 별미천 유역에 계측장비를 설치하고 보정을 위한 수질·수 문 모니터링을 수행하였다. 또한 구축된 HSPF 모델에 지표피복 시나리오를 적용하여 유출율 및 비점오염 저감효과를 분석하였다. 〇 농업지역 비점오염 저감을 위한 비구조적 방안의 제도화를 위하여 농촌지역에 적용 되는 각종 환경관련 제도 등을 고찰하고 이를 바탕으로 농업지역 비점오염원 관리를 위한 제도개선 방안에 대한 시사점 도출하였다. 또한 비점오염원 저감을 위한 국외의 각종 제도를 분석하고 이를 통해 우리나라의 특성을 반영한 제도화 가능여부 분석과 제도개선을 위한 시사점 도출하였으며, 구조적 및 비구조적 BMPs의 연계방안을 제시하였다.
(출처 : 보고서 초록 302p)
Abstract▼
IV. Results
Section 1. Appropriate BMP selection 1. Literature reviews and case studies Environment friendly agricultural management practices that were developed by and transferred through Korea Rural Administration (RDA) and local extension services were surveyed and described in the
IV. Results
Section 1. Appropriate BMP selection 1. Literature reviews and case studies Environment friendly agricultural management practices that were developed by and transferred through Korea Rural Administration (RDA) and local extension services were surveyed and described in the report. For foreign literature reviews, USDA and US EPA policies and incentive system was introduced. Also other interested papers and documents were briefly described.
2. Reduction efficiency of non-point pollution reducing facilities Reduction efficiency of non-point pollution reducing facilities that did set up by Ministry of Environment (MOE) described in the report. For foreign examples, internet web site (www.bmpdatabase.org) was introduced.
Section 2. NPS reduction efficiency of best management practices(BMP) 1. NPS reduction efficiency of BMP application field plot Eight field experimental plots 5x30 m in size on a loamy sand upland field were built in 2010. Each plot equipped with a sediment trap and a flume to measure sediment and runoff during runoff-rainfall events. Four of them has 3% slope and the rest has 8% slope. For the respective slope, three experimental treatments (conventional tillage(control), conventional tillage with infiltration rice straw bundle and two no-till) were applied. A variety of winter barley and wild sesame were cultivated in a row. Runoff and water quality were monitored and NPS pollution loads were estimated. Monitoring was conducted under natural and simulated rainfall conditions. Table 2 shows the NPS pollution loads and reduction rate of the treatments. Average NPS pollution load (organic matters) of no-till plots reduced by 20~65% compared to conventional tillage plots. Also TN and TP loads decreased. Rainfall simulation was performed 3 times. Table 3 and Table 4 shows the initial runoff time and sediment discharge of the treatments under rainfall simulation. The initial runoff time of no-till plot was delayed about 65~90% compared to that of conventional tillage plots. And sediment discharge reduced to 55%. At 3% slope, the sediment discharge was not occurred. Table 5 shows the runoff and reduction rate of the wild sesame cultivation under 30 mm/hr rainfall condition. And Table 6 shows NPS pollution load and reduction rate as to experimental treatments. The no-till and convention+rice straw bundle methods has a great possibility of reducing runoff and NPS pollution loads. The average NPS pollution loads of the no-till plots and conventional tillage + rice straw bundle plot reduced by 55~75% and 2.1~40.8% compared to those of the conventional tillage plots, respectively. And a winter wheat variety is being cultivated for the research in 2012.
2. NPS reduction efficiency of a rice straw mat cover BMP A 1,293 m² sandy soil field was covered with rice straw mats, soybean cultivated, runoff and water quality measured, and NPS pollution loads were computed. The slope of the plot was about 3%. Table 7 shows that the rice straw mat cover BMP has a great possibility of reducing agricultural NPS pollution loads During the 2 years of 2008 and 2009, 20 rainfall runoff events were monitored. But in 2010, only 2 rainfall runoff events could be monitored. And in 2011, 10 rainfall runoff events was monitored. It was because the mat cover enhanced infiltration and reduce runoff in 2010 and 2011. Average NPS pollution load (organic matters) of the straw mat covered field (2010~2011) was reduced by 61.1~74.3% compared to that of conventional field (2008~2009). And NPS pollution load of TN and TP reduced by 32.4% and 43.2%, respectively. Especially, SS pollution load reduced by 95.9%. Based on the results, rice straw mat cover was considered as a promising BMP to reduce NPS pollution load. However, it was recommended that the results are limited to the field conditions and the same experiments must be performed on different soil textures, slopes, and crops if it is applied to the development of policies.
3. NPS reduction efficiency of paddy plots Six 5x15 m experimental plots were constructed on an existing paddy field. The soil texture was sandy loam. Each plots equipped with a flow meter and a flume to measure runoff. A Ohdae rice (a Japonica variety) was cultivated. Two treatments (live stocks waste compost, liquid pig compost) and a control treatment were applied. Runoff and water quality were were monitored and analyzed. Tables 8 shows the reduction rates of NPS pollution loads of the control (conventional) and treated plots. NPS pollution loads of liquid compost plot reduced by 5.6~26.6% compared to that of conventional plots. And NPS pollution reduction of live stock compost plot was ranged between 1.2% and 13.4% compared to that of conventional plots. NPS reduction by the application of animal wastes was not large.
Section 3. Modeling and effect evaluation by applying BMPs scenario We chose to study watershed (Bylmichon) to estimate the non-point source pollution loads and to identify the effect of reduction at agricultural small watershed. And we setup hydrology monitoring system(hydrology and water-quality). To test the BMPs scenario of Gangwon National University, the Bylmichon small watershed (1.21km²) was analyzed as the runoff ratio and reduction effect of non-point source pollution loads. The HSPF model was prepared for Bylmichon watershed and as the next step, the BMPs scenario by applying to straw mat land cover was evaluated in the agricultural land. When reduction of runoff was 10% equal to BMP3 (INFLIT parameter 16.0), the reduction effect of non-point source pollution loads were 87.2, 61.0, and 85.2 %. The results of this study provided a new BMPs scenario for agricultural fields and we identified suitable BMPs parameter for straw mat land cover scenario. Also, this study expected the basic data of BMPs scenario.
Section 4. Institutionalization method of non-structural program for agricultural NPS pollution reduction Current year (2011) we investigated a various environment-related systems that were applied to the rural areas domestically and internationally. And based on this information analysis, we derived a implications for program improvement for the management of agricultural NPS. Also foreign research data was reviewed thoroughly. These information was used for the preparation of policy recommendation for the adoption and implementation of structural and non-structural BMPs. Detailed information was described in the report.
(출처 : SUMMARY 37p)
목차 Contents
표지 ... 1
제출문 ... 2
요약문 ... 3
SUMMARY ... 34
CONTENTS ... 44
목차 ... 46
표목차 ... 48
그림목차 ... 52
제1장 서론 ... 54
제1절 조사 연구의 목적과 필요성 ... 54
제2절 당해연도 조사연구의 범위 ... 55
제2장 연구 내용 및 방법 ... 56
제1절 현황분석을 통한 적정 BMP 선정 ... 56
1. 국내·외(미국)의 BMP 조사 및 적용 가능한 BMP 선정 ... 56
2. 비점오염 저감시설의 효율 조사 ... 56
제2절 최적영농관리기법(BMPs)별 효율 검증 조사 및 실험 ... 56
1. BMPs 적용 시험포 ... 56
2. 지표피복 시험포 ... 61
3. 논 시험포 ... 63
제3절 시험포의 연구결과를 반영한 유역의 비점오염 저감율 모델링 및 효과평가 ... 66
1. 시험유역의 모델링을 위한 자료구축 및 모니터링 지점 선정 ... 66
2. 현장 계측장비 설치 및 모니터링 지점 수문, 수질자료 측정 ... 66
3. BMPs 시나리오를 적용한 유역 모델링 ... 66
제4절 농업지역 비점오염 저감을 위한 비구조적 방안의 제도화 연구 방법 ... 67
1. 연구 내용 ... 67
2. 연구 방법 ... 67
제3장 연구수행 결과 ... 69
제1절 현황분석을 통한 적정 BMP 선정 ... 69
1. 국내·외(미국)의 BMP 조사 및 적용 가능한 BMP 선정 ... 69
2. 비점오염 저감시설의 효율 조사 ... 84
제2절 최적영농관리기법(BMPs)별 효율 검증 조사 및 실험 ... 92
1. BMPs 적용 시험포 ... 92
2. 지표피복 시험포 ... 118
3. 논 시험포 ... 126
제3절 시험포의 연구결과를 반영한 유역의 비점오염 저감율 모델링 및 효과평가 ... 142
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