Korea has been largely dependent on the sea transportation as the main international transportation mode. This has been due to the current situation in which the road and rail transportation linking north-eastern Asia and Europe is blocked after Korean War. However, after South-North Korea summit in...
Korea has been largely dependent on the sea transportation as the main international transportation mode. This has been due to the current situation in which the road and rail transportation linking north-eastern Asia and Europe is blocked after Korean War. However, after South-North Korea summit in 2000, the project of connecting the south and north railway was firstly initiated enabling to connect Kyung-Ui line(a railway between Seoul and Sinuiju) and some of east coastal line and operate them for demonstration. Many researches on Transcontinental railway and Trans-Korean railway(TKR) have been conducted with the high possibility of the world's longest railway connecting north-eastern Asia and Europe through the TKR. According to the previous research, the advantage of using Transcontinental Railway lies in taking less time(about 10 days for transportation) and less money than sea transportation. Russia, China, and related nations are continuously struggling to have a better competition on time and money. To have a closer look at current continental railway situation, there are TSR(Trans Siberian Railway), TCR(Trans Chinese Railway), TMR(Trans Manchurian Railway), and TMGR(Trans Mongolian Railway) as railway transportation routes connecting Korea, China, and Russia by land. The advent of Transcontinental railway as an international transportation mode implies the establishment of Green Logistics system. The ratification of Kyoto Protocol in 2002 urged Annex-B countries including Korea to assume the duty to reduce the amounts of CO2 emission. In view of the environment and Economy, it is pre-requisite to shift to railway transportation enabling Green Logistics system and to establish and utilize the Transcontinental railway. Many previous researches on these subject have been mostly done from the viewpoints of peace, economy(comparative study of sea transportation and railway transportation), and others(main problems arising from using Transcontinental railway). However, there have been few empirical researches regarding Transcontinental railway as well as railway transportation. It is probably due to the notion of the Transcontinental railway not yet initiated and the frequently changing South and North relation. This dissertation refocus the role of railway as Green logistics for the paradigm shift of Logistics industry emphasizing the needs and importance of Transcontinental Railway soon to be operated. Unlike the previous researches focusing on the selection factors in transportation mode, this dissertation covers not only the effect of the selection factors and cognitive perception of the prospective consumer to the shift to railway transportation mode(including Transcontinental Railway), but analyze the effect of the latent variables(cost, service, and efficiency of railway transportation, modal shift intention to railway, perception of Transcontinental Railway, selection intention of Transcontinental Railway) in selecting Transcontinental Railway as a railway transportation mode in the end. For the qualitative and quantative research, one of a structural equation modeling is introduced to establish a new research model and AMOS 5.0 analysis is conducted. Population groups(prospective consumers selecting transportation mode) are classified into the three groups ; the consigners, the logistics and/or trading companies. After random sampling of the target group(Sources : Korea Postal Logistics, Koreas Integrated Logistics Association, Small and medium-sized Business Administration, Korea Trade Association, and other related web sites), questionnaire survey is sent out through E-mail and fax and collected. Out of 190 returned surveys, the total of 164 surveys are analyzed for the research. The result of the analysis shows that probability level(p) is signigicant at 0.000 (x2=217.413, df=140), and the saturated model is quite well fitted to the data(RMR=0.038, GFI=860, IFI=.933, TLI=916, CFI=931, RMSEA=.064) since the goodness-of fit index is significant. Finally the 4 hypotheses are adopted out of set 9 hypotheses, which are hypothesis 3, 7, 8, and 9. The results of the hypotheses verification are as follows; Hypothesis 1 is revealed that it is not true. Hypothesis 2 is revealed that it has a negative effect on the perception of Transcontinental Railway with higher perception of transportation efficiency in selecting transportation mode. In other words, the more the prospective consumers count on the transportation efficiency, the less they are interested in Transcontinental Railway. Thus, hypothesis 2 is rejected. In case of hypothesis 3, it is adopted because the degree of positiveness on the perception of Transcontinental Railway increases as with higher perception of transportation cost in selecting transportation mode. From the verification of hypotheses 1, 2, and 3, the transportation cost factor in selecting the international transportation mode is found to be relatively more significant than transportation service factor and transportation efficiency factor having an effect on the perception of Transcontinental Railway. The results of the verification of hypothesis 4, 5, and 6 are not significant which underlines the higher perception of transportation service leads to a negative impact on the intention of modal shift to railway. However, to compare with the statistical data though not that significant, the transportation cost is the most influential factor of the variables in determining a shift to railway transportation. It is also found out that the higher perception of transportation service lead a negative impact on the intention of modal shift to railway. We can assume that the consumers of international transportation mode have a negative view on the efficiency of the railway in general. Hypothesis 7 and 8 are designed to reveal how the consumers' interest and perception have an impact on the intention of modal shift to railway and the selected intention of Transcontinental Railway. Hypothesis 7 is adopted since the result of the analysis is significant, which shows high correlation between interest and perception of Transcontinental Railway and positive impact on the selection intention of shift to railway transportation. Likewise, hypothesis 8 is adopted because it implies that the interest and perception of Transcontinental Railway have a greater impact on the intention of modal shift to railway transportation than selected intention of Transcontinental Railway. Hypothesis 9 is also adopted since the result of the analysis is very significant, which means that the intention of shift to railway transportation greatly influences the selected intention of Transcontinental Railway in the near future. Considering all the latent variables, it is concluded that modal shift to railway transportation is the most influential factor. The empirical analysis of the survey reveals that the two most influential factors are the modal shift to railway transportation and the perception of Transcontinental Railway in determining selected intention of Transcontinental Railway. Of the selection factors of transportation mode, transportation cost has greater impact on determining than transportation service and transportation efficiency. For the promotion of railway industry and preparation of upcoming Transcontinental Railway operation, the incentive policy of cargo transportation shift to railway should be implemented enhancing the ratio of cargo sharing as well as the public inspiring of Transcontinental Railway. The marketing strategy in terms of cost efficiency is introduced to boost the railway transportation. Overall, the continuous efforts should be followed to raise the efficiency of railway transportation mode and to renew the past negative image. There will be a great transformation in international transportation route heading to Europe once a big project of railway construction liking from Korea through Central Asia to Europe is implemented in reality. This dissertation has great significance and some potential challenges as well in that it is the first empirical research of selected intention of Trans-Continental Railway construction in the near future focusing on the importance and need of railway as Green Logistics transportation mode.
Korea has been largely dependent on the sea transportation as the main international transportation mode. This has been due to the current situation in which the road and rail transportation linking north-eastern Asia and Europe is blocked after Korean War. However, after South-North Korea summit in 2000, the project of connecting the south and north railway was firstly initiated enabling to connect Kyung-Ui line(a railway between Seoul and Sinuiju) and some of east coastal line and operate them for demonstration. Many researches on Transcontinental railway and Trans-Korean railway(TKR) have been conducted with the high possibility of the world's longest railway connecting north-eastern Asia and Europe through the TKR. According to the previous research, the advantage of using Transcontinental Railway lies in taking less time(about 10 days for transportation) and less money than sea transportation. Russia, China, and related nations are continuously struggling to have a better competition on time and money. To have a closer look at current continental railway situation, there are TSR(Trans Siberian Railway), TCR(Trans Chinese Railway), TMR(Trans Manchurian Railway), and TMGR(Trans Mongolian Railway) as railway transportation routes connecting Korea, China, and Russia by land. The advent of Transcontinental railway as an international transportation mode implies the establishment of Green Logistics system. The ratification of Kyoto Protocol in 2002 urged Annex-B countries including Korea to assume the duty to reduce the amounts of CO2 emission. In view of the environment and Economy, it is pre-requisite to shift to railway transportation enabling Green Logistics system and to establish and utilize the Transcontinental railway. Many previous researches on these subject have been mostly done from the viewpoints of peace, economy(comparative study of sea transportation and railway transportation), and others(main problems arising from using Transcontinental railway). However, there have been few empirical researches regarding Transcontinental railway as well as railway transportation. It is probably due to the notion of the Transcontinental railway not yet initiated and the frequently changing South and North relation. This dissertation refocus the role of railway as Green logistics for the paradigm shift of Logistics industry emphasizing the needs and importance of Transcontinental Railway soon to be operated. Unlike the previous researches focusing on the selection factors in transportation mode, this dissertation covers not only the effect of the selection factors and cognitive perception of the prospective consumer to the shift to railway transportation mode(including Transcontinental Railway), but analyze the effect of the latent variables(cost, service, and efficiency of railway transportation, modal shift intention to railway, perception of Transcontinental Railway, selection intention of Transcontinental Railway) in selecting Transcontinental Railway as a railway transportation mode in the end. For the qualitative and quantative research, one of a structural equation modeling is introduced to establish a new research model and AMOS 5.0 analysis is conducted. Population groups(prospective consumers selecting transportation mode) are classified into the three groups ; the consigners, the logistics and/or trading companies. After random sampling of the target group(Sources : Korea Postal Logistics, Koreas Integrated Logistics Association, Small and medium-sized Business Administration, Korea Trade Association, and other related web sites), questionnaire survey is sent out through E-mail and fax and collected. Out of 190 returned surveys, the total of 164 surveys are analyzed for the research. The result of the analysis shows that probability level(p) is signigicant at 0.000 (x2=217.413, df=140), and the saturated model is quite well fitted to the data(RMR=0.038, GFI=860, IFI=.933, TLI=916, CFI=931, RMSEA=.064) since the goodness-of fit index is significant. Finally the 4 hypotheses are adopted out of set 9 hypotheses, which are hypothesis 3, 7, 8, and 9. The results of the hypotheses verification are as follows; Hypothesis 1 is revealed that it is not true. Hypothesis 2 is revealed that it has a negative effect on the perception of Transcontinental Railway with higher perception of transportation efficiency in selecting transportation mode. In other words, the more the prospective consumers count on the transportation efficiency, the less they are interested in Transcontinental Railway. Thus, hypothesis 2 is rejected. In case of hypothesis 3, it is adopted because the degree of positiveness on the perception of Transcontinental Railway increases as with higher perception of transportation cost in selecting transportation mode. From the verification of hypotheses 1, 2, and 3, the transportation cost factor in selecting the international transportation mode is found to be relatively more significant than transportation service factor and transportation efficiency factor having an effect on the perception of Transcontinental Railway. The results of the verification of hypothesis 4, 5, and 6 are not significant which underlines the higher perception of transportation service leads to a negative impact on the intention of modal shift to railway. However, to compare with the statistical data though not that significant, the transportation cost is the most influential factor of the variables in determining a shift to railway transportation. It is also found out that the higher perception of transportation service lead a negative impact on the intention of modal shift to railway. We can assume that the consumers of international transportation mode have a negative view on the efficiency of the railway in general. Hypothesis 7 and 8 are designed to reveal how the consumers' interest and perception have an impact on the intention of modal shift to railway and the selected intention of Transcontinental Railway. Hypothesis 7 is adopted since the result of the analysis is significant, which shows high correlation between interest and perception of Transcontinental Railway and positive impact on the selection intention of shift to railway transportation. Likewise, hypothesis 8 is adopted because it implies that the interest and perception of Transcontinental Railway have a greater impact on the intention of modal shift to railway transportation than selected intention of Transcontinental Railway. Hypothesis 9 is also adopted since the result of the analysis is very significant, which means that the intention of shift to railway transportation greatly influences the selected intention of Transcontinental Railway in the near future. Considering all the latent variables, it is concluded that modal shift to railway transportation is the most influential factor. The empirical analysis of the survey reveals that the two most influential factors are the modal shift to railway transportation and the perception of Transcontinental Railway in determining selected intention of Transcontinental Railway. Of the selection factors of transportation mode, transportation cost has greater impact on determining than transportation service and transportation efficiency. For the promotion of railway industry and preparation of upcoming Transcontinental Railway operation, the incentive policy of cargo transportation shift to railway should be implemented enhancing the ratio of cargo sharing as well as the public inspiring of Transcontinental Railway. The marketing strategy in terms of cost efficiency is introduced to boost the railway transportation. Overall, the continuous efforts should be followed to raise the efficiency of railway transportation mode and to renew the past negative image. There will be a great transformation in international transportation route heading to Europe once a big project of railway construction liking from Korea through Central Asia to Europe is implemented in reality. This dissertation has great significance and some potential challenges as well in that it is the first empirical research of selected intention of Trans-Continental Railway construction in the near future focusing on the importance and need of railway as Green Logistics transportation mode.
주제어
#대륙횡단철도 운송수단선택 철도로의 운송수단전환(Modal shift) 아시아횡단철도(TAR) 한반도종단철도(TKR)
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