[보고서]원자력시설 DD&R 선진 기술 개발

서범경

보고서 정보

주관연구기관

한국원자력연구원
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute

연구책임자

서범경

참여연구자

조재선 , 김기철 , 박광수 , 송정호 , 안승건 , 조규성

보고서유형

최종보고서

발행국가

대한민국

언어

한국어

발행년월

2020-01

주관부처

과학기술정보통신부
Ministry of Science and ICT

등록번호

TRKO202100019874

DB 구축일자

2022-03-26

키워드

특성평가.제염.원격절단.폐기물.부지 환경복원.radiological characterization.decontamination.remote cutting.waste.site remediation.

표 Status of radioactive waste management system
표 Waste treatment process in waste information tracking system
표 Conceptual design of VR based waste information tracking system
표 Evaluation algorithm according to change of waste characteristic information
표 Comparison of optimization algorithm
표 Cost evaluation procedure of process optimization system
표 Conceptual diagram of integrated system
표 Example of waste treatment process status
표 KRR-2 Heat exchanger optimization assessment results
표 Optimization assessment results using overseas cases
표 Result of comparative analysis with actual cost
표 Economic evaluation according to performance of decontamination process
표 Radioactive depth distribution analysis method with effect on the source size and density
표 Quantitative method for Radioactivity depth distribution
표 Application of in situ measurement for radioactivity distributions in Jeju Island
표 Application of in situ measurement for radioactivity depth distributions in Fukushima
표 Application of in situ measurement for radioactivity depth distributions of activation concrete in accelerator facility
표 Activity of Cl-36 and Ca-411 in concrete with MCNPX simulation
표 Activity of Cl-36, Ca-41 and Co-60 after shutdown
표 Extraction efficiency of Ca-41 dependent on the pretreatment
표 Pretreatment process for analysis Cl-36 and Ca-41
표 Chemical separation process of Ca-41 and Cl-36
표 Simultaneous measured energy spectrum of Fe-55 and Ni-59
표 Conceptual design of rapid and automatic measurement system for Fe-55 and Ni-59
표 Automatic measurement system for Fe-55 and Ni-59 (a: Auto sample changer, b: sample plate rotation methods, c: Block diagram in the FPGA, d: Design of the high voltage control circuit of SDD)
표 Sequential separation of Tc-99 and Ni-59
표 Continuous separation equipment of the single radionuclide in the multi samples
표 Mini-furnace and operation program developed by KAERI
표 Conceptual design of the large scale waste classification system depend on the contamination level
표 Conceptual design of the on-site analytical laboratory
표 Monitoring system of continuous operations for the decontamination wastewater treatment
표 Results of the separation of precipitates after the wastewater treatment using the filter press equipment
표 Results of the wastewater treatment tests [ppm]
표 Precipitation results of metal ions and sulfate using Ba(OH)2
표 Equilibrium calculation results of the removal tests of SO4 and metal ions in a decontamination wastewater surrogate
표 Concentrations of residual ions in the wastewater surrogate after the removal tests
표 4 different models for continuous SP-HyBRID Process
표 Design of the facility for continuous treatment of HyBRID decontamination wastewater
표 Photo of the facility for continuous treatment of HyBRID decontamination wastewater
표 Color change of simulated oxidation decontamination solution at absorbed doses of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80kGy; (a) SP and (b) SP(Cu)
표 Remaining portion of KMnO4 in the oxidation decontamination solution during ɤ-ray irradiation
표 Radiolytic decomposition mechanism of the hydrazine in HyBRID decontamination agent
표 Design of a facility derived for fully continuous treatment of HyBRID decontamination wastewater
표 Gibb’s free energy of the reaction between Mn2+ and MnO4-
표 Gibb’s free energy of the reaction between Mn2+ and MnO4-
표 Conversion results of MnO4- into an oxide form using N2H4
표 Process flow diagram of mobile type process appliance
표 3D design of mobile HyBRID integration facility
표 Experimental apparatus for foam decontamination
표 Composition of various decontamination foams
표 Decontamination performance for NiFe2O4(a) and FeCr2O4(b) specimens
표 Concept(a), foam generator design(b), and equipment(c) of bench-scale foam equipment
표 Dissolution results using acidic decontamination foam in bench scale decontamination equipment for NiFe2O4 (a) and oxidative decontamination foam for FeCr2O4
표 Foam decontamination performance apparatus in hot-lab
표 Decontamination results in DF(a) and images(b) for Inconel 690 specimen using oxidative decontamination foam
표 Multi-step decontamination performance for Inconel 690 sealing assembly by applying acidic foam followed by oxidative foam
표 Foam stability of formulation including various viscosifier in 1% v/v M100
표 The schematic of mixture of air and foam
표 Process design(a) and experimental equipment(b) of dynamic foam test
표 Friction factor – Reynolds number correlation in a circular vertical pipe for dynamic foam flow
표 Scheme of the high tech nuclear facility dismantling system
표 Components of the high tech nuclear facility dismantle system
표 Diagram of control framework and dismantling system
표 Point cloud registration framework
표 Digital mock-up update result
표 Extrinsic parameter estimation test (a) concept of the test (b) test setup
표 System framework
표 Hardware configuration of test bed & Cutting test result
표 Concept and prototype of 3D scanner
표 Results of underwater 3D scanning and calibration
표 Test result (red points: scanned data, yellow points: registration results)
표 GUI framework
표 User interface of integrated control framework
표 Drive component diagram
표 Assembly of the driving module and vane
표 Vane motor test result: (a) position (b) position error
표 Underwater manipulator design
표 Concept of the control system
표 Design of module-type underwater cutting manipulator
표 Dynamics analysis of designed manipulator
표 Control system for a dismantling manipulator
표 Final Design of module-type underwater cutting manipulator
표 Manufactured module-type underwater cutting manipulator
표 Specification of the developed manipulator
표 Payload test with 300 kg
표 Cutting experiment with a SUS block having 100 mm width
표 Scheme of the underwater laser cutting device
표 Design requirements of the underwater laser cutting head
표 View of the fabricated underwater laser cutting head
표 Underwater air cavity nozzle: (left) before installation, (right) after installation
표 Performance complement of the underwater cutting head
표 Maximum cutting speeds of the 50mm thick SUS 304L against variations of stand-off distance and focal positions
표 Maximum cutting speeds of the 50mm thick SUS 304L against variations of stand-off distance and focal positions
표 Maximum cutting speeds against the specimen thickness with the 10-kW laser system
표 Maximum cutting speed map against focal position and stand-off distance
표 3D shape measurement technology classification
표 Composition of commercial product using optical triangulation method
표 Procedure of radiation hardening
표 Irradiation test sample and test condition
표 Requirement of 3D sensor design
표 HW configuration and test HW module
표 Configuration of structure type 3D sensor
표 Scene of irradiation test
표 Allowable total dose of several components
표 Algorithm flowchart
표 Target object(left) and 3D reconstruction result(right)
표 Comparison of the values measured with 3D sensing and rulers
표 Error between real value and measured value
표 Schematic diagram of radioactive concrete waste and major compositions analyzed by EDS
표 (A) Distribution of aggregate and fine power and (B) residual cement in the particles above 1mm separated by different treatment methods
표 Conceptual process diagram for treatment of radioactive concrete waste with clearance of aggregate and cement
표 Residual radioactivity percentage of Co-60, Sr-90, and Cs-137 after heating dissolution of concrete powder
표 Residual cement amounts and major elements in the particle above 1mm after different treatment methods
표 Radioactivity of aggregate separated by each treatment step for the concrete waste with (A) high and (B) low contamination
표 Hydrolysis products and solubilities of Co and Eu, and their coagulation behaviors in supernatant of concrete wastewater
표 Radioactivity of Cs-137 and Sr-90 of supernatant solutions after different precipitation treatments
표 Effect of initial pH of solution on the separation factor between Co and Eu with various extractants
표 Process flow diagram for volume reduction treatment of radioactive concrete waste
표 Process flow diagram for volume reduction treatment of radioactive concrete fine powder contaminated by multiple radionuclides
표 Establishment thermal decontamination reaction steps and gas evolution characteristics of spent activated carbons
표 Changes in C-14 radioactivity of stepwise treated spent activated carbons during the course of 1st VD(vacuum desorption) at 1,000℃ and 5 Pa, 2nd VD at 1,20 0℃ and 0.5 Pa, and SO(surface oxidation) at 700℃ after filling with oxygen into evacuated pores and pressurizing with O2 at 5 bar
표 Schematic diagram of the bench-scale thermochemical process for the treatment of spent activated carbon and the picture of installed bench-scale process
표 Optimization of vacuum desorption process condition and sulface oxidation condition
표 P&ID of pilot-scale (20 L/batch) thermochemical treatment process and design of the reactor for the treatment of spent activated carbons
표 Experimental scheme of thermochemical process of spent activated carbon treatment
표 Composition of alkaline earth metal incorporated glass
표 (a) XRD patterns and (b) TGA curves of Sr-glass-Na2O before and after adsorption of carbon dioxide for 1 hour
표 (a) Hypothesized CO2 adsorption mechanism for alkaline earth metal incorporated glass adsorbent, (b) Mechanism of CO2 capture using Sr-glass-Na2O in each stage
표 CO2 capacity of (a) Sr-glass-Na2O, (b) Sr-glass-K2O, (c) Ca-glass-Na2O and (d) Ca-glass-K2O with time under room temperature and atmospheric pressure
표 Theoretical and Experimental CO2 capacity for each adsorbent and efficiency of alkaline earth metal
표 (a) XRD pattern of heat-treated Sr-glass-Na2O, and (b) TGA curve of heat-treated Sr-glass-Na2O after adsorption of carbon dioxide for 1 hour at room temperature
표 (a) XRD pattern before and after adsorbing CO2 using Sr-glass-Na2O after beta ray radiation, (b) CO2 capacity of Sr-glass-Na2O after beta ray radiation
표 Schematic diagram and photo of equipment for the CO2 mineralization used in this study
표 Changes in pressures of the high pressure CO2 supplier(burette) and temperatures of the mixture with Ca(OH)2 and purified water, XRD patterns of the product from the CO2 mineralization tests
표 XRD-patterns of a solidification product of CaCO3 using the low melting glass(waste loading: 40 wt%, 500℃)
표 SEM-mapping of a solidification product of CaCO3 using the low melting glass(waste loading: 40 wt%, 500℃)
표 Sodium borate compounds
표 Compressive strengths and waste loading of geopolymer under different experimental conditions
표 Compressive strengths of geopolymer with curing time
표 Leachability index of geopolymer containing borax wastes
표 DSC curves and its secondary derivative curves of in the cases without and with addition of 1.9 wt% B2O3 in the uranium-bearing waste
표 Formation mechanism of glass-encapsulated ceramic wasteform from uranium-bearing waste generated from treatment of spent uranium catalyst by sintering process
표 Photos of sintered uranium bearing waste-B2O3 system with a ratio of B2O3 to SiO2 of 7:2 with a change of sintering temperature
표 SEM images of spent adsorbents after sintering process and volatility/leachability of Cs from CHA-PCFC(right (A) hybrid, (B) hybrid-II)
표 Concept of packing sintered radioactive waste for disposal in drum. (A) Disk-type sintered body, (B) 4-piece quarter disk-type sintered body
표 Photos of assembly of sintered bodies which were manufactured by 4 quarters of green body disk in 40 cm diameter
표 Comparison of Cs removal efficiency by type of clay mineral and various desorption reagents
표 Cesium LIII-edge EXAFS spectra for Cs adsorbed illite, hydrobiotite, and montmorillonite (a) k3-weighted x(k) oscillation and (b) corresponding RSFs (phase shift uncorrected). Black solid line: experimental data; dotted line: fit data
표 XRD patterns of the HBT after H2O2 treatment ([H2O2]=35%, [NH4+], [Mg2+]= 0.1M)
표 133Cs+ desorption from HBT upon H2O2 treatment (a) under various conditions ([NH4+], [Mg2+]= 0.1M), (b) with different Mg2+ concentrations
표 Sequential radioactive 137Cs+ desorption from HBT under various treatment conditions
표 Mineralogical properties of silt/clay samples collected from Kori and Wolsong, and Cs adsorption properties of the samples
표 Removal efficiency of (a) non-radioactive Cs and (b) radioactive Cs-137 by oxalic acid, HCl and H2SO4 in illite, and conditions for treatment at 0.015M to 1.5M at 70℃ for 2days
표 Overall process for treatment of soil washing solution by precipitation method
표 Initial concentration of washing wastewater and metal ion and Cs concentration after treatment of Ca(OH)2 and NaTPB
표 Schematic diagram of EK remediation equipment
표 Variations of Cs removal efficiency with time during EK remediation
표 Magnetic separation of Cs-clay with cationic polymer(PEI)-coated MNPs from soil
$Removal efficiency of 137Cs from soil and nonmagnetic/magnetic soil fractions after magnetic separation using PEI-MNPs$ 표 Removal efficiency of 137Cs from soil and nonmagnetic/magnetic soil fractions after magnetic separation using PEI-MNPs
표 (a) SEM image of TiO2, (b) hollow cubic like and (c) (d) hollow flower like titanium ferrocyanide
표 Langmuir isotherm fitting of Cs isotherm by hollow flower like titanium ferrocyanide and Cs removal efficiency in water containing competing ions or groundwater condition
표 (a) synthetic procedure of alginate bead containing hollow flow-like titanium ferrocyanide and zeolite and (b) their digital image and (c) SEM image
표 removal efficiency of Cs and Sr from water and groundwater using various algiante containing hollow flower like titanium ferrocyanide and NaX zeolite
표 (a) SEM and EDX image of NaA, NaX, Chabazite, Mordernite functionalized with S and (b) results of XPS analysis of Chabazite and S-Chabazite
표 (a) Cs removal and Kd values, and (b) Sr removal and Kd values from groundwater using S-NaA, S-NaX, S-Chabazite, S-Mordernite
표 (a) Mass synthesized Tifc-zeolite bead (b) SEM image of the bead (c) Mass profile of the bead series depending on the heat temperature
표 Simultaneous removal of Cs/Sr by Tifc-zeolite bead (at groundwater condition)
표 CSTR experimental system (left) Cs/Sr conc. in the effluent (right)
표 Sequence of groundwater treatment train unit processes and applicable technologies
표 Conceptual flowsheet for the treatment of contaminated groundwater in P&T system
표 (a) FTIR spectrum of H2O/D2O mixture. (b) Equilibrium of H2O/HDO/D2O (c) correlation between [H2O]eq/[HDO]eq in bending motion and [D2O]ini at equilibrium
표 (a) Correlation between a number of carboxylate groups and D2O reduction from the H2O/D2O (50:50). Effect of (b) Pd contents in hydrogels and (c) concentration of Pd/polyacrylate hydrogels (Pd 2%, 10 cross-liking) on reduction of H-3 in tritiated wate
표 (a) Scheme of the surface decontamination procedure and digital images for the surface decontamination using PVA-borate/prussian blue based strippable coating
표 (a) The synthetic route of phenyl boron conjugated poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (b) formation and (c) digital image of the PVA-phenyl borate based complex containing adsorbent
표 (a) Schematic procedure of Integrated Wash-Aid, Treatment, and Emergency Reuse System (IWATERS) from EPA, (b) schematic procedure of the surface decontamination using PVA-borax/adsorbent based spray coating and their recover process using flood barriers and filtration systems
표 (a) Viscosity of spray coating generated by mixing solution 1 containing 5 wt% PVA and solution 2 containing various wt% borax, (b) viscosity change of spray coating containing various adsorbent such as PB, zeolite and bentonite (c) storage and loss modulus of spray coating containing zeolite
표 Experimental results special spray system with hydrogel at (a)0, (b)10, (c)20 sec. (d) schematic diagram of special spray system and (e) removal of generated hydrogel on the surface
표 Technologies for practical application of decommissioning
표 Background of technologies for practical application
표 Development strategy for practical application of technologies
표 Framework for practical application of technologies
표 Schedule of projects for practical application (1/5)
표 Activities of projects for practical application (1/5)
표 Schedule of projects for practical application (2/5)
표 Activities of projects for practical application (2/5)
표 Schedule of projects for practical application (3/5)
표 Activities of projects for practical application (3/5)
표 Schedule of projects for practical application (4/5)
표 Activities of projects for practical application (4/5)
표 Schedule of projects for practical application (5/5)
표 Activities of projects for practical application (5/5)
표 Processes of projects for practical application (1/5)
표 Processes of projects for practical application (2/5)
표 Processes of projects for practical application (3/5)
표 Processes of projects for practical application (4/5)
표 Processes of projects for practical application (5/5)
표 Matrix of data collection from practical application
표 Conceptual database of projects for practical application
표 Categories of data from projects of practical application
표 Categories of database from projects of practical application
표 Automatic system for measuring surface contamination of facilities
표 Software of automatic system for measuring surface contamination of facilities
표 Estimated scenario of system
표 Operating method for measuring surface contamination of facilities
표 Detection efficiency of LB-124 SCINT 300
표 Detection efficiency of LB-124 SCINT 300
표 Detection efficiency of LB-124 SCINT 300
표 Detection efficiency of LB-124 SCINT 300
표 Detection efficiency of LB-124 SCINT 300
표 Detection efficiency of LB-124 SCINT 300
표 Detection efficiency of LB-124 SCINT 300
표 Measurement algorithm for measuring surface contamination of facilities
표 Performance evaluation according to measurement mode (stage measurements/continuous measurements) of a measuring system
표 Performance evaluation according to measurement mode (stage measurements/continuous measurements) of a measuring system
표 In-situ measurement system for residual radioactivity at the decommissioning site
표 Structure and logic of an integrated program
표 Internal Composition of large area contamination detector
표 Energy spectrum of Co-60 radioisotope & GPS signal
표 Operation of GPS and GIS
표 Energy spectrum of environmental radiation
표 Background signal and energy spectrum (Co-6o) of PVT detector
표 Background signal and energy spectrum (Co-6o, Cs-137) of HPGe detector
표 Configuration of PVT detector and HPGe detector using anti-coincidence method
표 Efficiency of compton continuum inhibition according to the front and rear thickness variation
표 Negative Offset: Unsuppressed (blue), -5cm (red), -9cm (green), -13cm (purple), -17cm (yellow), -1cm (black)
표 Energy spectrum of Co-60 radioisotope using anti-coincidence method
표 Improvement of large area contamination detector for measuring residual radioactivity at the decommissioning site
표 Detector and systems using integrated programs
표 Before and after improvement of height of large area contamination detector
표 Pilot scale HyBRID process
표 Chemical Decontamination Equipment
표 Flow diagram of chemical decontamination pilot equipment
표 Chemical decontamination pilot equipment and waste liquid treatement equipment
표 Waste liquid treatment equipment P&ID
표 Mix Tank 및 Clean Water Tank
표 Chemical Tank
표 Filter Press for precipitation removal
표 Waste liquid treatment equipment Control system
표 FSD Pilot Module
표 FSD Pilot 3D model
표 Full system decontamination chemical process
표 Plant System Skid Components
표 Plant System Skid(1)
표 Plant System Skid(2)
표 FSD System Skid Components
표 Full System Decontamination Skid
표 Chemical Injection Skid Components
표 Chemical Injection System
표 Waste water treatment system
표 Chemical products addition amount of HyBRID process(300L)
표 HyBRID chemical decontamination pilot equipment main tank
표 HyBRID chemical decontamination pilot equipment inside monitoring
표 RCP component decontamination process performance evaluation ion Concentration measurement by 1st test
표 Copy specimens before(R) and after(L) chemical decontamination
표 HyBRID waste water treatment process
표 Filter and filtered precipitate in the filterpress
표 Turbidity trend by filterpress time
표 Loop test equipment P&ID
표 RCP Shaft Mock-up and Ultrasonic Tank
표 Loop test equipment
표 The revised loop test equipment
표 Loop test equipment modification
표 The simulated specimens before/after decontamination by loop test equipment
표 HyBRID loop test process
표 Loop test equipment with RCP shaft
표 The RCP Shaft before/after decontamination
표 The RCP Shaft dose rate(mSv/hr)
표 Autoclave reactor and the simulated pipe specimens
표 HyBRID FSD Pilot test method
표 Pipe specimens weight loss
표 Test vessel and pipe specimens(After Decontamination)
표 Simulation module specification
표 Programming module specification
표 Modeling program specification
표 Reactor & internal of Kori unit 1 (Left : Reactor, Right : Internal)
표 Cavity of Kori unit 1
표 Typical equipment for dismantling internals
표 Typical equipment for dismantling reactor
표 Establishment flow of dismantling process
표 Specification of reactor
표 Specification of internals
표 Specification of internals(continue)
표 Specific activity result by location
표 Specific activity result by location(continue)
표 Specific activity result by location(continue)
표 Specific activity result by location(continue)
표 Specific activity result by location(continue)
표 Specific activity result by location(continue)
표 Specific activity result by location(continue)
표 View of cutting for C/S
표 Cutting experiment result
표 View of cutting for STS bolt
표 Cutting experiment result
표 Summary of measurement result for concrete inside reactor building
표 Summary of nuclide measurement result inside reactor building
표 Shape of viewer
표 Example of D/B
표 Central processing device & graphics card PassMark Chart
표 Hardware specification
표 Haptic device specification

과제명(ProjectTitle) :	-
연구책임자(Manager) :	-
과제기간(DetailSeriesProject) :	-
총연구비 (DetailSeriesProject) :	-
키워드(keyword) :	-
과제수행기간(LeadAgency) :	-
연구목표(Goal) :	-
연구내용(Abstract) :	-
기대효과(Effect) :	-

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원자력시설 DD&R 선진 기술 개발
Development of the Advanced Decommissioning, Decontamination, and Remediation Technology for Nuclear Facilities 원문보기

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Development of the Advanced Decommissioning, Decontamination, and Remediation Technology for Nuclear Facilities 원문보기

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표/그림 (300)