초록 ▼

천연폐자원인 폐굴껍질을 소성 가공 처리하여 주 안정화제로 적용하고 가축뼈, 석탄광산 배수 슬러지, 제강슬래그 및 비산재 등을 첨가제로 활용하여 오염토양을 안정화 처리 후 일정기간 습윤양생 시켜 안정화효율을 평가함.
Lab 규모 실험을 통하여 새로운 안정화제의 최적 조건을 도출하여 현장오염토양에 적용하여 안정화 효율을 평가함. 소성가공한 폐굴껍질의 입경은 -#20mesh 정도가 적당하고 자연 조건 보다 더 효과적이었으며, 가축뼈와 혼합이용 시 전체 함량 10wt% 미만으로도 현저한 중금속 용출저감 효과를 얻을 수 있었음. 또한

천연폐자원인 폐굴껍질을 소성 가공 처리하여 주 안정화제로 적용하고 가축뼈, 석탄광산 배수 슬러지, 제강슬래그 및 비산재 등을 첨가제로 활용하여 오염토양을 안정화 처리 후 일정기간 습윤양생 시켜 안정화효율을 평가함.
Lab 규모 실험을 통하여 새로운 안정화제의 최적 조건을 도출하여 현장오염토양에 적용하여 안정화 효율을 평가함. 소성가공한 폐굴껍질의 입경은 -#20mesh 정도가 적당하고 자연 조건 보다 더 효과적이었으며, 가축뼈와 혼합이용 시 전체 함량 10wt% 미만으로도 현저한 중금속 용출저감 효과를 얻을 수 있었음. 또한 15wt%의 소성가공 폐굴껍질을 주 안정화제로 하고 5wt%의 다른 첨가제의 조합은 모든 오염토양에서 현저한 비소 및 중금속 용출 저감 효과를 보임. 실내실험의 경우 안정화 반응 속도가 빨랐으며 현장오염토양 적용 시 7일 이상의 양생기간에서 효과적인 안정화가 도출됨. 따라서 개발된 소성가공 폐굴껍질의 안정화 효율은 탁월하고 환경 친화적이며 국외로 수출 시 고부가가치 상품으로 사업화를 추진하기 위해 지속적인 연구를 진행하고자 함

(출처 : 보고서 초록 3p)

Abstract ▼

In this study, a stabilization process was applied to As and heavy metal(Pb, Cu) contaminated soils. Novel stabilizing agents were developed using natural waste. The main natural stabilizing agent was made of natural oyster shells (NOS). Also, other stabilizing agents such as waste cow bones, coal m

In this study, a stabilization process was applied to As and heavy metal(Pb, Cu) contaminated soils. Novel stabilizing agents were developed using natural waste. The main natural stabilizing agent was made of natural oyster shells (NOS). Also, other stabilizing agents such as waste cow bones, coal mine drainage sludge(CMDS), fly ash(FA) and steel slag(SSG) were utilized as minor stabilizing agents. The natural oyster shells were pretreated to activate quicklime from calcite at a high temperature because of its high effectiveness for the stabilization of heavy metals. The calcination process was performed at 900 °C for 2hours and the effective transformation of calcite to quicklime was confirmed using X-ray diffraction(XRD) analyses. The different particle sizes of calcinated oyster shells (COS), in relatation to the effectiveness of the stabilization process were investigated. Curing periods of 3montiis following treatment were investigated. The research results showed that COS treatments were very effective in the immobilization of As and heavy metals(Pb, Cu) in the contaminated soils. Moreover, As and heavy metal immobilization was more effective with COS treatments than with NOS treatments. This indicated that effective treatment results could be obtained utilizing lower dosages of COS than NOS. Also, both NOS and COS materials finer than #20 were more effective than the #10 material in reducing As and heavy metal leachability. It was very difficult to generate materials smaller than the #20 mesh so that -#20 materials are reasonable with respect to particle size in terms of both effectiveness of stabilization and cost for the generation of COS. The effectiveness of the treatment, with respect to Pb immobilization included a decrease of Pb leachability from 7,638 mg/kg with 0.1N HC1 extraction fluid to less than 100mg/kg, with a combination of 5 wt% COS and 3wt% WCB. In this case, the total contents of both COS and WCB was less than 10wt%. The combination of COS and WCB provided better results than the individual treatment of only COS or WCB. Similar to Pb immobilization, a significant reduction of Cu leachability was attained. Specifically, the Cu leachability of 379mg/kg was reduced to less than 50mg/kg upon the same treatment of both COS and WCB, after 90days of curing. This indicated that both Pb and Cu immobilization could be achieved with less than 10wt% combination of both COS and WCB depends on the total concentrations of Pb and Cu. Moreover, the results from the samples treated with a higher content of COS outperformed the results of the samples treated with a higher content of WCB. In the case of As immobilization, the sample results for an As leachability of 318mg/kg with the IN HC1 extraction fluid were reduced to less than 25 mg/kg upon 20wt% COS treatment, after 28 days of curing. The combination of COS and WCB was not effective in reducing As leachability due to phosphorus content. However, the negative effects of phosphorus can be minimized when high concentrations of COS are used. For the other case, when As leachability results of 66.5 mg/kg were obtained with the 1N HC1 extraction fluid, the combination of 15wt% COS and 5wt% steel slag was successful in reducing As leachability less than 25mg/kg, after 28days of curing. This indicated that due to a strong acidic condition upon 1N HC1 extraction, a high concentration of COS was needed for the buffering capacity of the liquid to be consumed.
For the small scale-pilot study, a various combination of stabilizing agents using CaO, COS, CMDS and WCB was used. For the evaluation of the effectiveness of the stabilization process, the 0.1N HC1 extraction fluid was applied to evaluate Pb and Cu leachability while the 1N HC1 extraction fluid was applied to evaluate As leachability. The Pb leachability of 3170mg/kg, without treatment, were not significantly reduced upon various treatments, after 7days of curing. However, Pb leachability was drastically reduced to less than 10mg/kg upon all of the treatments, after 28days and 3montiis of curing. Similarly, the Cu leachability of 158 mg/kg in the control sample were not significantly reduced, after 7days of curing. However, a drastic reduction of Cu leachability was attained upon all of the treatments, after 28days and 3montiis of curing. This indicated that 7days of curing were not sufficient to provide full hydration in the field samples and the process might need longer curing periods. For the case of As leachability, no significant reduction of As leachability was observed, after 7days of curing. However, As leachability of 370mg/kg in the control samples were reduced to less than 100mg/kg, after 28 days of curing periods.
In order to investigate the mechanism responsible for the Pb, Cu and As immobilization, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX) analyses were conducted. SEM-EDX dot mapping results showed that Pb and Cu immobilization was strongly associated with Ca, Al and Si upon COS treatment. This indicated that pozzolanic reaction products(CSHs, CAHs, etc) are strongly associated with effective Pb immobilization. For As immobilization, Ca-As precipitates were the main phase responsible for effective As immobilization.
Overall, a novel stabilizing agent was developed using COS to effectively stabilize As and heavy metal contaminated soil. A bench scale and small pilot scale study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the stabilization process using a novel stabilizing agent. It could be concluded that the COS-WCB treatment was very effective at immobilizing Pb and Cu while the COS-CMDS and COS-SSG treatments were very effective for the immobilization of As and other heavy metals in the contaminated soil. Therefore, COS could be a cost effective main stabilizing agent

(출처 : SUMMARY 7p)

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 보고서 초록 ... 3
• 요약문 ... 4
• SUMMARY ... 7
• CONTENTS ... 10
• 목차 ... 13
• 표목차 ... 16
• 그림목차 ... 18
• 요약어 ... 23
• 제1장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 24
• 제1절 연구개발의 필요성 ... 26
• 1. 국내 환경시장 및 토양정화시장 규모의 성장 ... 26
• 2. 중금속 오염토양 정화기술 검토 ... 26
• 3. 안정화/고형화 기술의 국내외 현황 ... 27
• 제2절 연구개발의 최종목표 ... 30
• 1. 연구개발의 최종목표 ... 30
• 2. 연차별 추진체계 ... 31
• 3. 연구개발 대상기술의 차별성 ... 32
• 제3절 연구개발의 중요성 ... 34
• 1. 기술개발의 중요성 ... 34
• 2. 환경·사회·경제적 측면에서의 중요성 ... 35
• 제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 36
• 제1절 국외 기술개발 수준 ... 38
• 1. 비소로 오염된 토양의 안정화/고형화 ... 38
• 2. 납과 구리로 오염된 토양의 안정화/고형화 ... 39
• 제2절 국내수준 ... 41
• 1. 폐굴껍질을 안정화제로 이용한 중금속 오염토양 안정화 국내기술 ... 41
• 2. 중금속 오염토양 안정화 효율성을 향상 시킬 수 있는 첨가제의 활용 ... 42
• 제3절 국내·외의 연구현황 ... 43
• 1. 국외 사례 ... 43
• 2. 국내 사례 ... 44
• 3. 연구기관의 관련기술 보유현황 ... 45
• 제3장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 46
• 제1절 이론적 고찰 ... 48
• 1. 안정화/고형화 공정의 결합체와 주요 기작 ... 48
• 2. 천연폐자원을 이용한 안정화제와 안정화 기작 ... 54
• 제2절 연구내용 ... 60
• 1. 1차년도 연구내용 ... 60
• 2. 2차년도 연구내용 ... 62
• 제3절 실험방법 ... 66
• 1. 토양채취 및 분류 ... 66
• 2. 토양 용출시험 방법 ... 70
• 3. 폐자원을 이용한 안정화제 제작 ... 73
• 4. 안정화처리 ... 76
• 5. 소규모 현장 파일럿(Pilot) 실증 ... 90
• 6. 각종 용출시험법을 이용한 안정화 효율평가 ... 94
• 제4절 연구 결과 ... 97
• 1. 토양오염도 ... 97
• 2. 오염토양 입도 및 구성성분 분석 ... 99
• 3. 안정화제 제조 및 특성 ... 103
• 제5절 각 안정화제를 이용한 오염토양 안정화 ... 116
• 1. 폐굴껍질을 이용한 오염토양 안정화 ... 116
• 2. 가축뼈의 이용한 오염토양 안정화 ... 127
• 3. 폐굴껍질과 가축뼈 혼합 안정화제를 이용한 오염토양 안정화 ... 140
• 4. 폐굴껍질과 제강슬래그 혼합 안정화제를 이용한 오염토양 안정화 ... 147
• 5. 폐굴껍질과 비산재 혼합 안정화제를 이용한 오염토양 안정화 ... 149
• 6. 폐굴껍질과 CMDS의 혼합 안정화제를 이용한 오염토양 안정화 ... 153
• 7. 현장토양의 안정화 처리 ... 158
• 8. 안정화기작 도출 ... 167
• 9. 각종 용출시험법에 의한 안정화 효율 평가 ... 176
• 10. 안정화 공정의 표준화 및 기술 매뉴얼(manual) 작성 ... 187
• 11. 결론 ... 189
• 제4장 목표 달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 190
• 제1절 목표달성도 ... 192
• 1. 최종목표 대비 연구개발 실적 ... 192
• 2. 연차별 연구내용(계획) 대비 실적 ... 192
• 제2절 연구실적 ... 193
• 1. 논문게재 실적 ... 193
• 2. 학회발표 ... 194
• 제3절 지적재산권 출원·등록 실적 ... 194
• 제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 196
• 제1절 추가연구의 필요성 ... 198
• 제2절 기업화 추진방안 ... 198
• 제3절 연구개발결과의 활용방안 ... 199
• 1. 비소 및 중금속 오염토양 정화분야에 있어서 대표적 현장적용 기술로 활용 ... 199
• 2. 천연폐자원의 재활용 ... 199
• 3. 정화토양의 재이용 측면의 안정화 ... 199
• 제4절 기대성과 ... 200
• 1. 기술적 측면 ... 200
• 2. 환경적 측면 ... 200
• 3. 경제적·산업적 측면 ... 201
• 제5절 사업화계획 및 효과 ... 202
• 1. 사업화계획 ... 202
• 2. 무역수지 개선효과 ... 202
• 제6장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 204
• 제7장 참고문헌 ... 222
• 끝페이지 ... 228