초록 ▼

조선시대는 측우기 발명 등 세계 최초의 정량적 우량관측망과 함께 각종 기후 관측자료에 대한 장기 기록물을 갖고 있다. 특히 조선왕조실록은 방대한 기후자료가 포함되어 있고, 각사등록은 지방에서 관측된 측우기 자료 등 매우 귀중한 자료를 담고 있다. 이 연구에서는 과거 한국기상기후 아카데미에서 단년도 사업으로 3년간에 걸쳐 수행한 기후자료 복원사업의 계속사업으로 조선왕조실록 태조부터 세종까지 4개 왕대에 대한 기후자료와 각사등록 3개도(경상도, 전라도, 충청도)에 대한 측우기/우택 등 우량자료 중심의 기후자료 복원연구를 수행하였다. 조

조선시대는 측우기 발명 등 세계 최초의 정량적 우량관측망과 함께 각종 기후 관측자료에 대한 장기 기록물을 갖고 있다. 특히 조선왕조실록은 방대한 기후자료가 포함되어 있고, 각사등록은 지방에서 관측된 측우기 자료 등 매우 귀중한 자료를 담고 있다. 이 연구에서는 과거 한국기상기후 아카데미에서 단년도 사업으로 3년간에 걸쳐 수행한 기후자료 복원사업의 계속사업으로 조선왕조실록 태조부터 세종까지 4개 왕대에 대한 기후자료와 각사등록 3개도(경상도, 전라도, 충청도)에 대한 측우기/우택 등 우량자료 중심의 기후자료 복원연구를 수행하였다. 조선왕조실록의 경우자료 추출, 역주 후 자료집을 편찬하고, 기상, 기후, 지변, 재해, 천문, 재이상서 등 6개 요소로 대분류하고 통계분석 및 DB화 하였으며, 각사등록의 경우는 측우기 우량자료 및 농사계절, 기후자료를 중심으로 자료를 복원하고 자료집 편찬 및 우량 변동패턴 분석 등을 수행하였다. 이번 연구를 통해 조선왕조실록 태조부터 성종까지 9개 왕대에 대한 연구를 마쳤으며, 각사등록은 일단 조선 8도에 대한 복원이 이루어졌다. 향후 조선왕조실록에 대한 지속적인 연구가 이루어져야 하며, 각사등록의 경우 과거 선행되었던 5개도에 대한 원문 수록 및 복원된 우량자료 재분석 등 보완 연구가 필요하다.

( 출처: 보고서 요약서 4p )

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Results (2013-2015)
4.1 Climate data restored from Gaksa Deungnok
○ Period of Records in Gaksa Deungnok and Gongmunpyeonan (Compilation of Official Documents, 公文編案)
As for Gyeongsang-do Province, climate data from 1847 to 1902 are held in "Gyeongsang-gamnyeong-gyerok (慶尙監營啓錄)" (4 years o

Ⅳ. Results (2013-2015)
4.1 Climate data restored from Gaksa Deungnok
○ Period of Records in Gaksa Deungnok and Gongmunpyeonan (Compilation of Official Documents, 公文編案)
As for Gyeongsang-do Province, climate data from 1847 to 1902 are held in "Gyeongsang-gamnyeong-gyerok (慶尙監營啓錄)" (4 years of data out of 10 years from 1863 to 1902), "Tongjeyeong-gyerok (統制營啓錄)"(2 years of data out of 20 years from 1847 to 1890) and "Gongmunpyeonan(公文編案)" (data from 1897, 1898 and 1900). By region, there are 13 years, 3 years and 20 years of data on Daegu, Jinju and Goseong, respectively; there are only six, three and two year data on climate including Chugugi data for each region, respectively. As for Jeolla-do Province, 17 years of data from 1829 to 1897 in Jeonju were kept in "Jeolla-gamsa-gyerok (全羅監司啓錄)" (12 years from 1829 to 1889), " Honam-gyerok (湖南啓錄)" (8 years from 1876 to 1887),and "Gongmunpyeonan (公文編案)" (1897); out 17 years of data, 15 years of climate data including Chugugi data were recorded. As for Chungcheong-do Province, 21 years of data from 1835 to 1900 in Gongju were kept in "Chungcheongdo-gamyeong-janggyedeungnok (忠淸道監營狀啓謄錄)" and "Gongmunpyeonan (公文編案)" (1896, 1897, 1898 and 1900); out 24 years of data, 21 years of climate data including Chugugi data were recorded.

○ Rainfall observation network during the Joseon Dynasty
From the early days of the Joseon Dynasty, rainfall started to be measured by assessing the amount rain fell in the plains and gauging the depth of wet soil called Wootaek. With the introduction of Chugugi, which was designed by King Munjong during his crown prince days, rainfall begun to be scientifically measured by a meteorological instrument. When a nationwide Chugugi network was established in 1442, there were as many as 350 Chugugi observation stations throughout the nation. However,when the observation with Chugugi was resumed by King Yeongjo in 1770, after the Japanese invasions of Korea, the number of stations reduced to 14, located in Changdeokgung Palace, Gyeonghuigung Palace, two Gwansanggam, Kamgyoung in eight provinces, Gaeseong and Ganghwa.
Later, by adding new six stations in Suwon, Gwangju, Goseong, Chuncheon, Jinju and Gyeongseong, a total of number of stations increased to 20 in the late period of the Joseon Dynasty. Wootaek had continuously performed even in small administrative districts such as Bu (district), Gun(county), and Hyeon (prefecture), with 352 stations, as shown in the Fig. 1 below. Accordingly, a total number of rainfall network in the late period of the Joseon Dynasy was 372 throughout the country.

○ Restoration of Chugugi data and analysis of rainfall
Gaksa-deungnok contains rainfall observation data collected by Chugugi and Wootaek and data on farming seasons and climate elements. This study statistically processed and anlyzed rainfall data including Chugugi data; the number of restored Chugugi data was 134, 165 and 374 on Gyeongsang-do Province, Jeolla-do Province and Chungcheong-do Province, respectively. The following shows monthly data(Table 1). An excerpt from edited translation of Gaksa–deungnok /Chuncheong-gamyeonggyerok is as in Fig. 2.


- 1845; the year of Eulsa; 11th year of King Heonjong -
○ July 7 (August 9 by solar calendar); rainfall
In the region under the jurisdiction of Gamyeong, it started to rain on July 4 at around 4 a.m. and drizzled, then stopped at noon. The amount of rainfall measured by Chugugi was reported to be 1 chon and 6 bun . Since July 4, it has rained slightly or heavily, and then it stopped on July 6 at 6 a.m.; the amount of rainfall measured by Chugugi was 7 chon and 1 bun . The total rainfall during this period was 8 chon and 7 bun . From your humble servant perspective, every high, dry area and low-lying wet area is moistened all around; in terms of farming, such timely heavy rainfall was indeed a relief at the time when a drought has been a concern.
However, a rainfall of about 1 cheok has fallen only for two days, which was already beyond the limit, causing concerns about damage to farming. The sky is still covered with dark clouds and drizzle does not stop, indicating further rainfall in the future. Thus, the relief has turned into deep concern. From now on, the rainfall in each village is to be reported immediately. I hereby report as above. (Chungcheong 1-562, 563)

○ 七月初七日
今月初四日寅時量始雨. 至同日午時. 測雨器水深爲一寸六分縁由. 已爲馳啓爲白有在果. 初四日以後. 連爲霏洒. 間或暴霔. 至初六日卯時. 臣營下測雨器水深. 又爲七寸一分. 並計前後. 合爲八寸七兮是白乎所. 列邑形止. 姑無所報. 似縁阻水之致. 而第以臣營下所見言之. 高低原隰. 無不周洽.惜乾之際. 得此霈澤. 言念民事. 誠極多幸是白乎乃. 兩日之間. 近尺之雨. 已渉過中. 恐或有傷稼.而見今陰雲屯結. 霏微不止. 将有更霔之慮. 慰滿之餘. 還切憂悶是白如乎. 向後形止及各邑所得兮數. 鱗次陳文計料. 縁由並爲馳啓爲白臥乎事. 【各司騰錄6 忠淸道篇1 五六二, 五六三】


4.2 Restoration of climate data from Joseon-wangjo-sillok
○ Data extraction from Joseon-wangjo-sillok, footnote insertion and data archiving
The study extracted and restored data on weather, climate, extraordinary geographical phenomenon, natural disaster, astronomy and meteorological ritual, from 230 volumes of Joseon Wangjo Sillok: King Taejo (15 volumes), Jeongjong (6 volumes), Taejong (36 volumes) and Sejong (163 volumes). Attempts to create a basic database was also made for the use of search and statistics. All data were classified into six categories and 60 sub-categories(Table 3), and made into a database.

○ The number of restored data by region
The current status of the number of data restoration by province from the Joseon-Wangjo-Sillok (King Taejo, Jeongjong, Taejong, and Sejong) is as in Table 4.
The data categorized into "others" indicates non-region-specific data, but they can be regarded as the one from Seoul. A total number of restored data is 7,793. By province, Seoul has 4,523, the highest among all regions, followed by Gyeongsang province, Jeolla province, Hwanghae province and Gyeonggi province. The least data was restored on Jeju. By data content, weather event related records were restored the most, followed by disaster, catastrophe, and astronomy.


4.3 Paper submission and presentation(2013-15년도)
＜ 2013 ＞
○ Paper submission
∙ Restoration and analysis of Chugugi Rainfall Data by『Gaksa-deungnok｣』 for Gyeonggi Province during the Latter Part of the Joseon Dynasty(1830-1893). (Atmosphere, Korean Meteorological Society)
∙ Restoration of the Chugugi Rainfall Data from『Gaksa-deungnok』and analysis of Rainfall Pattern for Pyeongyang during 1822-1884.(Collection of dissertations, Korean historical Science Society)
∙ Draughts records and its reality from 1392 to 1418 in Jeoson Dynasty.(Research collections for Korean Studies, Advanced Center for Korean Studies)
∙ Confucian thoughts appearing in an aspect of coping with drought during the Reigns of King Taejong in the Joseon Dynasty-focused on bizarre incidents and understanding of natural disaster regarding drought of The Annals of the King Taejong. (Research collections for Korean Studies, Advanced Center for Korean Studies)

○ Presentation
∙ Restoration and analysis of Chugugi Rainfall Data by『Gaksa-deungnok』 for Gyeonggi Province during the Latter Part of the Joseon Dynasty(1830-1893). (Korean Meteorological Society 10. 17. )
∙ Restoration of historical climatic data in『Gaksa-deungnok』during the Joseon Dynasty (Korean Society of Climate Change Research 11. 28)

＜ 2014년도 ＞
○ Paper submission
∙ Restoration and Analysis of Chugugi Rainfall Data in『Gaksa-deungnok』 for the Gyeongsang-do during the Joseon Dynasty.(Atmosphere, Korean Meteorological Society)
∙ King Sejong's Reacting to Climate and Meteorological Phenomena for Three Years in Periods of the Enthronement of King Sejong.(Research collections for Korean Studies, Advanced Center for Korean Studies)
∙ The reality of the climate and the weather records in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. (Research collections for Korean Studies, Advanced Center for Korean Studies)

○ Presentation
∙ Restoration of Chugugi Rainfall Data in『Gaksa-deungnok』for the Gyeongsang-do during the Joseon Dynasty. (Korean Meteorological Society, 4. 21)
∙ Restoration of Chugugi Rainfall Data in『Gaksa-deungnok』for the Gyeongsang-do during the Joseon Dynasty.(Korean Society of Climate Change Research 6. 20)
∙ Restoration of Chugugi Rainfall Data in『Gaksa-deungnok』during the Joseon Dynasty. (Korean Meteorological Society, 10. 13-15)
∙ The droughts and it react methods in King Taejong period.(Korean Meteorological Society, 10.13-15)

○ Public relations
∙ Introduction on the Gaksa-deungnok』and Chugugi (YTN Science, 3.20)

＜ 2015년도 ＞
○ Paper submission
∙ Historical Review on the introduction of Chugugi and the rainfall observation network during Joseon Dynasty. (Atmosphere, Korean Meteorological Society)
∙ A Study on Park Seosaeng(朴瑞生)’s Academic Foundation and Introduction of a Water Wheel(水車) during King Seojong’s Reign. (Collection of Papers, Donga University)
∙ The reality of the climate and the weather records in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty; focused on drought records during the Reign of King Sejong in Joseon. (Collection of Papers for Korean Study, Advanced Center for Korean Study)

○ Presentation
∙ Restoration of Chugugi Rainfall Data in『Gaksa-deungnok』for the Jeolla-do during the Joseon Dynasty. (Korean Meteorological Society, 4. 20)
∙ Restoration and analysis of Chugugi Rainfall Data in『Gaksa-deungnok』for the Jeolla-do during the Joseon Dynasty. (Korean Society of Climate Change Research, 6. 20)
∙ Restoration of Chugugi Rainfall Data in『Gaksa-deungnok』during the Joseon Dynasty. (Korean Meteorological Society, 10. 13-15)
∙ Historical Review on the introduction of Chugugi and the rainfall observation network during Joseon Dynasty.(Korean Meteorological Society, 10. 12)
∙ Current status of Chugugi Rainfall Data in『Seungjeongwon-ilgi』.(Korean Meteorological Society, 10. 12)

( 출처 : SUMMARY 14p )

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 3
• 보고서 요약서 ... 4
• 요약문 ... 5
• SUMMARY ... 12
• Contents ... 22
• 목차 ... 23
• Ⅰ. 연구사업 개요 ... 24
• 제1장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 24
• 제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 27
• 제3장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 28
• 제4장 연구개발 결과의 활용계획 ... 31
• Ⅱ. 각사등록 기후자료 복원(충청도) ... 32
• 제1장 서 론 ... 32
• 제2장 자료 및 방법 ... 34
• 제3장 각사등록 (충청도) ... 42
• 제4장 강우량 통계표 ... 480
• 부록 ... 564
• Ⅲ. 조선왕조실록 (태조, 정종, 태종) ... 574
• 제1장 서 론 ... 574
• 제2장 자료 및 방법 ... 576
• 제3장 조선왕조실록 (세종 후반기) ... 585
• 제4장 기후 통계표 ... 1104
• 주석 ... 1158
• 부록 : 세종(즉위~32년) 전체 통계 ... 1162
• Ⅳ. 참고문헌 ... 1272
• 끝페이지 ... 1276