This study was composed of two parts. In the first part, the nutritional status and related factors like food habit, food purchasing behavior and depression rate were assessed for the elderly living alone(ELA) along with the elderly not living alone(ENLA). The subjects were 140 female elderly(living...
This study was composed of two parts. In the first part, the nutritional status and related factors like food habit, food purchasing behavior and depression rate were assessed for the elderly living alone(ELA) along with the elderly not living alone(ENLA). The subjects were 140 female elderly(living alone 70 : not living alone 70) from low income status in purchon city. Dietary data were obtained with 24-hr recall method and food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were also done. In the second part, the food supplying program for eight months was performed for 27 elderly from the elderly living alone. Foods supplied were consisted with soymilk, vegetables, fruits and fish. The effect of the food supplying on nutritional status and depression rate were analyzed for 22 elderly who completed the program(group supplied with food : GSF) compared to the group not supplied with food(GNSF). The results of this study were as follows. 1. Nutritional status and related factors of ELA 1) Elderly living-alone(ELA) Most of ELAs were on national welfare program and were supported most of the living expense from national or local government. Their monthly income was about 100,000 to 200,000won, and they spent about 50,000 to 100,000won buying food. Most of ELA(78.6%) responded they had no help from neighbours, sons, daughters and relatives. Total scores of mental depression estimated by 12 questions was 8.59±2.69, which showed serious mental depression. Total score of health-nutrition risk index estimated by 10 questions was 8.09±3.39, which was evaluated as high risk in health-nutrition status. Most of the ELA were purchasing foods for themselves spent less than 3,000won(2.5$) for one grocery shopping and preferred village shop or wholesale market as a shopping center. ELA(75%) thought quantity and cost was the most important factors to select food items and bought foods as raw materials not processed seventy seven percent of ELA were not satisfied the foods purchased and responded that they didn't have enough food stored(60.4%) home. ELA were cooking personally(94.3%) with a convenient way(59.1%) in the kitchen at home(98.6%), seventeen percent of ELA skipped breakfast and 15.7% had leftovers for lunch. They had highest score in "Try not to skip meal and eat enough.", "Having cooked rice, bread or noodle every meal." and "Having a dish of vegetables every meal.". It was showed that 51.4% of ELA are feeling they are not healthy even though they can walk without a stick(85.7%). More subjects were distributed in high monthly income(more than 300,000won). Total score of mental depression for ELA was higher than that of ENLA's. Total score of health-nutrition risk index ELA(8.09±3.37) was also higher than that of ENLA(2.31±2.22). Dietary assessment with 24hr-recall method showed that ELA had lower nutrients intakes, and significant difference were shown in intakes of energy(1137kcal vs 1275kcal), animal protein, animal fat, carbohydrates(182.7g vs 212.0g), animal Ca, animal Fe. Anthropometric measurement revealed significant difference between measurements of 2 groups(ELA/ENLA) for height, weight, BMI, TSF, suprailiac, subscapular, Fat% by BIA. ELA showed significantly lower data for most of the anthropometric indices except PIBW. Biochemical indicators of iron status(hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin saturation) were significantly lower for ELA, whereas total serum cholesterol, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, for ELA were significantly higher and the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia(≥240mg%) was 30% which were not accordance with general malnutrition of ELA. Higher depression score, lower energy intake especially lower carbohydrate intake, lower vegetable protein, lower serum Ca were correlated with higher serum cholesterol. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that depression score, health-nutrition risk index, carbohydrate intake were main factors affecting total serum cholesterol(R2 = 9.52%). Therefore higher serum cholesterol level of ELA seemed partly due to their higher depression score, higher health-nutrition risk index, lower carbohydrate intake and lower serum Ca. 2. The effect of food-supply program for 8 months on nutritional and health status. The range of contribution percentage of nutrient intakes by supplied foods was 6.5~10.7% of total intake of each nutrient per day. Degree of depression estimated with depression score and health-nutrition risk index were decresed and the scores of dietary habit and nutritional behaviors were increased for the elderly group supplied with food(GSF) 8 months. However these improvement were not shown in group not supplied with food(GNSF). Supplied foods increased intakes of energy, plant protein, plant fat, iron and vitaminA significantly for GSF. Energy from the increased consumption of soybeans, fruits and eggs looked contributed the increased energy intake of GSF. Fat and protein from elevated consumption of soybean of GSF increased plant fat and plant protein intake, respectively. GSF showed significant increase in MAC and Fat%. Serum protein was significantly lowed in GNSF but RBC count was elevated in GSF. Total serum cholesterol, LDL-C were significantly lowered in only NSG and decrease in total serum cholesterol was correlated with decrease in depression score, increase in regularity of meal time, increase of milk intake, increase of vegetable intake, decrease in occurrence of disease that can affect their appetite and increase in serum Ca. Decrease of total serum cholesterol was also correlated with the increase food frequency in rice with whole grain, soymilk, beef soup, and roasted beef. Multiple stepwise regression showed that the most prominent factors that seemed contributed to the decrease of cholesterol in elderly were not losing interest and desire for daily after life, not having disease that can affects to the appetite, regularity of meal time, elevated serum calcium, increased frequency in beef soup and roasted beef after food supplying program. These factors could explain 51.84% of variation in serum total cholesterol change showed after food supplying program.
This study was composed of two parts. In the first part, the nutritional status and related factors like food habit, food purchasing behavior and depression rate were assessed for the elderly living alone(ELA) along with the elderly not living alone(ENLA). The subjects were 140 female elderly(living alone 70 : not living alone 70) from low income status in purchon city. Dietary data were obtained with 24-hr recall method and food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were also done. In the second part, the food supplying program for eight months was performed for 27 elderly from the elderly living alone. Foods supplied were consisted with soymilk, vegetables, fruits and fish. The effect of the food supplying on nutritional status and depression rate were analyzed for 22 elderly who completed the program(group supplied with food : GSF) compared to the group not supplied with food(GNSF). The results of this study were as follows. 1. Nutritional status and related factors of ELA 1) Elderly living-alone(ELA) Most of ELAs were on national welfare program and were supported most of the living expense from national or local government. Their monthly income was about 100,000 to 200,000won, and they spent about 50,000 to 100,000won buying food. Most of ELA(78.6%) responded they had no help from neighbours, sons, daughters and relatives. Total scores of mental depression estimated by 12 questions was 8.59±2.69, which showed serious mental depression. Total score of health-nutrition risk index estimated by 10 questions was 8.09±3.39, which was evaluated as high risk in health-nutrition status. Most of the ELA were purchasing foods for themselves spent less than 3,000won(2.5$) for one grocery shopping and preferred village shop or wholesale market as a shopping center. ELA(75%) thought quantity and cost was the most important factors to select food items and bought foods as raw materials not processed seventy seven percent of ELA were not satisfied the foods purchased and responded that they didn't have enough food stored(60.4%) home. ELA were cooking personally(94.3%) with a convenient way(59.1%) in the kitchen at home(98.6%), seventeen percent of ELA skipped breakfast and 15.7% had leftovers for lunch. They had highest score in "Try not to skip meal and eat enough.", "Having cooked rice, bread or noodle every meal." and "Having a dish of vegetables every meal.". It was showed that 51.4% of ELA are feeling they are not healthy even though they can walk without a stick(85.7%). More subjects were distributed in high monthly income(more than 300,000won). Total score of mental depression for ELA was higher than that of ENLA's. Total score of health-nutrition risk index ELA(8.09±3.37) was also higher than that of ENLA(2.31±2.22). Dietary assessment with 24hr-recall method showed that ELA had lower nutrients intakes, and significant difference were shown in intakes of energy(1137kcal vs 1275kcal), animal protein, animal fat, carbohydrates(182.7g vs 212.0g), animal Ca, animal Fe. Anthropometric measurement revealed significant difference between measurements of 2 groups(ELA/ENLA) for height, weight, BMI, TSF, suprailiac, subscapular, Fat% by BIA. ELA showed significantly lower data for most of the anthropometric indices except PIBW. Biochemical indicators of iron status(hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin saturation) were significantly lower for ELA, whereas total serum cholesterol, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, for ELA were significantly higher and the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia(≥240mg%) was 30% which were not accordance with general malnutrition of ELA. Higher depression score, lower energy intake especially lower carbohydrate intake, lower vegetable protein, lower serum Ca were correlated with higher serum cholesterol. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that depression score, health-nutrition risk index, carbohydrate intake were main factors affecting total serum cholesterol(R2 = 9.52%). Therefore higher serum cholesterol level of ELA seemed partly due to their higher depression score, higher health-nutrition risk index, lower carbohydrate intake and lower serum Ca. 2. The effect of food-supply program for 8 months on nutritional and health status. The range of contribution percentage of nutrient intakes by supplied foods was 6.5~10.7% of total intake of each nutrient per day. Degree of depression estimated with depression score and health-nutrition risk index were decresed and the scores of dietary habit and nutritional behaviors were increased for the elderly group supplied with food(GSF) 8 months. However these improvement were not shown in group not supplied with food(GNSF). Supplied foods increased intakes of energy, plant protein, plant fat, iron and vitaminA significantly for GSF. Energy from the increased consumption of soybeans, fruits and eggs looked contributed the increased energy intake of GSF. Fat and protein from elevated consumption of soybean of GSF increased plant fat and plant protein intake, respectively. GSF showed significant increase in MAC and Fat%. Serum protein was significantly lowed in GNSF but RBC count was elevated in GSF. Total serum cholesterol, LDL-C were significantly lowered in only NSG and decrease in total serum cholesterol was correlated with decrease in depression score, increase in regularity of meal time, increase of milk intake, increase of vegetable intake, decrease in occurrence of disease that can affect their appetite and increase in serum Ca. Decrease of total serum cholesterol was also correlated with the increase food frequency in rice with whole grain, soymilk, beef soup, and roasted beef. Multiple stepwise regression showed that the most prominent factors that seemed contributed to the decrease of cholesterol in elderly were not losing interest and desire for daily after life, not having disease that can affects to the appetite, regularity of meal time, elevated serum calcium, increased frequency in beef soup and roasted beef after food supplying program. These factors could explain 51.84% of variation in serum total cholesterol change showed after food supplying program.
주제어
#독거노인 영양상태 식품공급 영양학 식품영양학 노인영양 저소득층
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.