The world-wide trend of a zoo is changing from a Ménagerie in the past, a mere accommodation to a zoo that is more ecological and has functions for the species conservation. This has enhanced the level of the animal welfare with the standardization and systematization of the animal management...
The world-wide trend of a zoo is changing from a Ménagerie in the past, a mere accommodation to a zoo that is more ecological and has functions for the species conservation. This has enhanced the level of the animal welfare with the standardization and systematization of the animal management system by reforming the zoo to have more naturalistic exhibits and operating various kinds of enrichment programs. The Animal Protection Law which can be said to be the only one animal welfare law in Korea was revised as a whole after 16 years of the establishment of the law by strengthening the administrative authorities' responsibilities and duties on the animal protection and complementing related provisions to prevent animal abuse. However, the law only deals with the animal welfare elements related to companion animals, experiment animals, and farm animals, and does not mention in detail on the animal welfare for the animals in the zoo that can be said to be the shadow zone of the animal protection law. Nevertheless, the social functions and roles of a zoo and the internal and external changes in the animal protection and welfare admit the necessity for reforming the management of the zoo animals; thus, the legal systems on the zoo animal welfare in Korea, which are comparatively poorer than overseas advanced zoos should be reorganized, and its level of welfare need be identified through the research on the actual condition. The purpose of this study is to suggest the direction of development for the zoo animal welfare which is effective and appropriate for the Korea's circumstances through identifying the current level and problems of the Korea's zoo animal welfare comparing with the welfare policies and indexes of the advanced zoos in other countries. This study inspected the welfare system of advanced zoos, such as the England's Zoo License Act, the Secretary of State's Standards of Modern Zoo Practice(SSSMZP) that supports the former, Zoos Forum, and US and Australia's Zoo Accreditation. The Zoo License Act has been in operation since 1984 for preventing an indiscreet establishment of zoos and for the operation that considers the animals' welfare, and the England's all zoos are examined to get the license and guaranteed to provide an environment in consideration of the animal welfare. The SSSMZP explains the minimal operational standards for the animal management based on 'the Five Principles' of the zoo animal welfare, and the principles are based on the five freedoms for the farm animals, and are as follows : Provision of food and water, provision of a suitable environment, provision of health care, provision of an opportunity to express most normal behaviours, provision of protection from fear and distress. Moreover, the Zoos Forum complements the zoo license and SSSMZP, and performs an assessment work for the zoo animal welfare and development. The US and Australia's Zoo Accreditation set up the standards for the operation of a zoo and animal welfare, and it maintains or improves a minimal level of the welfare as the board evaluates and examines the zoos and the zoo association certifies them. This article has inspected the Korea's zoo history and its present status with the Changkyeongwon built in 1909 as a start and has discussed the issues on the zoos. A questionnaire was performed with the subject of the Korean zoo veterinarians to find out their awareness of the animal welfare. The mail was sent to total 46 veterinarians, and the respondents were 37, 80.4% of the total recipients. The content of the questionnaire was about the zoo's general present status, and its environmentㆍsafetyㆍhygieneㆍnutrition, euthanasia, and the legal understanding on its education and functions. Among those, 97% of the total respondents answered positively on each of the questions of if they were interested in the animal welfare and if they would participate in the welfare education program; thus, it is proved that they were highly interested in the animal welfare. Moreover, to evaluate the welfare level of the zoos in Korea, 12 domestic zoos were evaluated based on the welfare evaluation sheet of an advanced zoo, and the evaluation method was an interview by a direct visit to the zoos. And the zoo's veterinarians and the zookeepers performed the evaluation, and the author herself did the evaluation with the same standards on the whole zoo to minimize the variation. The evaluation items were divided into five types, and the evaluation was performed by an item and evaluator to analyze the level of the welfare. This article examined the functions of the Korea Association of Zoos and Aquariums(KAZA) which does not have a regulatory right or legal force unlike the animal associations' functions in the advanced zoos as seen earlier, and suggested the measures for the Korean zoo welfare, and its systematic development, and the improvement of its standards. In conclusion, to improve the Korean zoo animal welfare, a minimum standard guide for an animal management should be prepared, and a measure to manage the animal's actual status and its pedigree systematically need be planned, and the institutional provisions should be ready for improving the current level of the welfare through the evaluation and examination of the zoo welfare. In addition, we have to help the public as well as the related workers to understand the animal welfare and life ethic through education. Moreover, the Zoo Accreditation should be introduced to consider the operation of a zoo and the animal welfare as well and to systematize them, and for its enforcement, there need a legal support of the administrative authorities and the improvement of the KAZA's functions.
The world-wide trend of a zoo is changing from a Ménagerie in the past, a mere accommodation to a zoo that is more ecological and has functions for the species conservation. This has enhanced the level of the animal welfare with the standardization and systematization of the animal management system by reforming the zoo to have more naturalistic exhibits and operating various kinds of enrichment programs. The Animal Protection Law which can be said to be the only one animal welfare law in Korea was revised as a whole after 16 years of the establishment of the law by strengthening the administrative authorities' responsibilities and duties on the animal protection and complementing related provisions to prevent animal abuse. However, the law only deals with the animal welfare elements related to companion animals, experiment animals, and farm animals, and does not mention in detail on the animal welfare for the animals in the zoo that can be said to be the shadow zone of the animal protection law. Nevertheless, the social functions and roles of a zoo and the internal and external changes in the animal protection and welfare admit the necessity for reforming the management of the zoo animals; thus, the legal systems on the zoo animal welfare in Korea, which are comparatively poorer than overseas advanced zoos should be reorganized, and its level of welfare need be identified through the research on the actual condition. The purpose of this study is to suggest the direction of development for the zoo animal welfare which is effective and appropriate for the Korea's circumstances through identifying the current level and problems of the Korea's zoo animal welfare comparing with the welfare policies and indexes of the advanced zoos in other countries. This study inspected the welfare system of advanced zoos, such as the England's Zoo License Act, the Secretary of State's Standards of Modern Zoo Practice(SSSMZP) that supports the former, Zoos Forum, and US and Australia's Zoo Accreditation. The Zoo License Act has been in operation since 1984 for preventing an indiscreet establishment of zoos and for the operation that considers the animals' welfare, and the England's all zoos are examined to get the license and guaranteed to provide an environment in consideration of the animal welfare. The SSSMZP explains the minimal operational standards for the animal management based on 'the Five Principles' of the zoo animal welfare, and the principles are based on the five freedoms for the farm animals, and are as follows : Provision of food and water, provision of a suitable environment, provision of health care, provision of an opportunity to express most normal behaviours, provision of protection from fear and distress. Moreover, the Zoos Forum complements the zoo license and SSSMZP, and performs an assessment work for the zoo animal welfare and development. The US and Australia's Zoo Accreditation set up the standards for the operation of a zoo and animal welfare, and it maintains or improves a minimal level of the welfare as the board evaluates and examines the zoos and the zoo association certifies them. This article has inspected the Korea's zoo history and its present status with the Changkyeongwon built in 1909 as a start and has discussed the issues on the zoos. A questionnaire was performed with the subject of the Korean zoo veterinarians to find out their awareness of the animal welfare. The mail was sent to total 46 veterinarians, and the respondents were 37, 80.4% of the total recipients. The content of the questionnaire was about the zoo's general present status, and its environmentㆍsafetyㆍhygieneㆍnutrition, euthanasia, and the legal understanding on its education and functions. Among those, 97% of the total respondents answered positively on each of the questions of if they were interested in the animal welfare and if they would participate in the welfare education program; thus, it is proved that they were highly interested in the animal welfare. Moreover, to evaluate the welfare level of the zoos in Korea, 12 domestic zoos were evaluated based on the welfare evaluation sheet of an advanced zoo, and the evaluation method was an interview by a direct visit to the zoos. And the zoo's veterinarians and the zookeepers performed the evaluation, and the author herself did the evaluation with the same standards on the whole zoo to minimize the variation. The evaluation items were divided into five types, and the evaluation was performed by an item and evaluator to analyze the level of the welfare. This article examined the functions of the Korea Association of Zoos and Aquariums(KAZA) which does not have a regulatory right or legal force unlike the animal associations' functions in the advanced zoos as seen earlier, and suggested the measures for the Korean zoo welfare, and its systematic development, and the improvement of its standards. In conclusion, to improve the Korean zoo animal welfare, a minimum standard guide for an animal management should be prepared, and a measure to manage the animal's actual status and its pedigree systematically need be planned, and the institutional provisions should be ready for improving the current level of the welfare through the evaluation and examination of the zoo welfare. In addition, we have to help the public as well as the related workers to understand the animal welfare and life ethic through education. Moreover, the Zoo Accreditation should be introduced to consider the operation of a zoo and the animal welfare as well and to systematize them, and for its enforcement, there need a legal support of the administrative authorities and the improvement of the KAZA's functions.
주제어
#Zoo Animalwelfare Enrichment SSSMZP Fiveprinciples Zoolicensingact Zoosforum Accreditation welfareassessment KAZA
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