Folate, a vitamin essential for DNA synthesis and amino acid metabolism, is critically important for growth of infants, children, and adolescents. However, it has so far been difficult to estimate folate intake, since most data on food folate content in the current nutrient database consist of value...
Folate, a vitamin essential for DNA synthesis and amino acid metabolism, is critically important for growth of infants, children, and adolescents. However, it has so far been difficult to estimate folate intake, since most data on food folate content in the current nutrient database consist of values from the data of foreign countries. This study was intended to setimate folate intake of infants, children, and adolescents and food sources by complementing folate nutrient database based on the data recently analyzed results in Korea. The study is a part of the "Special Research on Food Intake of Infants, Children, and Adolescents in 2007~2008" conducted by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) and the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI). Dietary data was collected by the 24-hour recall method for 2 non-consecutive days on 597 people aged under 20 living in Daejeon, Chungnam, Chungbuk, and North Jeolla Province. Survey was conducted in winter (Nov. 2007~Jan. 2008), summer (Jun.~Aug. 2008), and autumn (Sep.~Nov. 2008), and the number of subjects for each season was 183 (31%) for winter, 216 (36%) for summer, and 198 (33%) for autumn. Based on the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, the subjects were divided into groups by their age: 0~5 months (16); 6~11 months (14); 1~2 years (57); 3~5 years (91); 6~8 years (38 males, 57 females); 9~11 years (44 males, 51 females); 12~14 (61 males, 49 females); and 15~19 years (63 males, 56 females). The average energy intake of the subjects in each age group was 87~120% of the estimated energy requirements for the age group. The average folate intake of the subjects was 6.6 ㎍ for breast-fed infants aged 0~5 months, 24.3 ㎍ for breast-fed infants aged 6~11 months, 271.0 ㎍ for those aged 1~2 years, 318.8 ㎍ for those aged 3~5 years, 433.3 ㎍ (male) and 382.7 ㎍ (female) for those aged 6~8, 507.9 ㎍ (male) and 412.8 ㎍ (female) for those aged 9~11, 503.0 ㎍ (male) and 432.4 ㎍ (female) for those aged 12~14, and 573.1 ㎍ (male) and 447.9 ㎍ (female) for those aged 15~19. In all age groups, the average folate intake was higher than the Recommended Intake (RI). The proportion of subjects in each age group whose folate intake was lower than the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) was as follows: 0% in the age under 3; 5.5% in the age 3~5; 7.9% (male) and 3.5% (female) in the age 6~8; 9.1% (male) and 7.9% (female) in the age 9~11; 14.8% (male) and 14.3% (female) in the age 12~14; and 14.3% (male) and 30.4% (female) in the age 15~19. This result showed that the higher the age was, the higher the proportion of those with inadequate folate intake was, with the highest proportion found in female subjects aged 15~19. An analysis of food sources of folate showed that for those aged over one-year old, kimchi, rice, egg, laver, and milk were among top 10 contributors to folate, and that the higher the age was, the higher the contribution of kimchi was and the lower the contribution of milk was. A comparison of food sources of folate for those whose folate intake was higher than the EAR and for those whose folate intake was lower than the EAR indicated that the latter had much less folate intake from vegetables compared to the former. To sum up, the average folate intake of infants, children, and adolescents was more than the recommended intake, but the higher the age was, the higher the proportion of those with inadequate folate intake. In particular, many of those who did not consume enough folate were found in females aged 15~`19, in other words, in the child-bearing age. Therefore, nutrition education to emphasize on the importance of folate is critical for those in this age group, and consumption of vegetables that are rich in folate should be recommended to people in all ages.
Folate, a vitamin essential for DNA synthesis and amino acid metabolism, is critically important for growth of infants, children, and adolescents. However, it has so far been difficult to estimate folate intake, since most data on food folate content in the current nutrient database consist of values from the data of foreign countries. This study was intended to setimate folate intake of infants, children, and adolescents and food sources by complementing folate nutrient database based on the data recently analyzed results in Korea. The study is a part of the "Special Research on Food Intake of Infants, Children, and Adolescents in 2007~2008" conducted by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) and the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI). Dietary data was collected by the 24-hour recall method for 2 non-consecutive days on 597 people aged under 20 living in Daejeon, Chungnam, Chungbuk, and North Jeolla Province. Survey was conducted in winter (Nov. 2007~Jan. 2008), summer (Jun.~Aug. 2008), and autumn (Sep.~Nov. 2008), and the number of subjects for each season was 183 (31%) for winter, 216 (36%) for summer, and 198 (33%) for autumn. Based on the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, the subjects were divided into groups by their age: 0~5 months (16); 6~11 months (14); 1~2 years (57); 3~5 years (91); 6~8 years (38 males, 57 females); 9~11 years (44 males, 51 females); 12~14 (61 males, 49 females); and 15~19 years (63 males, 56 females). The average energy intake of the subjects in each age group was 87~120% of the estimated energy requirements for the age group. The average folate intake of the subjects was 6.6 ㎍ for breast-fed infants aged 0~5 months, 24.3 ㎍ for breast-fed infants aged 6~11 months, 271.0 ㎍ for those aged 1~2 years, 318.8 ㎍ for those aged 3~5 years, 433.3 ㎍ (male) and 382.7 ㎍ (female) for those aged 6~8, 507.9 ㎍ (male) and 412.8 ㎍ (female) for those aged 9~11, 503.0 ㎍ (male) and 432.4 ㎍ (female) for those aged 12~14, and 573.1 ㎍ (male) and 447.9 ㎍ (female) for those aged 15~19. In all age groups, the average folate intake was higher than the Recommended Intake (RI). The proportion of subjects in each age group whose folate intake was lower than the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) was as follows: 0% in the age under 3; 5.5% in the age 3~5; 7.9% (male) and 3.5% (female) in the age 6~8; 9.1% (male) and 7.9% (female) in the age 9~11; 14.8% (male) and 14.3% (female) in the age 12~14; and 14.3% (male) and 30.4% (female) in the age 15~19. This result showed that the higher the age was, the higher the proportion of those with inadequate folate intake was, with the highest proportion found in female subjects aged 15~19. An analysis of food sources of folate showed that for those aged over one-year old, kimchi, rice, egg, laver, and milk were among top 10 contributors to folate, and that the higher the age was, the higher the contribution of kimchi was and the lower the contribution of milk was. A comparison of food sources of folate for those whose folate intake was higher than the EAR and for those whose folate intake was lower than the EAR indicated that the latter had much less folate intake from vegetables compared to the former. To sum up, the average folate intake of infants, children, and adolescents was more than the recommended intake, but the higher the age was, the higher the proportion of those with inadequate folate intake. In particular, many of those who did not consume enough folate were found in females aged 15~`19, in other words, in the child-bearing age. Therefore, nutrition education to emphasize on the importance of folate is critical for those in this age group, and consumption of vegetables that are rich in folate should be recommended to people in all ages.
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