사업장의 먼지저감 시설의 설치 후 운영할 때 제진효율 및 배출허용기준 충족여부 등의 성능보장시험과 먼지자동측정기의 정도검사를 통한 적정성 평가업무가 중요한 과제로 대두되었다. 이에 따라 굴뚝배출가스 중 먼지측정방법에 대한 검증의 가장 주된 목적은 자료의 신뢰성을 저하시킬 수 있는 구조적 오차를 규명하는데 있다. 그러나 오차발생의 정도 및 이에 대한 이해와 보정기준이 명확한 근거나 이론이 자세히 확립되지 않은 상황이므로 측정방법 전반에 걸친 표준화작업이 시급하다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 다양한 업종의 산업현장에서 먼지농도 측정시 ...
사업장의 먼지저감 시설의 설치 후 운영할 때 제진효율 및 배출허용기준 충족여부 등의 성능보장시험과 먼지자동측정기의 정도검사를 통한 적정성 평가업무가 중요한 과제로 대두되었다. 이에 따라 굴뚝배출가스 중 먼지측정방법에 대한 검증의 가장 주된 목적은 자료의 신뢰성을 저하시킬 수 있는 구조적 오차를 규명하는데 있다. 그러나 오차발생의 정도 및 이에 대한 이해와 보정기준이 명확한 근거나 이론이 자세히 확립되지 않은 상황이므로 측정방법 전반에 걸친 표준화작업이 시급하다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 다양한 업종의 산업현장에서 먼지농도 측정시 배출가스 함유 오염물질의 종류에 따라 여과지의 제조회사 및 재질 특성, 그리고 가격을 고려한 선택성 검토 등 표준화 작업에 활용할 수 있는 배경과 근거를 마련코자 하였다. 우선, 먼지에 대한 용어의 정의 및 측정방법 등 관계법규의 변천내용을 소개하였다. 다음으로, 여러 사업장의 굴뚝배출 먼지측정 실태분석과 먼지포집 여과지의 종류별 오차발생에 관한 실험실적 입증시험을 수행하였다. 특히, 먼지포집 여과지에 포함된 성분과 굴뚝배출가스 중의 황산미스트나 황산화물과의 화학반응으로 인한 먼지농도 오차발생정도와 오차발생의 원인을 규명하였다. 그리고 실제 굴뚝 배출구에서 알루미나 바인더가 포함된 실리카 섬유 여과지를 사용하여 배출가스 중 먼지농도를 측정하였을 때, 알루미나 황산염 생성으로 인한 여과지의 중량증가 때문에 발생하는 먼지농도 분석상의 오차정도를 비교분석 및 확인 하였다. 마지막으로, 본 연구결과에 기초하여 굴뚝배출가스 중 먼지측정 오차발생 감소를 위한 여과지 재질의 선택, 오차보완사항, 먼지측정 방법의 표준화 및 규격화가 필요성 등을 제안 하였다.
사업장의 먼지저감 시설의 설치 후 운영할 때 제진효율 및 배출허용기준 충족여부 등의 성능보장시험과 먼지자동측정기의 정도검사를 통한 적정성 평가업무가 중요한 과제로 대두되었다. 이에 따라 굴뚝배출가스 중 먼지측정방법에 대한 검증의 가장 주된 목적은 자료의 신뢰성을 저하시킬 수 있는 구조적 오차를 규명하는데 있다. 그러나 오차발생의 정도 및 이에 대한 이해와 보정기준이 명확한 근거나 이론이 자세히 확립되지 않은 상황이므로 측정방법 전반에 걸친 표준화작업이 시급하다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 다양한 업종의 산업현장에서 먼지농도 측정시 배출가스 함유 오염물질의 종류에 따라 여과지의 제조회사 및 재질 특성, 그리고 가격을 고려한 선택성 검토 등 표준화 작업에 활용할 수 있는 배경과 근거를 마련코자 하였다. 우선, 먼지에 대한 용어의 정의 및 측정방법 등 관계법규의 변천내용을 소개하였다. 다음으로, 여러 사업장의 굴뚝배출 먼지측정 실태분석과 먼지포집 여과지의 종류별 오차발생에 관한 실험실적 입증시험을 수행하였다. 특히, 먼지포집 여과지에 포함된 성분과 굴뚝배출가스 중의 황산미스트나 황산화물과의 화학반응으로 인한 먼지농도 오차발생정도와 오차발생의 원인을 규명하였다. 그리고 실제 굴뚝 배출구에서 알루미나 바인더가 포함된 실리카 섬유 여과지를 사용하여 배출가스 중 먼지농도를 측정하였을 때, 알루미나 황산염 생성으로 인한 여과지의 중량증가 때문에 발생하는 먼지농도 분석상의 오차정도를 비교분석 및 확인 하였다. 마지막으로, 본 연구결과에 기초하여 굴뚝배출가스 중 먼지측정 오차발생 감소를 위한 여과지 재질의 선택, 오차보완사항, 먼지측정 방법의 표준화 및 규격화가 필요성 등을 제안 하였다.
After being installed the control system of particulate matter (PM) at stationary sources, it is very important to examine whether the system can satisfy the particle control efficiency as specified and thus meet the emission standard of PM at stacks or not. After installation and in the middle of o...
After being installed the control system of particulate matter (PM) at stationary sources, it is very important to examine whether the system can satisfy the particle control efficiency as specified and thus meet the emission standard of PM at stacks or not. After installation and in the middle of operation of an automatic measurement system, such as a telemetering system (TMS), of PM at stacks, the system evaluation work such as proficiency test or validation test has been an important matter. The particle measurement by a gravimetric method based on the current measurement method of PM in flue gas at stacks, which was promulgated by the Korean Ministry of the Environment, can produce lots of measurement errors resulting in significant errors of PM concentrations at stationary sources. This study investigated current status of PM measurement at 15 stacks being operated at 10 industries in Ulsan, Korea through a survey analysis. In particular, this study was focused on the analysis of the current status of the weighing methods of filter mass and amount of particulate collected on filters. Types of the filters which have been used were investigated by categorizing silica fiber, glass fiber and fluoride resin filters and then aluminium contents included in the filters were analyzed by an ion chromatography. Then this study identified the cause of measurement errors and the degree of the errors by chemical reactions of SO3 gas and mist of sulfuric acid with the filters which contain alumina in their binder components and do not it. In addition, this study identified the additional mass increase of the silica fiber and the fluoride resin filters by moisture effects included in flue gas. The average aluminum contents of the silica fibers and glass filters which had alumina binder were 41,500 and 58,600 mg/kg, respectively. However, the average aluminium content of the filters which did not have alumina binder was 336 mg/kg. The silica fiber and glass fiber filters which had a significant amount of alumina concentration in the filter binder showed additional increase in filter mass due to formation of aluminum sulfate salt by reaction of SO3 gas or sulfuric acid mist in flu gas with alumina in the filter binder. The mass increase of the filters resulted in significant errors of particle concentrations in flue gas at the stacks. For example, the measurement errors of the filters with high aluminum content were ranged from 1,100 to 1,260% after passing an electrostatic precipitator (ESP), while they were about 60% before entering into the ESP. This indicates that the measurement errors of PM by formation of aluminum sulfate salt under the situations with the low concentrations of PM is much higher than those under the situations with the high concentrations of PM. The mass increase effects of the filters by formation of aluminum sulfate salt increased with the temperature increase. However, the chemical reactions of SO3 gas and sulfuric acid mist with the Toyo filters and fluoride resin filters, which had a small or negligible amount of aluminum in their binder components, did not significantly increase in the mass concentrations of PM in flue gas at stacks. The salt formation of aluminum sulfate with these filters significantly decreased with the temperature increase. Finally, the additional mass increase by moisture effects (condensation or reaction) of the hygroscopic silica fiber filters was two times higher than that of the fluoride resin filters. Thus the particle mass concentrations evaluated by the fluoride resin filters in the flue gas of the investigated stacks were satisfied the stack emission standard of PM, but the results evaluated by the silica fiber filters were failed to meet the standard. Therefore, it is necessary for having a heater or heat exchanger to minimize the increase of filter mass by the condensed water below the dew points of mostly water and other minor mists in PM sampling by filters in flue gas at stacks.
After being installed the control system of particulate matter (PM) at stationary sources, it is very important to examine whether the system can satisfy the particle control efficiency as specified and thus meet the emission standard of PM at stacks or not. After installation and in the middle of operation of an automatic measurement system, such as a telemetering system (TMS), of PM at stacks, the system evaluation work such as proficiency test or validation test has been an important matter. The particle measurement by a gravimetric method based on the current measurement method of PM in flue gas at stacks, which was promulgated by the Korean Ministry of the Environment, can produce lots of measurement errors resulting in significant errors of PM concentrations at stationary sources. This study investigated current status of PM measurement at 15 stacks being operated at 10 industries in Ulsan, Korea through a survey analysis. In particular, this study was focused on the analysis of the current status of the weighing methods of filter mass and amount of particulate collected on filters. Types of the filters which have been used were investigated by categorizing silica fiber, glass fiber and fluoride resin filters and then aluminium contents included in the filters were analyzed by an ion chromatography. Then this study identified the cause of measurement errors and the degree of the errors by chemical reactions of SO3 gas and mist of sulfuric acid with the filters which contain alumina in their binder components and do not it. In addition, this study identified the additional mass increase of the silica fiber and the fluoride resin filters by moisture effects included in flue gas. The average aluminum contents of the silica fibers and glass filters which had alumina binder were 41,500 and 58,600 mg/kg, respectively. However, the average aluminium content of the filters which did not have alumina binder was 336 mg/kg. The silica fiber and glass fiber filters which had a significant amount of alumina concentration in the filter binder showed additional increase in filter mass due to formation of aluminum sulfate salt by reaction of SO3 gas or sulfuric acid mist in flu gas with alumina in the filter binder. The mass increase of the filters resulted in significant errors of particle concentrations in flue gas at the stacks. For example, the measurement errors of the filters with high aluminum content were ranged from 1,100 to 1,260% after passing an electrostatic precipitator (ESP), while they were about 60% before entering into the ESP. This indicates that the measurement errors of PM by formation of aluminum sulfate salt under the situations with the low concentrations of PM is much higher than those under the situations with the high concentrations of PM. The mass increase effects of the filters by formation of aluminum sulfate salt increased with the temperature increase. However, the chemical reactions of SO3 gas and sulfuric acid mist with the Toyo filters and fluoride resin filters, which had a small or negligible amount of aluminum in their binder components, did not significantly increase in the mass concentrations of PM in flue gas at stacks. The salt formation of aluminum sulfate with these filters significantly decreased with the temperature increase. Finally, the additional mass increase by moisture effects (condensation or reaction) of the hygroscopic silica fiber filters was two times higher than that of the fluoride resin filters. Thus the particle mass concentrations evaluated by the fluoride resin filters in the flue gas of the investigated stacks were satisfied the stack emission standard of PM, but the results evaluated by the silica fiber filters were failed to meet the standard. Therefore, it is necessary for having a heater or heat exchanger to minimize the increase of filter mass by the condensed water below the dew points of mostly water and other minor mists in PM sampling by filters in flue gas at stacks.
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