[보고서]범부처 융합 이중편파레이더 활용기술 개발

고정석

보고서 정보

주관연구기관

기상레이더센터
Weather Radar Center

연구책임자

고정석

참여연구자

전준모 , 남경엽 , 정성화 , 석미경 , 정성아 , 황지영 , 이선용 , 김준형 , 김현성 , 신윤숙 , 양희준 , 이경민 , 정찬기 , 구지영 , 김지원 , 노미현 , 전준항 , 김정희 , 국봉재 , 장복수 , 김원기 , 권두순 , 김진열 , 이호민 , 손원일 , 박세택 , 오창록 , 황윤재 , 김종역 , 김우석 , 함영웅 , 김세환 , 김영환 , 장은석 , 정종운 , 김지현 , 박상섭 , 송원화 , 이형임 , 안영훈 , 조선아 , 김해림 , 김혜리 , 박상군 , 박종숙 , 모선진 , 박진우 , 안재룡 , 오영아 , 이상미 , 정우미 , 정종훈 , 조인해 , 이정은 , 박창환 , 손명재 , 하민지 , 안현규 , 이다랑 , 김정임

보고서유형

최종보고서

발행국가

대한민국

언어

한국어

발행년월

2016-12

과제시작연도

2016

주관부처

기상청
Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA)

등록번호

TRKO201800035559

과제고유번호

1365002270

사업명

범부처융합이중편파레이더활용기술개발

DB 구축일자

2018-07-21

DOI

https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201800035559

표 Cases for deriving the membership function and weights of the fuzzy logic
표 Optimum membership functions of BRI radar for (a) SD(Z), (b) SD(ZDR), SD (ρHV), SD(ΦDP), and ρHV
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.1 but basic membership function.
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.1 but newly developed membership function.
표 Weighting of the optimum fuzzy membership function
표 Weighting of the basic fuzzy membership function
표 Weighting of the fuzzy memberships for newly develop
표 PPI images of BRI radar reflectivity from (a) optimum membership function and (c) newly developed membership function at 1300 KST 3 Dec 2015
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.4 but for at 1300 KST Dec 2015.
표 Fuzzy membership functions status of WRC.
표 Precipitation events at the dual-polarization radar site
표 Fuzzy quality control based on (a) NoQC, (b) Otimum MF, (c) Basis MF, (d) New MF at 0300 KST 24 Jan 2016
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.6, except for 0600 KST 26 Mar 2015.
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.6, except for 0040 KST 18 Nov 2015
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.6, except for 0130 KST 12 Jul 2015
표 Fuzzy quality control based on (a) NoQC, (b) Basis MF, (c) New MF at 0900 KST 3 Feb 2016
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.10, except for 0200 KST 20 Jan 2016
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.10, except for 1730 KST 13 Feb 2016
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.10, except for 2250 KST 21 Mar 2016
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.10, except for 1600 KST 5 Mar 2016
표 Fuzzy quality control result of radar sites according to membership function
표 BSL dual-polarization 3.09° PPI image
표 Scatter plot of BSL dual-polarization bright band. (a) DZ-ρhv, (b) CZ-ρhv, (c) ZDR-ρhv
표 Reflectivity and cross correlation coefficient of BSL dual-polarization 0.2° PPI at 0420 KST 3 May 2016.
표 Same as Fig.2.1.17. except for 5.8° PPI at 0500 KST 3 May 2016.
표 MYN dual-polarization 4.06° PPI image
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.16, except for MYN dual-polarization radar
표 Same as Fig.2.1.17. except for 4.06° PPI at 0500 KST 3 May 2016.
표 YIT dual-polarization 3.34° PPI image
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.16, except for MYN dual-polarization radar
표 Same as Fig.2.1.17, except for 0.19° PPI at 1910 KST 16 Apr 2016.
표 Same as Fig.2.1.24, except for 3.34° PPI.
표 JNI dual-polarization 4.55° PPI image
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.16, except for JNI dual-polarization radar
표 Reflectivity and cross correlation coefficient of JNI dual-polarization 4.5° PPI at 0250 KST 4 Jua 2016
표 BRI dual-polarization 0.2° PPI at 0910 KST 9 Sep 2016.
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.29 except for JNI dual-polarization 0.0° PPI at 0920 KST 9 Sep 2016
표 Thresholds of ρhv and ZDR according to radar sites
표 MYN dual-polarization 0.0° PPI at 2000 KST 27 May 2016.
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.31 except for JNI dual-polarization 0.0° PPI at 2000 KST 22 Jan 2016.
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.31 except for YIT dual-polarization 0.2° PPI at 1540 KST 1 Oct 2016.
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.31 except for PSN dual-polarization 0.5° PPI at 1400 KST 7 Sep 2016.
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.31 except for KWK dual-polarization 0.5° PPI at 1800 KST 2 Sep 2016
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.31 except for MHS dual-polarization -0.1° PPI at 1420 KST 12 Sep 2016.
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.31 except for SDS dual-polarization -0.1° PPI at 1400 KST 1 Sep 2016
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.31 except for GRS dual-polarization -0.1° PPI at 0200 KST 1 Sep 2016.
표 Comparison of modified algorithms to original  unfolding algorithm
표 Lowest elevations (PPI0) merged rain rate of operational radars on 1340 KST 08 Aug 2015
표 ϕDP of the YIT radar on 1340 KST 08 Aug 2015 (a) before ϕDP unfolding, and (b) after ϕDP unfolding
표 Results for ϕDP unfolding along to the azimuth angle 350° (a) before unfolding, and (b) after unfolding
표 Same as Fig. 2.1.39 except on 1350 KST 03 Jul 2016
표 ϕDP PPI on 1350 KST 03 Jul 2016 (a) NoQC ϕDP, (b) result for applying original ϕDP unfolding algorithm, and (c) result for applying modified ϕDP unfolding
표 Algorithm for ϕDP auto offset
표 ϕDP PPI on YIT 1340 KST 08 Aug 2015 (a) before ϕDP auto offset, and (b)after ϕDP auto offset
표 ϕDP PPI on JNI 1350 KST 03 Jul 2016 (a) before ϕDP auto offset, and (b)after ϕDP auto offset
표 Absolute calibration of reflectivity based on ZH-KDP self-consistency flowchart
표 Calibration bias of reflectivity based on ZH-KDP self-consistency (a) before improvement, and (b) after improvement.
표 Distribution of fall velocity and axis ratio according to the diameter.
표 Time series of the (a) reflectivity by 2DVD(+) and YIT radar(△). Scatter plot of (b) reflectivity from 2DVD and YIT radar on 12 Jul 2015.
표 Calibration bias of differential reflectivity based on ZH-ZDR mean relationship flowchart
표 Vertical mean profile of reflectivity.
표 Same as Fig. 2.2.4 except for differential reflectivity
표 Time series of ZH and ZDR bias based on ZH-KDP self-consistency, ZH-ZDR mean relationship and vertical pointing measurements during April to October 2016.
표 Flow chart of Quality Index variables
표 YIT radar PPI on 1920 KST 21 Dec 2016 (a) reflectivity, and (b)attenuation index
표 Flow chart of beam blocking simulation
표 Results for beam blocking simulation of KMA, MLIT, and KAF radar sites
표 YIT radar PPI (a)QF for precipitation echo on 1420 KST 22 Dec 2016, and (b) QF for non-precipitation echo on 1400 KST 01 Nov 2016
표 BRI radar site rainrate PPI on 1630 KST 21 Dec 2016
표 BRI radar site quality index PPI on 1630 KST 21 Dec 2016 (a) Attenuation index, (b) Beam blocking index, (c) quality index of fuzzy membership function, and (d) quality index for reflectivity
표 Estimating quality index for doppler spectrum width
표 TID algorism of non-precipiration echo flowchart
표 Non-precipiration echo concept
표 JNI dual-polarization 0.0° PPI image at 1200 KST 1 Feb 2016.
표 Same as Fig. 2.3.11 except for MYN dual-polarization 0.0° PPI image at 1940 KST 24 May 2016.
표 Same as Fig. 2.3.11 except for YIT dual-polarization 0.56° PPI image at 1540 KST 1 Oct 2016.
표 Same as Fig. 2.3.11 except for MHS dual-polarization -0.1° PPI image at 0140 KST 30 Jan 2016.
표 Same as Fig. 2.3.11 except for SDS dual-polarization -0.1° PPI image at 1800 KST 29 Sep 2016.
표 Flowchart of quality monitoring program for dual-polarization radar.
표 Box plots of difference between reference and true elevation angles (a, b), difference of azimuth angle between neighboring two rays (c, d), and difference between reference and true azimuth angles (e, f).
표 Box plots of the number of valid fields (a, b), elevation angles (c,d), and rays (e, f).
표 Time series of the area ratio of variable to reflectivity
표 Same as Fig. 2.3.19 except for PSN at 27 Nov 2016.
표 Time series of mean correlation coefficient (a, b) and the area ratio of valid correlation coefficient bin to total bin (c, d).
표 PPI images of the KWK radar at 0.5° elevation angle at 1510 KST 23 Oct 2016 for (a) TXT(DZ), (b) TXT(CZ), and (d) DZ-CZ. (c) Average TXT(Z) (circle) and standard deviations of TXT(Z) (solid line) on sweep: black for DZ and red for CZ.
표 Same as Fig. 2.3.22 except for PSN radar at 1710 KST 26 Nov 2016.
표 (a) Conceptualization of the Vertical Profile of Reflectivity and Structure of Bright Band and (b) Changes on polarimetric variables in melting layer
표 Membership functions for hydrometeor classification of snow, rain and melting snow
표 Range of polarimetric variables for wet snow or bright band
표 Processes of bright band detection method using polarimetric variables
표 Vertical profile of the reflectivity(a) and bright band structure on the curvature (b) with governed equations
표 Average vertical profile of reflectivity with detected average bright band heights for 113 stratiform precipitation occurred Spring and Summer 2016 for operating dual-polarization radars
표 Distribution of ZH for the detected bright band using vertical profile of reflectivity for 113 stratiform precipitation cases
표 Detected bright band and comparative data on 0400 KST 18 March 2016
표 Bright band was well captured by the JNI radar in ρhv (a), observed bright band height (b), detected bright band in azimuth (c) and the vertical profile of reflectivity at 0400KST 18 March 2016 (d) with dash arrow line presented freezing level (2.710km) from sounding data observed on Gwangju at 0300KST 18 March 2016
표 Detected bright band(yellow dots) on polarimetric variables observed at higher observation angles by the JNI radar at 0400KST on 18 March 2016
표 Detected bright band on polarimetric variables observed at lower angle by the JNI radar at 0400KST on 18 March 2016
표 Detected bright band on polarimetric variables at 2.88o observed by the MYN radar at 2030KST on 05 March 2016 with related information
표 Detected bright band height at 2030KST on 2016.03.05
표 Detected bright band (yellow dots) on the polarimetric variables observed by three lowest angle by the MYN radar at 2030KST on 05 March 2016
표 Detected bright band on polarimetric variables observed by the BRI radar on 05 May 2016
표 Vertical profile of Z of the precipitation system occurred on 05 May 2016
표 (a) Sounding data from BRI site at 2038KST (b) Derived bright band height and (c) Mean Z for the derived bright band top, peak and bottom using BRI measurements on 05 May 2016,
표 Verification of detected bright band compared to (a) Vertical observation of Z and (b) ρhv, (c) ρhv in PPI at 5.80o observed by the BRI radar and (d) the detected bright band in azimuth at given time
표 Typhoon Chanhom at 1200KST 12 July 2015
표 Detected bright band at 1200KST 12 July 2015
표 Detected bright band (yellow dots) on polarimetric variables observed at higher elevation angle by the YIT radar at 1200KST 12 July 2015
표 Typhoon Chaba at 0300KST 05 October 2016
표 Vertically observed (a) Z and (b) ρhv by JNI radar and (c) vertical profile of reflectivity at 0300KST 05 October 2016
표 Images of (a) PPI and (b) range-height cross section of Typhoon Chaba at 0300KST 05 October 2016
표 Detected bright band at lower angle
표 Detected bright band at 6.36o
표 KLAPS analysis temperature field near Baengyeondo.
표 Skew T-Log P diagram of Baengyeondo Radio sonde at 0900 KST 11 Feb 2016
표 Information of KLAPS layers applied in hydrometeor classification algorithm
표 KLAPS analysis temperature field in hydrometeor classification algorithm at (a) 1420 KST, (b) 1530 KST, and (c) 1630 KST 11 Feb 2016. (d)~(f) is result of hydrometeor classification at (d) 1420 KST, (e) 1530 KST, and (f) 1630 KST 11 Feb 2016
표 Improving result of hydrometeor classification at (a) 1420 KST, (b) 1530 KST, and (c) 1630 KST 11 Feb 2016
표 KLAPS analysis temperature field near Jindo. (a) 1000hPa and (b) 900hPa temperature at 2000 KST 17 Jan 2016
표 KLAPS analysis temperature field of (a) previous version and (b) mederated version in hydrometeor classification algorithm. (c) previous version and (d) moderated version hydrometeor classificaion at 2000 KST 17 Jan 2016
표 (a) LDAPS forecast domain and (b) composition of LDAPS variable grid
표 Flow chart of hydrometeor classification and using data
표 Process of hydrometeor analysis
표 PPI images of (a) CZ, (b) ZDR, (c) ρHV and (d) Hydrometeor classification using simulator data at the 1.59°elevation angle in YIT at 0000 KST 10 May 2016
표 Mixing ratio of (a) snow, (b) graupel, and (c) rain using simulator data at the 1.59°elevation angle in YIT at 0000 KST 10 May 2016
표 (a) total mixing and (b) hydrometeor classification for each hydrometeor along the distance from the radar
표 Normalizing (a) total mixing and (b) hydrometeor classification for each hydrometeor along the distance from the radar
표 PPI images of (a) CZ, (b) ZDR, (c) ρHV and (d) Hydrometeor classification using simulator data at the 1.02° elevation angle in YIT at 0300 KST 24 Jun 2016
표 Mixing ratio of (a) snow, (b) graupel, and (c) rain using simulator data at the 1.02° elevation angle in YIT at 0300 KST 24 Jun 2016
표 (a) Total mixing and (b) hydrometeor classification for each hydrometeor along the distance from the radar
표 Normalizing (a) total mixing and (b) hydrometeor classification for each hydrometeor along the distance from the radar
표 PPI images of (a) CZ, (b) ZDR, (c) ρHV and (d) Hydrometeor classification using simulator data at the 1.09° elevation angle in BRI at 0300 KST 5 Jul 2016
표 Mixing ratio of (a) snow, (b) graupel, and (c) rain using simulator data at the 1.09°elevation angle in BRI at 0300 KST 5 Jul 2016
표 (a) total mixing and (b) hydrometeor classification for each hydrometeor along the distance from the radar
표 Normalizing (a) total mixing and (b) hydrometeor classification for each hydrometeor along the distance from the radar
표 Information of radar observation elevation, range and the number of rain gauge used QPE verification.
표 Simulated percentage of non-blockage(color shading) of (a) BRI, (b) JNI, (c) MYN, (d) BSL, (e) SBS, (f) MHS, and (g) SDS radar at the elevation angle
표 The distribution of rain gauges within 100 km observation range of each radar. Here, black diamond symbol indicates AWS station used for QPE validation.
표 Flowchart of rainfall estimation using dual-polarimetric radar.
표 The time series of the ZH(left panel) and ZDR(right panel) bias of BRI(upper panel), JNI(middle panel), MYN(bottom panel
표 The same as Fig. 3.1.3 but for BSL, MHS, SBS, SDS of MLIT.
표 Scatter plots of the ZH vs ZDR without bias corredtion(black dot) and with bias correction(green cross).
표 The same as Fig. 3.1.6 but for BSL, MHS, SBS, SDS of MLIT.
표 The time series of R(ZH)(red dot line), R(ZH,ZDR)(green dot line) and RGAUGE(black line).
표 Scatter diagrams of the hourly rainfall estimated by (ZH)(red dot) and R(ZH,ZDR)(green dot) of each KMA radar site versus the corresponding rain-gauge rainfall after applying bias correction
표 The same as Fig. 3.1.9 but for BSL, MHS, SBS, SDS of MLIT.
표 Scatter diagrams of the hourly rainfall estimated by (ZH)(red dot) and R(ZH,ZDR)(green dot) of 7 radar sites versus the corresponding rain-gauge rainfall after applying bias correction
표 Scatter diagrams of the hourly rainfall estimated by (a) bias un-correction using R(ZH) and (b) bias correction using R(ZH, ZDR) versus the corresponding rain-gauge rainfall at the selected rain-gauge stations from May 2016 to October for 7 radar sites of dual-polarization of tri-agencies
표 Schematic diagram of Hybrid Surface Rainfall (HSR)
표 Flowchart of Hybrid Surface Rainfall.
표 HSR test operation for Seongsan radar in web-site.
표 (a) HSR clutter map, (b) rainfall distribution of surface raingauge, (c) PPI, and (d) HSR by Seongsan radar
표 (a) Beam blocking simulation, (b) Fuzzy quality index, (c) R(ZH) using lowest PPI data, and (d) HSR by BRI at 0020 KST 24 Jun 2016
표 The same as Fig 3.1.17 but for BSL at 1700 KST 1 Jul 2016.
표 The same as Fig 3.1.17 but for SBS at 1800 KST 1 Jul 2016.
표 Locations of Doppler radar(red dot) and the coverage of multiple-Doppler radar wind filed
표 Schematic diagrams of (a) triple- and (b) dual-Doppler radar analysis.
표 Flowchart of Multiple Doppler radar wind field analysis
표 Schematic diagrams of the vertical structure of melting layer with (a)dz ≧ 0.5 km and (b) dz < 0.5 km
표 Flowchart of OSSE for verification of Multiple Doppler radar wind filed analysis
표 Hourly rainfall rate (mm h-1) from radar observation at 0900 KST 27 Jul 2011
표 Information for numerical experiment using WRF model.
표 Simulated radar reflectivities (color shading) and wind vectors at the height of 3 km at 0900 KST 27 Jul 2011
표 Flowchart and detailed processes of data conversion for OSSE
표 Converted PPI images of (a) the reflectivity and (b) the radial velocity of KWK radar at an elevation angle of 0.0° at 0900 KST 27 Jul 2011
표 CAPPI image of reflectivity and wind fields retrieved from 9 radars using Multiple Doppler radar analysis at 0900 KST 27 Jul 2011
표 Scatter diagram between WRF model and Multiple Doppler radar analysis
표 Profiles of the (a) RMSE, (b) R_RMSE and (c) correlation coefficient of u (blue line) and v (red line) components between WRF model and Multiple Doppler radar analysis with hight at 0900 KST 27 Jul 2011
표 Mean RMSE, R_RMSE and Correlation coefficients of u and v components between WRF model and Multiple Doppler wind field analysis from 3 km to 8 km
표 Nowcasting systems used in operation for KMA
표 Schematic figures for MAPLE experiment of (a) control run (CNTL) and (b) extended domain run (experiment run, EXP).
표 Description of MAPLE domain for inner and outer (margin) size.
표 Design of the four experiments on the different configurations
표 Schematic illustrations for four experiments on the different configurations.
표 MAPLE rainfall forecasts of (a) CNTL, (b) EXP_1, (c) EXP_2, and (d) EXP_3.
표 Differences between two advection vectors for speed (CNTL minus EXP_1) at 1000 KST 24 May 2016
표 A 2×2 contingency table in which the observation and model results are classified into four mutually exclusivecategories
표 Skill scores of (a) POD, (b) FAR, and (c) HK of MAPLE rainfall forecasts for four experiments at 1000 KST 24 May 2016.
표 Experiments for reflectivity, smoothness weighting, and number of smoothing
표 Mosaic radar rainrate (mm hr-1) observed at 1 h intervals from (a) 1000 KST to (f) 1500 KST 2 Sep 2016.
표 Experiments for reflectivity weights (a) 0.5, (b) 0.05, (c) 1.0, and (d) 5.0. The forecasting rainfall was performed by MAPLE at 3 hour
표 Same as Fig. 3.3.8 but for smoothness weights (a) 1000, (b) 100, (c) 500, and (d) 1500.
표 Verification of MAPLE CNTL as a function of reflectivity and smoothness weights at hourly forecasting precipitation
표 Same as Fig. 3.3.10 but for MAPLE EXP_1.
표 Verification of MAPLE CNTL as a function of smoothing number (N=1) at hourly forecasting precipitation
표 Same as Fig. 3.3.12 but for smoothing number (N=3).
표 Radar images of (a) CNTL and (b) EXP and 2×2 contingency table for (c) CNTL and (d) EXP as a function of reflectivity and smoothness weights at 3 hour MAPLE forecasting
표 photograph of the validation site of WRC/KMA
표 Instruments at the surface validation site of WRC/KMA.
표 Photographs of the instruments at the validation site
표 Samples of particle shape recorded by 2DVD
표 Distributions of fall velocities and oblatenesses vs diameters
표 Samples of DSD collected by 2DVD
표 Raindrop concentrations collected by the two PARSIVELs at 1820 KST 9 Aug 2016
표 DSDs obtained from 2DVD and two PARSIVELs at 1820 KST 9 Aug 2016
표 Distributions of diameter-fall velocity collected by two PARSIVELs
표 Photographs of monitors connected to each instrument at the validation
표 Screen captures of the operating and visualizing system of each instrument
표 Archiving directories of the measurements of each instrument
표 Archiving files of each instrument
표 Sample of archiving format of raingauge measurements
표 Sample of archiving format of AWS measurements
표 Precipitation events at the validation site during February to November 2016
표 Distributions of diameter-fall velocity of precipitation particles collected by 2DVD during (a) 2000 KST to 2115 KST 26, (b) 2115 KST 26 to 0200 KST 27, and (c) 0200 KST to 0700 KST 27 Feb 2016
표 Composite images of radar reflectivity from KMA radars at (a) 2100 KST 26, (b) 0000 KST 27, and (c) 0300 KST 27 Feb 2016
표 Photographs of 2DVD in the snowfall event on 28 February 2016
표 Same as Fig. 4.1.15, except for PARSIVE
표 Same as Fig. 4.1.15, except for ultrasonic anemometer.
표 Same as Fig. 4.1.15, except for tipping-type raingauges: (a) RGT02-1 and (b) RGT02-3
표 Same as Fig. 4.1.15, except for weighting-type raingauge
표 Same as Fig. 4.1.15, except for mechanical anemometer equipped with AWS.
표 Composite images of radar reflectivity from KMA radars during 1500 KST to 2400 KST 5 Jul 2016
표 Rainfall rates from 2DVD during 1700 KST to 2000 KST 5 Jul 2016
표 Rainfall rates from 2DVD during 1600 KST to 1700 KST 24 Jul 2016
표 Composite images of radar reflectivity from KMA radars during 1440 KST to 1930 KST 24 Jul 2016
표 DSD obtained from 2DVD at 1755 KST 9 Aug 2016.
표 Time variations of (a) DSD parameters (Dm, Dmax, Nw), (b) radar variables (ZH, ZDR, KDP) calculated through scattering simulation, and (c) rainfall rates and amount obtained from 2DVD measurements during 1700 KST to 2000 KST 9 Aug 2016
표 Comparisons of the (a) ZDR-ZH and (b) KDP-ZH relations. The gray + marks denote the values from 2DVD
표 Comparisons of the (a) R-ZH and (b) R-KDP estimators.
표 Condition of T-matrix algorithm
표 (a) Time series of accumulated rainfall measured from the rain gauge and estimated from the 2DVD, (b) scatter plot of one-hour rain rate from gauge and 2DVD on 17 Sep 2016
표 ZH calibcation bias of Yong-In testbed radar based on ZH -KDP self-consistency on 17 Sep 2016
표 Time series of the (a) reflectivity by 2DVD(+) and YIT radar(△). Scatter plot of (b) reflectivity from 2DVD and YIT radar on 17 Sep 2016.
표 ZH calibration bias according to ZH-KDP self-consistency and 2DVD on 17 Sep 2016
표 Time series of the (a) differential reflectivity by 2DVD(+) and YIT radar (△). Scatter plot of (b) differential reflectivity from 2DVD and YIT radar on 17 Sep 2016
표 ZDR calibration bias according to ZH-ZDR relation, vertical pointing measurement, and 2DVD on 17 Sep 2016
표 Same as Fig. 4.1.29 except for on 25 Oct 2016.
표 Same as Fig. 4.1.30 except for on 25 Oct 2016
표 Same as Fig. 4.1.31 except for on 25 Oct 2016.
표 Same as Fig. 4.1.32 except for on 25 Oct 2016.
표 Same as Fig. 4.1.33 except for on 25 Oct 2016.
표 Same as Fig. 4.1.34 except for on 25 Oct 2016.
표 ZH and ZDR calibration bias according to calibration methods during May 2015 to Oct 2016.
표 ZH and ZDR mean system bias according to calibration methods during May 2015 to Oct 2016
표 One-hour rain rate (left) and total accumulated rainfall (right) of 2DVD and rain gauge (RN01(Avg)) for total 110 rainfall cases
표 Difference of raindrop axis ratio relations
표 List of different polarimetric rainfall relations used for rainfall estimations and the mean absolute error (MAE), root-mean-square error (RMSE), and correlation coefficient for estimated rain rates bs. observations
표 Scatterplot of R derived from observed DSDs (62,981 min samples) and R_ret estimated from combinations of polarimetric parameters. R_ret was then obtained from the same data set
표 Comparison of the results of different rainfall relations.
표 Different polarimetric rainfall relations
표 Scatter plot of the 1h rain rate from rain gauge (RG) and YIT S-band radar (or 2DVD) on 17 Sep 2016.
표 Comparison of the 1h rain rate (left ordinate) and accumulated rainfall (right ordinate) obtained by the YIT S-band radar and rain gauge.
표 Same as Fig. 4.1.45 except for on 25 Oct 2016.
표 Same as Fig. 4.1.46 except for on 25 Oct 2016.
표 ZH and ZDR calibration bias of each rain case.
표 Beam blocking simulation of YIT.
표 Ground clutter map at lowest elevation angle of YIT
표 The distribution of AWSs within 240km observation range of YIT.
표 The time series of R(ZH)(red dot line), R(ZH,ZDR)(green dot line) and RGAUGE(black line).
표 Scatter plot of the RGAUGE vs R(ZH)(red dot) and RGAUGE vs R(ZH,ZDR)(green dot) of YIT.
표 Time of radiosonde observation in spring season
표 Time of radiosonde observation in summer season
표 Time of radiosonde observation in fall season
표 Time of radiosonde observation in winter season
표 PPI images of (a) CZ, (b) ZDR, (c) ρHV at the 1.02°elevation angle. (d) SK-T diagram of Jincheon radio sonde and (e) KLAPS vertical temperature at Jincheon at 1800 KST 1 Jul 2016
표 The PPI images (a) radio sonde and (b) KLAPS analysis temperature field. Result of 7 types hydrometeor classification using (c) radio sonde and (d) KLAPS anaysis filed at 1800 KST 1 Jul 2016
표 PPI images of (a) CZ, (b) ZDR, (c) ρHV at the 1.02°elevation angle. (d) SK-T diagram of Jincheon radio sonde and (e) KLAPS vertical temperature at Jincheon at 0900 KST 25 Oct 2016
표 The PPI images (a) radio sonde and (b) KLAPS analysis temperature field. Result of 7 types hydrometeor classification using (c) radio sonde and (d) KLAPS anaysis filed at 0900 KST 25 Oct 2016
표 The PPI images (a) Z and (b) ZDR using new bias(Z=-3.203, ZDR=0.251). Result of 7 types hydrometeor classification using (c) radio sonde and (d) KLAPS anaysis filed at 0900 KST 25 Oct 2016
표 Estimation of the radar parameters
표 Estimation of radar parameters for dual-PRF mode
표 JNI 1100 KST 12 July 2016 2.2° PPI (left) NoQC polarimetric parameters (right) converted polarimetric parameters using I/Q data
표 MYN 1500 KST 25 Jul 2016 1.3°(left) NoQC polarimetric parameters (right) converted polarimetric parameters using I/Q data
표 Velocity unfolding algorithm for dual-PRF mode
표 Look-up table of correction factor for unfolding radial velocity at 3:2 mode
표 Look-up table of correction factor for unfolding radial velocity at 4:3 mode
표 Look-up table of correction factor for unfolding radial velocity at 5:4 mode
표 Radial velocity of YIT radar for high PRF mode on 0930 KST 02 Dec 2015 (a) PPI image, and (b) VAD curves at 50km range
표 Radial velocity of YIT radar for low PRF mode on 0930 KST 02 Dec 2015 (a) PPI image, and (b) VAD curves at 50km range
표 Radial velocity of YIT radar after unfolding algorithm on 0930 KST 02 Dec 2015 (a) PPI image, and (b) VAD curves at 50km range
표 Radial velocity of YIT radar for high PRF mode on 0930 KST 03 May 2016 (a) PPI image, and (b) VAD curves at 50km range
표 Radial velocity of YIT radar for low PRF mode on 0930 KST 03 May 2016 (a) PPI image, and (b) VAD curves at 50km range
표 Radial velocity of YIT radar after unfolding algorithm on 0930 KST 03 May 2016 (a) PPI image, and (b) VAD curves at 50km range
표 Radial velocity of JNI radar for high PRF mode on 1100 KST 12 Jul 2016 (a) PPI image, and (b) VAD curves at 37.5km range
표 Radial velocity of JNI radar for low PRF mode on 1100 KST 12 Jul 2016 (a) PPI image, and (b) VAD curves at 37.5km range
표 Radial velocity of JNI radar after unfolding algorithm on 1100 KST 12 Jul 2016 (a) PPI image, and (b) VAD curves at 37.5km range
표 Radial velocity of YIT radar (a) NoQC, and (b) unfolded data using developed algorithm
표 VAD curves of YIT radar at 100km range (a) NoQC data, and (b) unfolded data using developed algorithm
표 SD(VR) Compare NoQC radial velocity to unfolded radial velocity using developed algorithm along to the azimuth angle 21~35°, and at 50~150km range
표 Flowchart of RAR system improved by local gauge correction method.
표 Example of TRMM/GSP error Rainfall data timeseries.
표 Flowchart of WRC-RGP program.
표 Comparison of TRMM/GSP and WRC-RGP Rainrate.
표 Time series of the temporal change of coefficient “a”(upper) and exponent “b”(under) on 27 Apr 2016 for KSN radar
표 Comparison of RAR using TRMM/GSP(left), WRC-RGP(middle), and AWS observation data(right) during 0850~0910 KST 24 Jun 2016, 0850 KST 24 Jun 2016(a)~(c), 0900 KST 24 Jun 2016(d)~(f), 0910 KST 24 Jun 2016(g)~(i).
표 Comparison of RAR using TRMM/GSP(left), WRC-RGP(middle), and AWS observation data(right) during 1730~1750 KST 01 Jul 2016, 1730 KST 01 Jul 2016(a)~(c), 1740 KST 01 Jul 2016(d)~(f), 1750 KST 01 Jul 2016(g)~(i).
표 Photographs of mobile mode(a) and the fixed mode(b) of NIMR-X.
표 Specifications of the NIMR-X
표 Spectrum analyzer(FSH18)
표 Power Sensor(FSH-Z18)
표 Tektronix oscilloscope
표 Signal generator
표 Power divider
표 Specifications of the TDS3032B
표 Weather radar observation sites near the Muan area
표 NIMR-X. Radar beam blocking near the Muan site.
표 Surrounding environment of NIMR-X
표 Time series of of AWS (Gwangsan #788)
표 CAPE images in the East Asia at 9 Aug. 2016 at (a) 0900 KST, (b) 1200 KST, (c) 1500 KST, and (d) 1800 KST by UM-RDAPS
표 K-Index images in the East Asia at 9 Aug. 2016 at (a) 0900 KST, (b) 1200 KST, (c) 1500 KST, and (d) 1800 KST by UM-RDAPS
표 Lifted Index images in the East Asia at 9 Aug. 2016 at (a) 0900 KST, (b) 1200 KST, (c) 1500 KST, and (d) 1800 KST by UM-RDAPS

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