[보고서]식용 가능 식물잎으로부터 우수 항당뇨 천연 신소재 개발 및 제품화

정태숙

식용 가능 식물잎으로부터 우수 항당뇨 천연 신소재 개발 및 제품화
Development and commercialization of excellent anti-diabetic natural materials from edible plant leaves 원문보기

보고서 정보
주관연구기관	한국생명공학연구원 Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
연구책임자	정태숙
참여연구자	신동하 , 최명숙
보고서유형	최종보고서
발행국가	대한민국
언어	한국어
발행년월	2017-04
과제시작연도	2015
주관부처	농림축산식품부 Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs(MAFRA)
등록번호	TRKO201800037286
과제고유번호	1545011208
사업명	고부가가치식품기술개발
DB 구축일자	2018-08-25
키워드	항당뇨.다당류.혈당조절.신기능성소재.제품화.antidiabetic.polysaccharide.glycemic response.new functional materials.commercialization.

초록 ▼

혈당 개선 기능성물질로 대두콩잎에는 캄페롤배당체가 많이 함유되어 있는 반면에 검정콩잎(서목태잎, 서리태잎)에는 퀘르세틴배당체와 이소람네틴배당체가 많이 함유되어 있음을 처음으로 규명하였다. 또한 플라보놀배당체 고함유 콩잎추출물은 비만/당뇨로 인해 기능이 약해진 췌장 세포를 회복시키고 간의 지방 축적을 억제함으로써 인슐린 민감성 개선을 통해 당뇨 예방 효능을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 동물실험뿐만 아니라 인체시험을 통해 대사증후군 개선 효능을 입증함으로써 다수의 국제저널에 그 결과를 게재하여 콩잎으로부터 혈당 개선 식·의약 소재 개발에 성공하였다. 또한 관련 효능에 대한 대두콩잎의 국내/미국특허 등록, 검정콩잎의 국내/PCT특허 출원 완료로 산업재산권을 확보하였으며, 대두콩 3품종 및 검정콩(서리태), 서목태를 농가에서 재배 및 시기별로 콩잎을 수확하여 주정농도, 주정추출물의 회수율, 유효성분의 함량, 항당뇨 생리활성 등을 종합하여 콩잎 수확시기 및 추출물의 대량생산 공정을 확립하였다. 또한 대량생산 및 제품의 품질관리를 위해 HPLC 분석을 통한 추출물의 표준화 방법 확립 및 인체시을 통해 제품 유효농도의 기준을 제시하였다. 참여기업에서는 혈당 조절 건강기능식품인 ‘인슈파워’를 출시하여 사업화를 실현하고 있으며, 콩잎 추출물의 혈당 개선 개별인정형 기능성 원료 인정 신청을 추진하고 있다.

( 출처: 보고서 요약서 3p )

Abstract ▼

Purpose&Contents
To develop the new health-functional ingredient for prevention and improvement of diabetes using polysaccharide-enriched fraction from soy leaves. This project was conducted through: development of functional material from soy leaf extracts for improving blood glucose levels in vitro and in vivo; investigation of relationship between components of extracts with glucose lowering mechanism; industrialization of flavonol glycosides-rich functional materials for regulating blood glucose in human.

Results
1^st Sub-project:: Development and characterization of functional materials for improving blood glucose and investigation of their mechanism
Efficient extraction methods of polysaccharide-rich materials (PSH) were established and according varieties, culture periods, and methods for extraction.
Thirteen flavonol compounds were isolated and their anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects were investigated through in vitro and cell-based assay. Standardization method was set up using the main components of PSH (70ESL and 70EBL), KG7 and QG5 and their contents in ESL and EBL were analyzed. For the evaluation of anti-diabetic effects of PSH materials, we performed in vitro, cell-based, and animal experiments using 70ESL and 70EBL. This study suggests that the ESL improves 70ESL improved pancreatic β-cell function and 70EBL improves hepatic insulin resistance by enhancing adiponectin level. We acquisited the basis information of PSH for application of functional individual approval.

2^nd Sub-project:: Industrialization and establishment mass and process product system for development of anti-diabetic functional materials
In this study, we developed functional ingredient by industrial mass cultivation and production system from soybean leaves extracts. And we products goods use by functional ingredients. We make goods add by vehicle additions that functional food and various ingredients for improvement of reduce blood glucose. For the industrialization of mass product, we select GH and BB species tested by productivity and active components. In case of mass production, we harvest soybean leaves 0.091 ~ 0.103kg/m2 during 4 years. Also, the GH are product high mass production than BB. But GH are depend on culture condition. The best harvest time of GH and BH are 100 to 110 days of age. We get PSH that industrial extraction (50 kg/batch), concentration and dry of GH and BB. We get 12.47kg of GH (35.7 Brix) and 14.36kg of (25.8 brix). it is recover of 0.25 and 0.29% than natural mass. We make clinical test sample and goods use by PSH.
Also we test PSH of residual pesticide and nutrient components. We product and development of 'Insu Power' that health functional food for control and improvement reduce blood glucose. It formulated by functional ingredients and vehicle additions.

3^rd Sub-project: Investigate anti-diabetic effect of PSH material in a clinical trial
We performed a clinical trial to investigate effects of black soybean leaf ethanol extract (SR, 2000 mg/day) and soybean leaf ethanol extract (DD, 2000 mg/day) in subjects with overweight or obesity (35~65 year, BMI > 23) for 12 weeks.
Supplementation of SR and DD exhibited to play an important role in reduction of waist and hip circumference ratio, regulating lipid levels, inflammatory and antioxidant metabolism in overweight and obese subjects. Therefore, SR and DD has been proven to improve the features for metabolic syndrome and is a beneficial plant resource for a new functional food ingredient..

Expected Contribution
This research has established a mass production of functional material,standardized functional materials, and investigated efficacy and molecular mechanism based on in vitro, in vivo, and cell-based studies. These findings have been published in patent application and prominent international journals, which has promoted the export possibility of functional materials made in Korea to an international audience.

The efficacy of soy bean leaf extract or black soy bean extract can provide a groundwork for developing a new functional foods source. In addition, this human trial can be used as a basis for determining an effective dose for soy bean leaf extract or black soy bean extract.

We make various products (goods) and sales use by industrial products and progression of PSH. And we sales and marketing of 'Insu Power' that domestic and overseas marketing by network of Insect Biotech.

( 출처 : SUMMARY 5p )

목차 Contents

표지 ... 1
제 출 문 ... 2
보고서 요약서 ... 3
요 약 문 ... 4
SUMMARY ... 5
CONTENTS ... 7
목차 ... 8
제 1 장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 9
제1절 연구개발의 목적 ... 9
제2절 연구개발의 필요성 ... 9
제3절 연구개발의 범위 ... 12
제 2 장 국내·외 기술개발 현황 ... 13
제1절 국내 연구 현황 ... 13
제2절 국외 연구 현황 ... 14
제3절 국내·외 연구 및 제품개발 현황 비교 및 필요 연구 분야 ... 15
제 3 장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 22
제 1 절 우수 항당뇨 천연 신소재 탐색, 특성분석 및 기작 규명 (제1세부과제) ... 23
1. 연구개발 수행 내용 및 방법 ... 23
2. 연구개발 수행 결과 ... 36
제 2 절 항당뇨 천연 신소재의 대량생산 체계 구축 및 당뇨식 제형 상품화 (제1협동과제) ... 192
1. 연구개발 수행 내용 및 방법 ... 192
2. 연구개발 수행 결과 ... 197
제 3 절 항당뇨 천연 신소재의 인체적용 효능 평가 (제2협동과제) ... 255
1. 연구개발 수행 내용 및 방법 ... 255
2. 연구개발 수행 결과 ... 264
제 4 절 연구개발 성과 ... 287
제 5 절 연구결과의 종합 분석 및 고찰 ... 298
제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 300
제 1 절 연구목표의 달성도 ... 300
제 2 절 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 304
제 5 장 연구결과의 활용계획 ... 306
제 6 장 연구과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 308
제 7 장 연구개발결과의 보안등급 ... 309
제 8 장 국가과학기술종합정보시스템에 등록한 연구시설·장비 현황 ... 309
제 9 장 연구개발과제 수행에 따른 연구실 등의 안전조치 이행실적 ... 309
제1절 기술적 위험 요소 분석 ... 309
제2절 안전 관리 대책 ... 309
제 10 장 연구개발과제의 대표적 연구실적 ... 310
제 11 장 기타사항 ... 310
제 12 장 참고문헌 ... 311
끝페이지 ... 314

표/그림 (262)

표 대표적인 혈당 저하 기능성 원료
표 년도별 대사성 질환 관련 기능성원료 인정 건수(2004년~2015년)
표 혈당 조절 기능성소재 관련 주요 해외 연구기관의 연구
표 Analytical HPLC condition and solvent elution method 1
표 Analytical HPLC condition and solvent elution method 2
표 Sequences of primer used for real-time qRT-PCR
표 Experimental design of the anti-diabetic synergic effects of Oatwell and ESL
표 Experimental design of the anti-diabetic effects of 70ESL and 70EBL
표 Dry weights of 70%-EtOH and 95%-EtOH extracts of 2012-harvested GH soy leaves having different cultivating duration
표 Dry weights of 70%-EtOH, 95%-EtOH, and EtOAc extracts of 2013-harvested BB, WD, and GHsoy leaves having different cultivating duration
표 Dry weights of 30%, 50%, 70%, and 95% EtOH extracts of 2014-harvested soy leaveshaving different cultivating duration
표 Dry weights of 30%, 50%, 70%, and 95% EtOH extracts of 2015-harvested soy leaves having different cultivating duration
표 Dry weights of 50%, 70%, and 95% EtOH extracts of 2016-harvested soy leaves having different cultivating duration
표 Contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids of 30%, 50%, 70%, and 95% EtOH extractsfrom the 2014-harvested GH and BB soy leaves having different cultivating duration
표 Contents of total phenolics of 50%, 70%, and 95% EtOH extracts from the 2015-harvested GH, BB, and NG soy leaves having different cultivating duration
표 Contents of total flavonoids of 50%, 70%, and 95% EtOH extracts from the 2015-harvested GH, BB, and NG soy leaves having different cultivating duration
표 Contents of total phenolics of 50%, 70%, and 95% EtOH extracts from the 2016-harvested GH, BB, and NG soy leaves having different cultivating duration
표 Contents of total flavonoidsof 50%, 70%, and 95% EtOH extracts from the 2016-harvested GH, BB, BB(CJ), and NG soy leaves having different cultivating duration
표 Yeast α-gucosidase inhibitory activities of 70% EtOH, 95% EtOH, and EtOAc extracts from the wet and hot-air dried 2013-harvested BB, WD, and GH soy leaves
표 Comparison of yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory activities on extraction duration of the wet-2013-harvested BB, WD, and GH soy leaves
표 Yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the EtOH extracts from the 2014-harvested GH and BB soy leaves having different cultivating duration
표 Yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the EtOH extracts from the 2015-harvested GH,BB, and NG soy leaves having different cultivating duration
표 LDL-oxidation inhibitory activities of 70% EtOH, 95% EtOH, and EtOAc extracts from the wet and hot-air dried 2013-harvested BB, WD, and GH soy leaves
표 Comparison of LDL-oxidation inhibitory activities on extraction duration of the wet and hot-air dried 2013-harvested BB, WD, and GH soy leaves
표 LDL-oxidation inhibitory activities of the EtOH extracts from the 2014-harvested GH and BB soy leaves having different cultivating duration
표 LDL-oxidation inhibitory activities of the EtOH extracts from the 2015-harvested GH, BB, and NG soy leaves having different cultivating duration
표 LDL-oxidation inhibitory activities of the EtOH extracts from the 2015-harvested GH, BB, BB-CJ,and NG soy leaves having different cultivating duration
표 DPPH radical scavenging activities of the EtOH extracts from the 2015-harvested GH, BB,and NG soy leaves having different cultivating duration
표 DPPH radical scavenging effects of 50%－95% EtOH extracts from the leaves of 4 soybean cultivars, GH, BB, BB(CJ) and NG having different cultivating duration on 2016
표 Analytical HPLC condition and solvent elution method
표 HPLC profiles of 50ESL contained several glycosides and flavonols.
표 HPLC profiles of 50EBL contained several glycosides and flavonols.
표 Pysico-chemical data of flavonol glycosides isolated from the 50ESL and 50EBL
표 Spectroscopic data of isorhamnetin glycoside compounds from the 50ESL and 50EBL
표 Spectroscopic data of isoflavone glycoside compounds from the 50ESL and 50EBL
표 Classification list of flavonol glycosides isolated from the 50ESL and 50EBL
표 Quercetin glycosides isolated from the 50ESL and 50EBL,
표 Kaempferol glycosides isolated from the 50ESL and 50EBL,
표 Isorhamnetin glycosides and isoflavone glycosides isolated from the 50ESL and 50EBL.
표 Chemical structures and 1H-1H COSY and HMBC correlation of compounds 1 and 2.
표 Isolation schemes of PSH from 70ESL.
표 Isolation schemes of PSH from 70EBL.
$HPLC profiles of 70ESL, 70EBL, and Diaion HP-20 column fractions (5 mg/ml). Fractions of Diaion HP-20 column (Fr. 1: H2O eluent; Fr. 2: 20% MeOH eluent; Fr. 3: 40% MeOH eluent; Fr. 4: 60% MeOH eluent; Fr. 5: 80% MeOH eluent; Fr. 6: 100% MeOH eluent). HPLC analysis condition was method 2.$ 표 HPLC profiles of 70ESL, 70EBL, and Diaion HP-20 column fractions (5 mg/ml). Fractions of Diaion HP-20 column (Fr. 1: H2O eluent; Fr. 2: 20% MeOH eluent; Fr. 3: 40% MeOH eluent; Fr. 4: 60% MeOH eluent; Fr. 5: 80% MeOH eluent; Fr. 6: 100% MeOH eluent). HPLC analysis condition was method 2.
표 HPLC profiles of 70ESL-(GR1 + GR2) and 70EBL-(GR1 + GR2). The sample concentrations were 1 mg/ml. HPLC analysis condition was method 2.
$Contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids of 70ESL, 70EBL, and their Diaion HP-20 fractions$ 표 Contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids of 70ESL, 70EBL, and their Diaion HP-20 fractions
$Inhibitory activities of Diaion HP-20 fractions from 70ESL and 70EBL on yeast α-glucosidase$ 표 Inhibitory activities of Diaion HP-20 fractions from 70ESL and 70EBL on yeast α-glucosidase
$Inhibitory activities of Diaion HP-20 fractions from 70ESL and 70EBL on LDL-oxidation$ 표 Inhibitory activities of Diaion HP-20 fractions from 70ESL and 70EBL on LDL-oxidation
$DPPH radical scavenging effects of 70ESL, 70EBL, and their diaion HP-20 column fraction$ 표 DPPH radical scavenging effects of 70ESL, 70EBL, and their diaion HP-20 column fraction
표 HPLC profiles of 70% EtOH of 50d, 60d, 75d, 90d, and 107d-GH soy leaves (254 nm).
표 HPLC profiles of 110d-BB and 110d-GH soy-leaf extracts of 30% EtOH, 50% EtOH, and 70%EtOH at UV 254 nm. ESL; soy-leaf extract.
표 HPLC profiles of 110d-BB soy-leaf extracts of 50% EtOH, 70% EtOH, and 95% EtOH for 2, 5,and 8 days at UV 254 nm.
표 HPLC profiles of 110d-WD soy-leaf extracts of 50% EtOH, 70% EtOH, and 95% EtOH for 2, 5, and 8 days at UV 254 nm.
표 HPLC profiles of 110d-GH soy-leaf extracts of 50% EtOH, 70% EtOH, and 95% EtOH for 2, 5, and 8 days at UV 254 nm.
표 HPLC profiles of 30%, 50%, 70%, and 95% EtOH extracts (10 mg/ml) of 2014-GH soy leaf.
표 HPLC profiles of 50% and 70% EtOH extracts (10 mg/ml) of 2014-BB soy leaf.
표 HPLC profiles of 50% and 70% EtOH extracts (10 mg/ml) of 2015-GH soy leaf.
표 HPLC profiles of 50% and 70% EtOH extracts (10 mg/ml) of 2015-BB soy leaf.
표 HPLC profiles of 50% and 70% EtOH extracts (10 mg/ml) of 2015-NG soy leaf.
표 HPLC profiles of 50% and 70% EtOH extracts (10 mg/ml) of 2016-GH soy leaf.
표 HPLC profiles of 50% and 70% EtOH extracts (10 mg/ml) of 2016-BB soy leaf.
표 HPLC profiles of 50% and 70% EtOH extracts (10 mg/ml) of 2016-BB-CJ soy leaf.
표 HPLC profiles of 50% and 70% EtOH extracts (10 mg/ml) of 2016-NG soy leaf.
표 Comparison of KG7 contents in 70ESL from the 2012- and 2013-GH soy leaves having different cultivating duration
표 Comparison of KG7 contents in 50ESL and 70ESL from the 2014-, 2015-, and 2016-GH soyleaves having different cultivating duration
표 Comparison of QG5 contents in 70EBL from the 2013-BB soyleaves having different cultivating duration
표 Comparison of QG5 contents in 50ESL and 70ESL from the 2014-BB soy leaves havingdifferent cultivating duration
표 Comparison of QG5 contents in 50EBL and 70EBL from the 2015-GH and 2015-NG soy leaveshaving different cultivating duration
$Contents of KG7 and QG5 in glycoside rich fractions of 70ESL and 70EBL$ 표 Contents of KG7 and QG5 in glycoside rich fractions of 70ESL and 70EBL
표 Purity data of standard compounds, QG5 and KG7
표 Linearity of standard compounds, QG5 and KG7.
표 Linearity data of standard compounds, QG5 and KG7
표 Linear regression, LOD, and LOQ data of standard compound, QG5 and KG7
표 Accuracy data of QG5 and KG7
표 Precision data of QG5 and KG7
표 Cell viability of soy leaf extracts in MIN6 beta-cells. Cells were treated with vehicle (DMSO) or indicated concentrations of samples. Twenty four hours after treatment of extracts, cell viability was measured by Cyto XTM cell viability assay kit (LPS solution, Korea). *P < 0.05, compared with vehicle.
표 Fig. 27. Cell viability of soy leaf extracts in MIN6 beta-cells. Cells were treated with vehicle (DMSO) or indicated concentrations of samples. Twenty four hours after treatment of extracts, cell viability was measured by Cyto XTM cell viability assay kit (LPS solution, Korea). *P < 0.05, compared with vehicle.
$Fig. 28. Cell viabilities of 70ESL, 70EBL and their glycoside-rich fractions (GRs) in pancreatic MIN6 cells. Cells were treated with vehicle (DMSO) or indicated concentrations of compounds for 48 h. Cell viability was measured by Cyto XTM cell viability assay kit (LPS solution, Korea). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with control.vehicle.$ 표 Fig. 28. Cell viabilities of 70ESL, 70EBL and their glycoside-rich fractions (GRs) in pancreatic MIN6 cells. Cells were treated with vehicle (DMSO) or indicated concentrations of compounds for 48 h. Cell viability was measured by Cyto XTM cell viability assay kit (LPS solution, Korea). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with control.vehicle.
표 Glucose-induced insulin secretion test performed in pancreatic MIN6 β-cells. MIN6 cells wereseeded into a 24-well plate at a density of 1 × 105 cells per well and grown for 48 h. The cells were washed twice and pre-incubated for 60 min in glucose-free Krebs buffer. Then cells were treated with or without 25 mM glucose, and 50 μg/ml samples incubated for 30 min at 37℃. After incubation, measured the insulin concentration of the media (Alpco diagnostics, insulin ELISA kit). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared with vehicle.
표 the glucose-induced insulin secretion test of ESL and EBL extracts performed in pancreatic MIN6β-cells. MIN6 cells were seeded into a 24-well plate at a density of 1 × 105 cells per well and grown for 48 h. The cells were washed twice and preincubated for 60 min in glucose-free medium. Then cells were treated with 3 or 30 mM glucose, and soy leaf extracts (100 μg/ml) incubated for 30 min at 37℃. After incubation, the insulin concentration of the media were measured (Alpco diagnostics, insulin ELISA kit). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with control.
표 the glucose-induced insulin secretion test of EBL extracts performed in pancreatic MIN6 β-cells.MIN6 cells were seeded into a 24-well plate at a density of 1 × 105 cells per well and grown for 48 h. The cells were washed twice and preincubated for 60 min in glucose-free medium. Then cells were treated with 3 or 30 mM glucose, and soy leaf extracts (100 μg/ml) incubated for 30 min at 37℃. After incubation, the insulin concentration of the media were measured (Alpco diagnostics, insulin ELISA kit). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with control.
표 Potential β-cell reprogramming targets from the development of pancreatic lineages (Vetere A, et al., Nat. Rev. Discov. 13: 278-89, 2014).
표 70ESL and 70EBL (50 μg/ml) changed the gene expression in palmitate (PA)-induced MIN6beta-cells. Cells were administrated 0.3 mM PA with or without of 70ESL and 70EBL for 8 h and then harvested mRNA to be used in qRT-PCR. #P < 0.01 compared with non-PA group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared with PA alone-treated group.
$Cell viability of soy leaf extracts (70ESL, 70EBL) and its glycoside rich fraction HepG2 cells. Cells were treated with the indicated concentration of compounds for 24 h. Cell viabilities were assessed using Cyto XTM cell viability assay kit (LPS solution, Korea). *P<0.05, compared with control.$ 표 Cell viability of soy leaf extracts (70ESL, 70EBL) and its glycoside rich fraction HepG2 cells. Cells were treated with the indicated concentration of compounds for 24 h. Cell viabilities were assessed using Cyto XTM cell viability assay kit (LPS solution, Korea). *P<0.05, compared with control.
표 Effect of EBL and EBL-GR on palmitate (PA)-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. HepG2cells were seeded into a 24-well plate at a density of 1 × 105 cells per well and grown for 24 h. HepG2 cells were treated with PA (0.2 mM) for 24 h. quantification of TG contents in HepG2 cells. Values are presented as mean ± SD. #p < 0.01 versus media alone-treated group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus PA alone-treated group. Kaemp: kaempferol.
표 Effect of ESL and ESL-GR on TG accumulation in palmitate (PA)-induced HepG2 cells . HepG2cells were seeded into a 12-well plate at a density of 5 x 105 cells per well and grown 24 h. HepG2 cells were treated with EBL-GR1, and PA (0.2 mM) for 24 h. Triglyceride contents were measured by triglyceride kit (ASAN, Korea). Values are expressed as mean ± SD. #p < 0.05 versus the media alone-treated group. *p < 0.05 versus the PA alone-treated group.
표 Cell viability of soy leaf extracts in 3T3-L1 cells. Cells were treated with vehicle (DMSO) or indicated concentrations of samples. Forty eight hours after treatment of extracts, cell viability was measured by Cyto XTM cell viability assay kit (LPS solution, Korea). *P < 0.05, compared with vehicle.
표 Anti-adipogenic effects of 30, 50, 70ESL and 30, 50, 70EBL on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Lipidaccumulation in differentiated adipocytes was assessed by Oil Red O staining. The stained lipid droplets in the cells were dissolved in isopropanol and quantified by measuring the absorbance at 490 nm. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. #P < 0.01 versus preadipocytes.
표 Anti-adipogenic effects of 70ESL and 70EBL on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (A) Lipid accumulation indifferentiated adipocytes was assessed by Oil Red O staining. 3T3-L1 cells were photographed at magnification ×200. (B) The stained lipid droplets in the cells were dissolved in isopropanol and quantified by measuring the absorbance at 490 nm. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. #P < 0.01 versus preadipocytes. *P < 0.05 versus adipocytes. **P < 0.01 versus adipocytes.
표 Cell viabilities of ESL and EBL in RAW264.7 cells. Cells were treated with the indicatedconcentration of extracts for 24 h. Cell viabilities were assessed using Cyto XTM cell viability assay kit (LPS solution, Korea). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus control. ESL; 2013-JP-GH-107d soy leaves; EBL; 2013-JP-BB-107d soy leaves.
표 Cell viabilities of soy leaf extract (GH, BB, NG) in RAW264.7 cells. Cells were treated with the indicated concentration of extracts for 24 h. Cell viabilities were assessed using Cyto XTM cell viability assay kit (LPS solution, Korea).
$Cell viabilities of soy leaf extract (70ESL, 70EBL) and its glycoside rich fraction in RAW264.7 cells.Cells were treated with the indicated concentration of extracts for 24 h. Cell viabilities were assessed using Cyto XTM cell viability assay kit (LPS solution, Korea).$ 표 Cell viabilities of soy leaf extract (70ESL, 70EBL) and its glycoside rich fraction in RAW264.7 cells.Cells were treated with the indicated concentration of extracts for 24 h. Cell viabilities were assessed using Cyto XTM cell viability assay kit (LPS solution, Korea).
표 ESL and EBL extracts inhibit LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. RAW 264.7 cells weretreated with various concentrations of compounds dissolved in DMSO for 3 h prior to the addition of LPS (1 μg/ml), and the cells were further incubated for 18 h. The culture medium was subsequently collected, and the nitrite concentration was measured by Griess reaction. #P < 0.01 compared with media alone-treated group (LPS -). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared with LPS alone-treated group
표 ESL and EBL extracts inhibit LPS-induced ROS production in RAW264.7 cells. RAW 264.7 cellswere treated with various concentrations of compounds dissolved in DMSO for 3 h prior to the addition of LPS (1 μg/ml), and the cells were further incubated for 18 h. #P < 0.01 compared with media alone-treated group (LPS -). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared with LPS alone-treated group.
표 Effects of soy leaf extracts on NO production and ROS accumulation in LPS-inducedRAW264.7 cells
표 Effects of soy leaf extracts on NO production and ROS accumulation inLPS-induced RAW264.7 cells
표 Relative expression of proinflammatory mediators. Cells were treated with vehicle (DMSO) or 50 and 100 μg/ml extracts. After 3 hours treated LPS (1 mg/ml) and 8 hours after treatment of LPS harvested. # P<0.01 compared with media alone-treated group (LPS -). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared with LPS alone-treated group.
표 Effect of 70EBL and 70ESL on LPS-induced proinflammatory enzymes of iNOS and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells. The total lysates of the proteins were subjected to Western blot analysis, as described in Materials and Methods.
표 Effects of 70EBL and 70ESL on LPS induced phosphorylation of NF-κB/IκBα in RAW264.7 cells.The total lysates of the proteins were subjected to Western blot analysis, as described under Materials and Methods. Cells were pretreated with samples at the indicated concentrations for 3 h and then exposed to LPS (1μg/ml) for 2 h. The ratio of immunointensity between NF-κB/IκBα and β-actin was calculated.
표 Porcine pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory effects of isolated compounds
표 Rat and yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of isolated compounds
표 LDL-oxidation inhibitory effects of isolated flavonol glycosides and their aglycones
표 DPPH radical scavenging effects of isolated compounds
표 DPP-4 inhibitory activities of isolated compounds
표 Cell viability of kaepferol glycosides (KGs), quercetin glycosides (QGs), and isorhamnetin glycosidesIRGs) in MIN6 cells. Cells were treated with the indicated concentration of compounds for 24 h. Cell viabilities were assessed using Cyto XTM cell viability assay kit (LPS solution, Korea). Values are presented as mean ± SD, n = 3.
표 Glucose-induced insulin secretion test of isolated compounds in pancreatic MIN6 β-cells. MIN6cells were seeded into a 24-well plate at a density of 1 × 105 cells per well and grown for 48 h. The cells were washed twice and preincubated for 60 min in glucose-free Krebs buffer. Then cells were treated with or without 25 mM glucose and 100 μg/ml samples incubated for 30 min at 37℃. After incubation, measured the insulin concentration of the media (Alpco diagnostics, insulin ELISA kit). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared with vehicle.
표 The glucose-induced insulin secretion test performed in pancreatic MIN6 β-cells. MIN6 cells wereseeded into a 24-well plate at a density of 1 × 105 cells per well and grown for 48 h. The cells were washed twice and preincubated for 60 min in glucose-free medium. Then cells were treated with 3 or 30 mM glucose, and QG5 and KG10 (10~100 μM) incubated for 30 min at 37 ℃. After incubation, measured the insulin concentration of the media (Alpco diagnostics, insulin ELISA kit). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with control.
표 The glucose-induced insulin secretion test of isorhamnetin glycosides (IRG16) performed in pancreatic MIN6 β-cells. MIN6 cells were seeded into a 24-well plate at a density of 1 × 105 cells per well and grown for 48 h. The cells were washed twice and preincubated for 60 min in glucose-free medium. Then cells were treated with 3 or 30 mM glucose, and IRG16 (10, 50, 100 μM) incubated for 30 min at 37℃. After incubation, the insulin concentration of the media were measured (Alpco diagnostics, insulin ELISA kit). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared with control.
표 Cell viability of quercetin glycosides (QGs) and isorhamnetin glycosides (IRGs) in HepG2 cells. Cellswere treated with the indicated concentration of compounds for 24 h. Cell viabilities were assessed using Cyto XTM cell viability assay kit (LPS solution, Korea).
표 Effect of QGs and IRGs on TG accumulation in palmitate (PA)-induced HepG2 cells . HepG2 cells were seeded into a 12-well plate at a density of 5 x 105 cells per well and grown 24 h. HepG2 cells were treated with QGs, IRGs, and PA (0.4 mM) for 24 h. Triglyceride contents were measured by triglyceride kit (ASAN, Korea). Values are expressed as mean ± SD. #p < 0.05 versus the low glucose media alone-treated group. *p < 0.05 versus the 0.4 mM PA with low glucose media alone-treated group.
표 Cell viability of KGs, QGs, and IRGs in 3T3-L1 cells. Cells were treated with the indicatedconcentration of compounds for 24 h. Cell viabilities were assessed using Cyto XTM cell viability assay kit (LPS solution, Korea).
표 Cell viability of coumestans in 3T3-L1 cells. Cells were treated with the indicated concentration of compounds for 24 h. Cell viabilities were assessed using Cyto XTM cell viability assay kit (LPS solution, Korea).
표 Effects of KGs, QGs, and IRGs on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Two day post-confluent 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (day 0) were treated with indicated concentration of compounds every other day for 4 days. Cells treated with 0.1% DMSO were used as controls (adipocytes). The assays were performed on fully differentiated adipocytes (day 8). Lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocyte was assessed by Oil Red O staining. The staining lipid droplets in the cells ere dissolved in isopropanol and quantified by measuring the absorbance at 490 nm. Data are expressed as the means ± SD. #P < 0.05 versus preadipocytes. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus adipocytes.
표 Effects of coumestans on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Two day post-confluent 3T3-L1preadipocytes (day 0) were treated with indicated concentration of compounds every other day for 4 days. Cells treated with 0.1% DMSO were used as controls (adipocytes). The assays were performed on fully differentiated adipocytes (day 8). Lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocyte was assessed by Oil Red O staining. The staining lipid droplets in the cells ere dissolved in isopropanol and quantified by measuring the absorbance at 490 nm. Data are expressed as the means ± SD. #P < 0.05 versus preadipocytes, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus adipocytes. Q: quercetin.
표 Isotrifoliol regulated adipogenesis related gene and protein expression in 3T3-L1 cells. Two daypost-confluent 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (day 0) were treated with indicated concentration of compounds every other day for 4 days. Cells treated with 0.1% DMSO were used as controls (adipocytes). After 4 day incubation, the cells were harvested. (A) The levels of mRNA were measured by real-time qRT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH. Values are represented the mean ± SD of triplicated experiments. #P<0.05 versus preadipocytes, * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 versus adipocytes. (B) The protein expressions were detected by Western blot analysis. Cell lysates were prepared and subjected to Western blotting using their specific antibodies.
표 Isotrifoliol regulated ER stress related gene expression in 3T3-L1 cells. Two day post-confluent3T3-L1 preadipocytes (day 0) were treated with indicated concentration of compounds every other day for 4 days. Cells treated with 0.1% DMSO were used as controls (adipocytes). After 4 day incubation, the cells were harvested. The levels of mRNA were measured by real-time qRT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH. Values are represented the mean ± SD of triplicated experiments.
표 Cell viability of KGs, QGs, IRG, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, and rhamnetin in RAW264.7cells. Cells were treated with the indicated concentration of compounds for 24 h. Cell viabilities were assessed using Cyto XTM cell viability assay kit (LPS solution, Korea). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus control.
표 Effects of soy leaf compounds on NO production and ROSaccumulation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells
표 Effects of 70ESL and Xenical on lipid absorption in C57BL/6J mice. Eight-week old C57BL/6J malemice were pretreated with 70ESL (500 mg/kg body weight) or Xenical (50 mg/kg body weight, n = 5) and than administered orally an corn oil (C8267, Sigma) 250 ìl. Values were represented the means ± S.E. a,bMeans not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Glucose tolerance test by 70ESL and 70EBL. 15-week old male C57BL/6J Mice were orallysupplemented 500 mg/kg bw·day of 70ESL, 500 mg/kg bw·day of 70EBL for 10 days. After fasted overnight for 16 h, orally administered with glucose (G7021, Sigma) at a dose of 2 mg/g body weight. Venous plasma glucose was checked 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the glucose injection. Data are expressed as the means ± SE. a,b Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Insulin tolerance test 70ESL and 70EBL. 16-week old male C57BL/6J Mice were orallysupplemented 500 mg/kg body wt·day of 70ESL, 500 mg/kg body wt·day of 70EBL for 10 days. After fasted overnight for 12 h, intraperitoneally administered with insulin (I2643, Sigma) at a dose of 0.5 U/kg body wt. Venous plasma glucose was checked 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min after the insulin injection. Data are expressed as the means ± SE. a,b Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 HPLC profiles of 70ESL and 70EBL for in vivo animal experiment at 254 nm.
표 Experimental design of the anti-diabetic effects of 70ESL and 70EBL
표 The effect of the supplementation of 70ESL and 70EBL on body weight gain and organweight in C57BL/6J mice
표 Representative photographs of WAT, pancreas, liver, and muscle from each group.
표 Effects of the supplementation of 70ESL and 70EBL on plasma parameters in C57BL/6J mice on12-week
표 Effects of 70ESL and 70EBL on plasma total GLP-1 and active GLP-1 level in HFD-fed C57BL/6Jmice. Values are presented as mean ± SE, n = 10. a,b,c Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Effects of 70ESL and 70EBL on plasma adiponectin level in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice. Values arepresented as mean ± SE, n = 10. a,b,c Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Hepatic glycogen content in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice. Vs are presented as mean ± SE, n = 10. a,b Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groupalues (P < 0.05).
표 Effects of the supplementation of 70ESL and 70EBL on hepatic TC and TG contents in HFD-fedC57BL/6J mice. Values are presented as mean ± SE, n = 10. a,b,c Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Histologic analysis of the liver with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice. Liverwere fixed overnight in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, and 5 μm thick sections were mounted on slides and stained with H&E. Original magnification: 200x and 400x.
표 Histologic analysis of the pancreas with H&E (A and B) and insulin IHC (C) staining in HFD-fedC57BL/6J mice. Pancreas were fixed overnight in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, and 5 μm thick sections were mounted on slides. Original magnification (A, C) 200x and (B) 400x.
표 Pancreatic islet size (A) and insulin content (B) in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice. A) The mean size ofpancreatic islet were measured using MetaMorph Imaging System. (B) The pancreas was isolated and homogenized to measure pancreatic insulin levels. Values are presented as mean ± SE, n = 6. a,b Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Histology of abdominal adipose tissue with H&E staining (A) and size of adipocyte (B) in HFD-fedC57BL/6J mice. The mean size of abdominal adipocytes were determined for 200 ~ 300 adipocytes per section using MetaMorph Imaging System. Values are presented as mean ± SE, n = 10. a,b,c Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Effects of 70ESL and 70EBL on the relative mRNA expression levels of intestinal genes related toGLP-1 synthesis. The levels of mRNA in tissue were measured by qRT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH expression. Values are presented as mean ± SE, n = 10. a,b,c Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Effects of 70ESL and 70EBL on the relative mRNA expression levels of pancreas genes related toGLP-1 pathway. The levels of mRNA in tissue were measured by qRT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH expression. Values are presented as mean ± SE, n = 10. a,b,c Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Effects of 70ESL and 70EBL on the relative mRNA expression levels of pancreas genes related toinsulin synthesis. The levels of mRNA in tissue were measured by qRT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH expression. Values are presented as mean ± SE, n = 10. a,b,c Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Effects of 70ESL and 70EBL on the relative mRNA expression levels of pancreas genes related toβ-cell proliferation. The levels of mRNA in tissue were measured by qRT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH expression. Values are presented as mean ± SE, n = 10. a,b,c Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Effects of 70ESL and 70EBL on the relative mRNA expression levels of pancreas genes related toUPR response. The levels of mRNA in tissue were measured by qRT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH expression. Values are presented as mean ± SE, n = 10. a,b,c,d Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Effects of 70ESL and 70EBL on the relative mRNA expression levels of pancreas genes related toUPR response. The levels of mRNA in tissue were measured by qRT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH expression. Values are presented as mean ± SE, n = 10. a,b,c,d Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Effects of the supplementation of 70ESL and 70EBL on gene expression in liver. The levels ofmRNA in liver were measured by qRT-PCR and normalized by GAPDH. Values were represented the means ± S.E, n = 10. a,b,c Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Effect of 70ESL and 70EBL on AMPK activity in liver. AMPK activity was measured by AMPK kinaseassay kit and expressed as absorbance at 450 nm and normalized to the protein content of the samples. Values were represented the means ± S.E, n = 10. a,b,c Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Fig. 82. Effects of the supplementation of 70ESL and 70EBL on gene expression in liver. The levels of mRNA in liver were measured by qRT-PCR and normalized by GAPDH. Values were represented the means ± S.E, n = 10. a,b Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Effects of the supplementation of 70ESL and 70EBL on gene expression in liver. The levels ofmRNA in liver were measured by qRT-PCR and normalized by GAPDH. Values were represented the means ± S.E, n = 10. a,b,c Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Effects of 70ESL and 70EBL on the relative mRNA expression levels of genes in abdominal adiposetissue. The levels of mRNA in abdominal adipose tissue were measured by qRT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH expression. Values are presented as mean ± SE, n = 10. a,b,c Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Effects of 70ESL and 70EBL on the relative mRNA expression levels of genes in abdominal adipose
표 Effects of 70ESL and 70EBL on the relative mRNA expression levels of genes in abdominal adiposeissue. The levels of mRNA in abdominal adipose tissue were measured by qRT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH expression. Values are presented as mean ± SE, n = 10. a,b,c Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Effects of 70ESL and 70EBL on protein expression of PKA and its phosphorylated form in intestine.The intestine tissue of each group was pooled and used for protein extraction, simultaneously. Tissue lysates were prepared and subjected to Western blotting using their specific antibodies.
표 Effects of 70ESL and 70EBL on protein expression of Akt, FoxO1, and their phosphorylated forms in pancreas. The intestine tissue of each group was pooled and used for protein extraction, simultaneously. Tissue lysates were prepared and subjected to Western blotting using their specific antibodies.
표 Effects of 70ESL and 70EBL on protein expression of AMPK and its phosphorylated forms, IRS1,and AKT in liver. The liver tissue of each group was pooled and used for protein extraction, simultaneously. Tissue lysates were prepared and subjected to Western blotting using their specific antibodies.
표 the glucose-induced insulin secretion test performed in pancreatic MIN6 β-cells. MIN6 cells wereseeded into a 24-well plate at a density of 1 × 105 cells per well and grown for 48 h. The cells were washed twice and preincubated for 60 min in glucose-free medium. Then cells were treated with 3 or 30 mM glucose, and compounds (50, 100 μg/ml) incubated for 30 min at 37℃. After incubation, measured the insulin concentration of the media (Alpco diagnostics, insulin ELISA kit).
표 ESL regulated gene expression in MIN6 beta-cells. Cells were grown in culture media (25 mMglucose and 15% FBS in DMEM) with ESL or ESL-GR for 48 h, and then harvested mRNA to be used in qRT-PCR. *p<0.05,**p<0.01 compared with control.
표 PA (palmitate) induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Cells were grown in culture media(low/high glucose) with 0.2 mM PA for 24 h. And then induced by 0.2 μM insulin for 20 min. The protein expression were detected by Western blot analysis. Cell lysates were prepared and subjected to Western blotting using specific antibodies.
표 Effects of EBL on PA (palmitic acid) induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Cells were grown inculture media with 0.2 mM PA and compounds for 24 h. And then induced by 0.2 μM insulin for 20 min. The protein expressions were detected by Western blot analysis. Cell lysates were prepared and subjected to Western blotting using their specific antibodies.
표 PA (palmitate) induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Cells were grown in culture media with0.2 mM PA and compounds for 24 h. And then induced by 0.2 μM insulin for 20 min. The protein expression were detected by Western blot analysis. Cell lysates were prepared and subjected to Western blotting using specific antibodies.
표 PA (palmitate) induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Cells were grown in culture media with0.2 mM PA and compounds for 24 h. And then induced by 0.2 μM insulin for 20 min. The protein expression were detected by Western blot analysis. Cell lysates were prepared and subjected to Western blotting using specific antibodies.
표 Effects of IR12 and IR16 on PA (palmitate) induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Cells weregrown in culture media with 0.2 mM PA and compounds for 24 h. And then induced by 0.2 μM insulin for 20 min. The protein expressions were detected by Western blot analysis. Cell lysates were prepared and subjected to Western blotting using their specific antibodies.
표 Effects of the supplementation ESL and Oatwell on oral glucose tolerance test in HFD-fedC57BL/6J mice. C57BL/6J mice were supplemented with ESL (0.5% or 1% wt/wt diet) and Oatwell (2% wt/wt diet) for 6 weeks. After fasted for 12 h, the C57BL/6J mice were orally injected with glucose (G7021, Sigma) at a dose of 2 g/kg bw. Tail venous blood glucose concentration was checked at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after the glucose injection. Area under the curve (AUC) of plasma glucose levels during the OGTT. Data are expressed as the means ± SE, n = 6. a,b,c Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Effects of ESL or Oatwell on body weight gain in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice. Values are presentedas mean ± SE, n = 5. a,b Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Representative photographs of liver and pancreas from each groups.
표 Effect of ESL and OW on organ weights in HFD-fed B6 mice
표 Effect of ESL and OW on plasma profiles in HFD-fed B6 mice
표 The pancreas was isolated and homogenized to measure pancreatic insulin content. Values arepresented as mean ± SE, n = 5. a,b Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 Effects of the supplementation of ESL and Oatwell on TG and TC contents in liver. Values arepresented as mean ± SE, n = 5.
표 Effects of the supplementation ESL and Oatwell on gene expression in liver. The levels of mRNAin liver were measured by qRT-PCR and normalized by GAPDH. Values were represented the means ± S.E, n = 5. a,b,c,d Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different between groups (P < 0.05).
표 콩잎의 혈액 및 각 조직에서의 항당뇨 작용기전.
표 콩잎 및 콩잎 화합물의 혈당조절 및 체지방개선 작용기전 (참고 16)
표 2013년도 지역별/품종별 콩잎 파종 및 수확 시기
표 2013년도 품종별 콩잎 재배 현황.
표 지역별/품종별 건조 콩잎 확보량
표 Analytical HPLC condition and solvent elution method
표 Yields of hot water extracts from WD, GH, and BB soy leaves cultivated on 2013
표 HPLC profiles of hot water extracts from WD, GH, and BB soy leaves cultivated on 2013(254 nm).
표 Yields of 70% EtOH extracts at 45℃ from WD, GH, and BB soy leaves cultivated on
표 HPLC profiles of 70% EtOH extracts at 45℃ from WD, GH, and BB soy leaves cultivatedon 2013 (Left : 254 nm, Right : 410 nm).
표 Yields of 50% EtOH and 70% EtOH extracts from WD, GH, and BB soy leaves
표 HPLC profiles of 50% and 70% EtOH extracts from WD, GH, and BB soy leavescultivated on 2013 (Left : 254 nm, Right : 410 nm).
표 Yields of serial extraction of WD-107d soy leaves with 70% EtOH (EWL)
표 HPLC profiles of serial 70% EtOH extracts of WD-107d soy leaves (Left : 254 nm, Right :410 nm).
표 Yields of serial extraction of GH-107d soy leaves with 70% EtOH (EGL)
표 HPLC profiles of serial 70% EtOH extracts of GH-107d soy leaves (Left : 254 nm, Right :410 nm).
표 Yields of serial extraction of BB-107d soy leaves with 70% EtOH (EBL)
표 HPLC profiles of serial 70% EtOH extracts of BB-107d soy leaves (Left : 254 nm, Right :410 nm).
표 품종별 추출 조건(회수)에 따른 수율
표 Yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of hot water and 70% EtOHextracts from soy leaves
표 Comparison of LDL-oxidation inhibitory effects according to solvent extractingduration from 2013-JP-BB, WD and GH soy leaves
표 2014년도 품종별 콩잎 파종 및 재배 현황
표 2015년도 품종별 콩잎 파종 및 재배 현황
표 2016년도 품종별 콩잎 파종 및 재배 현황
표 2014년도 시기별 콩잎 대량 재배 현장 (GH 품종).
표 2014년도 시기별 콩잎 대량 재배 현장 (BB 품종).
표 2015년도 시기별 GH 콩잎 대량 재배 현장.
표 2015년도 시기별 BB 콩잎 대량 재배 현장.
표 2015년도 시기별 GB 콩잎 대량 재배 현장.
표 2016년도 시기별 GH 콩잎 대량 재배 현장.
표 2016년도 시기별 BB 콩잎 대량 재배 현장.
표 2016년도 시기별 GB 콩잎 대량 재배 현장.
표 품종에 따른 면적당 콩잎 생산성
표 일령별 콩잎의 크기
표 일령별 콩잎의 크기
표 주정추출분말 동결건조 사진 (2013년도 GH 품종).
표 인체시험용 PTH 시제품 생산을 위한 공정도.
표 자연 건조를 통한 수분제거 상황.
표 식용 가능한 식품 원료의 추출, 농축 및 건조 과정.
표 건조분말 확보를 위한 추출, 농축, 건조 공정 조건 요약표
표 농축된 추출물의 동결건조 단계별 조건
표 품종별 공정 단계별 회수율
표 인체시험 전체 실험군 1일 복용량 설정
표 Certificate of gamma irradiation.
표 Standard curves of gallic acid for total phenols and quercetin for total flavonoids.
표 Contents of total phenolics and flavonoids of 70ESL and 70EBL for clinical trial
표 HPLC profiles of (A-1) 70ESL, (A-2) 70ESL in irradiated capsules, (B-1) 70EBL, and(B-2) 70EBL in irradiated capsules.
표 Calibration curves and regression equations of standards KG6 and KG7.
표 Contents of KG6 and KG7 in 70ESL for clinical trail
표 Calibration curves and regression equations of standards QG4 and QG5.
표 Contents of QG4 and QG5 in 70EBL for clinical trail
표 주요 혈당 개선 제품 및 제형
표 콩잎추출물 GH와 BB의 잔류농약 측정 항목
표 콩잎추출분말 GH의 잔류농약 분석 결과.
표 콩잎추출분말 BB의 잔류농약 분석 결과.
표 콩잎추출물 GH와 BB의 영양성분 및 중금속 분석 결과 요약표
표 콩잎추출분말 GH의 영양 성분 및 중금석 분석 결과.
표 콩잎추출분말 BB의 영양 성분 및 중금석 분석 결과.
표 기능성 성분을 달리한 type 별 혈당 제품
표 Comparison of dry weights in 70% EtOH extracts of various soy leaves
표 Comparison of KG7 contents in 70% EtOH extracts of various soy leaves havingdifferent storage method
표 Comparison of KG7 and QG5 contents in 70% EtOH extracts of various soy leaveshaving different storage method
표 콩잎추출분말의 유통기한 설정 사유서
표 콩잎주정추출분말의 식품제조방법 설명서
표 식품제조가공업 영업등록증.
표 식품제조보고서.
표 ‘인슈파워’의 영양·기능 정보
표 인슈파워의 시험 성적서
표 인슈파워의 기본 정보
표 ‘인슈파워’의 제품 사진.
표 ‘다이아라파워’의 제품 사진.
표 Process of human experiment
표 Experimental design for human experiment
표 Composition of experimental supplement
표 Baseline characteristics
표 Nutrients intake in subjects with overweight or obesity by 24h dietary recall before the trial
표 Nutrients intake in subjects with overweight or obesity by 24h dietary recall after thetrial
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extractsupplementation for 12 weeks on changes of body weight, BFP, BMI, and WHR-related body measurements in subjects with overweight or obesity
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract supplementationfor 12 weeks on changes of waist circumference, hip circumference and WHR in subjects with overweight or obesity
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extractsupplementation for 12 weeks on changes of blood pressure level in subjects with overweight or obesity.
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract supplementationon supplementation on the levels of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in subjects with overweight or obesity
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract supplementationfor 12 weeks on change of plasma triglyceride level in subjects with metabolic syndrome
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract supplementationon the levels of the plasma triglyceride, free fatty acid and phospholipid in subjects with overweight or obesity
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract supplementationfor 12 weeks on change of plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, HTR and AI level in subjects with metabolic syndrome
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract supplementationon change of plasma total-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, HTR and AI level in subjects with overweight or obesity.
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract supplementationfor 12 weeks on change of plasma Apo A-1 and Apo B level in subjects with metabolic syndrome
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract supplementationon change of plasma apolipoprotein A-Ⅰ and apolipoprotein B level in subjects with overweight or obesity.
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract supplementationfor 12 weeks on change of plasma MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-10 level in subjects with metabolic syndrome
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract supplementationon change of MCP-1, PAI-1, IL-6 and IL-10 level in subjects with overweight or obesity.
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract supplementationfor 12 weeks on change of plasma adiponectin, leptin and resistin level in subjects with metabolic syndrome
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract supplementationon change of MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-10 level in subjects with overweight or obesity.
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract supplementationfor 12 weeks on change of plasma fasting whole blood glucose and plasma glucose concentrations in subjects with metabolic syndrome
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract supplementationfor 12 weeks on change of plasma insulin, C-peptide concentrations and HOMA-IR in subjects with metabolic syndrome
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract supplementationfor 12 weeks on changes of erythrocytic antioxidant enzymes activities in subjects with metabolic syndrome
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract on change oferythrocytic antioxidant enzyme activities in subjects with overweight or obesity
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract supplementationfor 12 weeks on changes of erythrocytic TBARS level in subjects with metabolic syndrome
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract on change oferythrocytic TBARS level in subjects with overweight or obesity
표 Effect of black soybean leaf ethanol extract or soybean leaf ethanol extract supplementationfor 12 weeks on changes of plasma GOT, plasma GPT, urine BUN and plasma albumin levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome

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