본 연구는 최근 서울시 한강수변에 조성된 생태공원의 생태적 특성을 파악하고 공원 조성으로 인한 한강 수변지역의 생태적 변화를 연구하였다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 문제점을 도출하여 한강 수변지역의 생태적 안정성 향상을 위한 개선방안을 제시하였다. 연구대상지는 서울시 한강 수변에 위치한 강서습지생태공원, 난지습지생태공원, 암사둔치생태공원 3개소였다.
강서습지생태공원은 한강 개발 이전 대면적의 수변 퇴적지(1919년 11.0%, 1974년 12.5%)가 발달했던 지역이었으나 개발 후 강폭 확장과 수위 상승으로 퇴적지가 소멸되었다. 그러나 현재 수변에 소폭의 모래퇴적지가 발생하였고 한강 개발 이전부터 유지된 자연호안으로 인해 수변의 자연성이 높았다. 둔치 ...
본 연구는 최근 서울시 한강수변에 조성된 생태공원의 생태적 특성을 파악하고 공원 조성으로 인한 한강 수변지역의 생태적 변화를 연구하였다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 문제점을 도출하여 한강 수변지역의 생태적 안정성 향상을 위한 개선방안을 제시하였다. 연구대상지는 서울시 한강 수변에 위치한 강서습지생태공원, 난지습지생태공원, 암사둔치생태공원 3개소였다.
강서습지생태공원은 한강 개발 이전 대면적의 수변 퇴적지(1919년 11.0%, 1974년 12.5%)가 발달했던 지역이었으나 개발 후 강폭 확장과 수위 상승으로 퇴적지가 소멸되었다. 그러나 현재 수변에 소폭의 모래퇴적지가 발생하였고 한강 개발 이전부터 유지된 자연호안으로 인해 수변의 자연성이 높았다. 둔치 표고는 4∼8m, 대상지 일대 한강 연평균 수위 표고는 2.85m로 수면과 둔치의 표고차이가 컸고, 수변과 저수로 사면 경사가 5∼15°로 급하였다. 이용시설은 7% 이하로 낮고 공원 동남측에 집중 조성되었으며 탐방로는 조성 전 1,820m에서 조성 후 1,297m로 줄었다. 샛길은 발생하지 않았고 탐방로에서 수변까지의 거리는 평균 142m로 조성 전 118m에 비해 증가하여 이용 영향이 감소하였다. 현존식생은 버드나무 16.6%, 습지자생초지 35.5%로 우점하였고, 조성 후 비율이 증가하였으며, 건조초지(17.8%)와 귀화초지(1.8%)는 감소하여 소규모로 분포하였다. 지형단면 및 식생구조에서는 저수로 사면 급경사지에서 귀화율이 높았고, 완경사지에서는 낮았다. 야생조류는 최대 37종 2,166개체가 관찰되어 겨울철 도래한 수금류인 청둥오리(785개체), 큰기러기(428개체) 등 다양한 종이 대규모 출현하였으며 조성 전에 비해 종수 및 개체수가 증가하여 월동지로서 이용이 높아졌다.
난지습지생태공원은 공원 조성 시 건조화된 습지를 개선하여 습지생태원, 고위습지 등 다양한 생물서식공간을 마련하였고, 기존의 콘크리트 호안을 걷어내 자연형 호안을 조성하였다. 과거 한강 개발 이전 대상지 일대는 대면적의 모래퇴적지(1919년 11.2%, 1974년 11.9%)가 발달했던 지역으로 개발 이후 퇴적지는 사라졌으나 현재 수변에 소폭의 모래퇴적지가 발생하였다. 조성 전 대상지 동측 수변의 인공호안은 조성 후 식생매트와 가공석 철망을 시공한 자연형 호안으로 조성하였는데, 자연스러운 모래퇴적이 발생하는 수변지역으로서 불필요한 시설이었다. 둔치표고는 5∼9m, 한강 수면 표고는 3m 미만으로 둔치와 수면의 표고차이가 컸고, 한강수변과 저수로 사면의 경사가 5∼20°로 급하였다. 이용시설 비율은 8.9%로 낮았으나 탐방로(6.8%)와 자전거도로(2.1%)가 대부분으로 공원 주요지역에 과도하게 조성되어 조성 전 1,900m에서 조성 후 4,219m로 증가하였다. 또한 수변으로 연결된 다수의 샛길이 발생하였고 탐방로에서 수변까지의 거리가 평균 78m, 최단 22m로 짧아 인간 이용에 의한 생물서식의 부정적 영향이 높았다. 현존식생은 버드나무 20.4%, 습지자생초지 42.2%로 조성 전에 비해 증가하였고, 건조초지와 귀화초지는 감소하였으나 조성 시 귀화초본 관리 및 수변식물 식재의 영향이 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 지형단면 및 식생구조에서는 한강수변 경사가 8∼10°, 저수로 사면은 24°였고, 식생은 습지초지가 우점하였으나 부분적으로 건조초지와 귀화초지가 분포하였다. 또한 전체적으로 귀화율이 높았다. 야생조류는 최대 19종 306개체가 관찰되어 참새 120개체, 붉은머리오목눈이 60개체 등이 출현하였고, 조성 전에 비해 출현 종수 및 개체수가 감소하였다. 이는 공원 내 다양한 서식공간에 과도하게 조성된 탐방로 등 인간 이용으로 인한 교란이 주요 원인일 것으로 판단되었다.
암사둔치생태공원은 공원 조성 시 직강화된 콘크리트 호안을 자연형 호안으로 개선하였고 완경사의 수변지형을 형성하였으며 수변 일부에 수심이 얕은 만곡부 하안선과 하중도를 조성하여 생물서식을 위한 공간을 마련하였다. 과거 한강 개발 이전 대상지 일대는 대면적의 모래퇴적지(1926년 17.0%, 1982년 21.8%)가 발달했던 지역으로 개발 이후 퇴적지는 사라졌으나 강의 사주부로서 지속적인 퇴적작용이 발생할 것으로 판단되었다. 조성된 자연형 호안에는 사석부설이 시공되었는데 자연스럽게 퇴적되는 수변지형 형성에는 불필요한 시설이었다. 둔치 표고는 8∼10m, 둔치 내부 마운딩 지역은 10∼14m로 대상지 일대 한강 연평균 수위 표고 6.4m와 큰 차이를 보였고 경사는 5° 미만이 79.1%로 완만하였다. 이용시설은 6.3%로 낮았고 조성 전에 비해 감소하였으며, 조성 전 인공호안 상부 도로가 제거되어 수변의 이용 영향이 저감되었다. 그러나 이용시설 대부분이 탐방로(2.2%)와 자전거도로(3.6%)로서 둔치 중심부를 남북으로 길게 가로질러 단절하였고, 다수의 샛길이 발생하였으며, 수변까지의 거리도 평균거리 62m, 최단거리 30m로 짧아 생물서식 교란이 우려되었다. 현존식생은 습지자생초지 50.3%로 우점하며 조성 전보다 증가하였으나 공원 조성 시 식재를 통한 증가로 판단되어 향후 변화 양상을 관찰할 필요가 있었다. 지형단면 및 식생구조에서는 2∼12° 경사의 수변지형이 조성되었고, 습지식생이 우점하나 귀화율이 대체로 높게 나타났다. 야생조류는 최대 24종 164개체가 관찰되었고, 붉은머리오목눈이 71개체, 참새 20개체 등이 출현하여 둔치종 및 도시소화종이 우점하였다. 조성 후 월동 수금류가 다소 증가하였으나 출현이 많지 않아 인간 이용 등의 교란이 영향을 준 것으로 판단되었다.
분석결과를 토대로 문제항목을 도출하여 개선방향을 설정하였다. 공간적 구조 항목에서는 자연호안 구조 조성 및 자연수변 지형구조 조성, 인위적 교란 항목에서는 이용자 영향 최소화, 식생구조 항목에서는 수변 고유 식생구조 조성, 야생조류 서식에서는 물새류 서식 증대를 설정하였다. 개선 방향에 따른 조성 방안으로 자연호안 구조 조성을 위한 인공적 호안재료 제거와 자연 수변 퇴적지 형성, 자연수변 지형구조 조성을 위한 3° 이하 경사 사면 조성 및 수면-둔치 표고 차이 저감, 이용자 영향 최소화를 위한 생물서식공간 인접 동선 우회 또는 폐쇄, 이용지역과 서식공간 사이 거리유지 및 완충지역 조성과 수변 접근 샛길 폐쇄를 제안하였고, 수변 고유 식생구조 조성을 위해 자연수변 지형구조 조성을 통한 수변식생 생육기반 형성, 수변 고유식생 및 수면, 퇴적지 조성, 섭금류 서식처 조성을 위한 수변 모래톱 유지 및 확대와 완충지대 조성을 제안하였다.
본 연구는 최근 서울시 한강수변에 조성된 생태공원의 생태적 특성을 파악하고 공원 조성으로 인한 한강 수변지역의 생태적 변화를 연구하였다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 문제점을 도출하여 한강 수변지역의 생태적 안정성 향상을 위한 개선방안을 제시하였다. 연구대상지는 서울시 한강 수변에 위치한 강서습지생태공원, 난지습지생태공원, 암사둔치생태공원 3개소였다.
강서습지생태공원은 한강 개발 이전 대면적의 수변 퇴적지(1919년 11.0%, 1974년 12.5%)가 발달했던 지역이었으나 개발 후 강폭 확장과 수위 상승으로 퇴적지가 소멸되었다. 그러나 현재 수변에 소폭의 모래퇴적지가 발생하였고 한강 개발 이전부터 유지된 자연호안으로 인해 수변의 자연성이 높았다. 둔치 표고는 4∼8m, 대상지 일대 한강 연평균 수위 표고는 2.85m로 수면과 둔치의 표고차이가 컸고, 수변과 저수로 사면 경사가 5∼15°로 급하였다. 이용시설은 7% 이하로 낮고 공원 동남측에 집중 조성되었으며 탐방로는 조성 전 1,820m에서 조성 후 1,297m로 줄었다. 샛길은 발생하지 않았고 탐방로에서 수변까지의 거리는 평균 142m로 조성 전 118m에 비해 증가하여 이용 영향이 감소하였다. 현존식생은 버드나무 16.6%, 습지자생초지 35.5%로 우점하였고, 조성 후 비율이 증가하였으며, 건조초지(17.8%)와 귀화초지(1.8%)는 감소하여 소규모로 분포하였다. 지형단면 및 식생구조에서는 저수로 사면 급경사지에서 귀화율이 높았고, 완경사지에서는 낮았다. 야생조류는 최대 37종 2,166개체가 관찰되어 겨울철 도래한 수금류인 청둥오리(785개체), 큰기러기(428개체) 등 다양한 종이 대규모 출현하였으며 조성 전에 비해 종수 및 개체수가 증가하여 월동지로서 이용이 높아졌다.
난지습지생태공원은 공원 조성 시 건조화된 습지를 개선하여 습지생태원, 고위습지 등 다양한 생물서식공간을 마련하였고, 기존의 콘크리트 호안을 걷어내 자연형 호안을 조성하였다. 과거 한강 개발 이전 대상지 일대는 대면적의 모래퇴적지(1919년 11.2%, 1974년 11.9%)가 발달했던 지역으로 개발 이후 퇴적지는 사라졌으나 현재 수변에 소폭의 모래퇴적지가 발생하였다. 조성 전 대상지 동측 수변의 인공호안은 조성 후 식생매트와 가공석 철망을 시공한 자연형 호안으로 조성하였는데, 자연스러운 모래퇴적이 발생하는 수변지역으로서 불필요한 시설이었다. 둔치표고는 5∼9m, 한강 수면 표고는 3m 미만으로 둔치와 수면의 표고차이가 컸고, 한강수변과 저수로 사면의 경사가 5∼20°로 급하였다. 이용시설 비율은 8.9%로 낮았으나 탐방로(6.8%)와 자전거도로(2.1%)가 대부분으로 공원 주요지역에 과도하게 조성되어 조성 전 1,900m에서 조성 후 4,219m로 증가하였다. 또한 수변으로 연결된 다수의 샛길이 발생하였고 탐방로에서 수변까지의 거리가 평균 78m, 최단 22m로 짧아 인간 이용에 의한 생물서식의 부정적 영향이 높았다. 현존식생은 버드나무 20.4%, 습지자생초지 42.2%로 조성 전에 비해 증가하였고, 건조초지와 귀화초지는 감소하였으나 조성 시 귀화초본 관리 및 수변식물 식재의 영향이 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 지형단면 및 식생구조에서는 한강수변 경사가 8∼10°, 저수로 사면은 24°였고, 식생은 습지초지가 우점하였으나 부분적으로 건조초지와 귀화초지가 분포하였다. 또한 전체적으로 귀화율이 높았다. 야생조류는 최대 19종 306개체가 관찰되어 참새 120개체, 붉은머리오목눈이 60개체 등이 출현하였고, 조성 전에 비해 출현 종수 및 개체수가 감소하였다. 이는 공원 내 다양한 서식공간에 과도하게 조성된 탐방로 등 인간 이용으로 인한 교란이 주요 원인일 것으로 판단되었다.
암사둔치생태공원은 공원 조성 시 직강화된 콘크리트 호안을 자연형 호안으로 개선하였고 완경사의 수변지형을 형성하였으며 수변 일부에 수심이 얕은 만곡부 하안선과 하중도를 조성하여 생물서식을 위한 공간을 마련하였다. 과거 한강 개발 이전 대상지 일대는 대면적의 모래퇴적지(1926년 17.0%, 1982년 21.8%)가 발달했던 지역으로 개발 이후 퇴적지는 사라졌으나 강의 사주부로서 지속적인 퇴적작용이 발생할 것으로 판단되었다. 조성된 자연형 호안에는 사석부설이 시공되었는데 자연스럽게 퇴적되는 수변지형 형성에는 불필요한 시설이었다. 둔치 표고는 8∼10m, 둔치 내부 마운딩 지역은 10∼14m로 대상지 일대 한강 연평균 수위 표고 6.4m와 큰 차이를 보였고 경사는 5° 미만이 79.1%로 완만하였다. 이용시설은 6.3%로 낮았고 조성 전에 비해 감소하였으며, 조성 전 인공호안 상부 도로가 제거되어 수변의 이용 영향이 저감되었다. 그러나 이용시설 대부분이 탐방로(2.2%)와 자전거도로(3.6%)로서 둔치 중심부를 남북으로 길게 가로질러 단절하였고, 다수의 샛길이 발생하였으며, 수변까지의 거리도 평균거리 62m, 최단거리 30m로 짧아 생물서식 교란이 우려되었다. 현존식생은 습지자생초지 50.3%로 우점하며 조성 전보다 증가하였으나 공원 조성 시 식재를 통한 증가로 판단되어 향후 변화 양상을 관찰할 필요가 있었다. 지형단면 및 식생구조에서는 2∼12° 경사의 수변지형이 조성되었고, 습지식생이 우점하나 귀화율이 대체로 높게 나타났다. 야생조류는 최대 24종 164개체가 관찰되었고, 붉은머리오목눈이 71개체, 참새 20개체 등이 출현하여 둔치종 및 도시소화종이 우점하였다. 조성 후 월동 수금류가 다소 증가하였으나 출현이 많지 않아 인간 이용 등의 교란이 영향을 준 것으로 판단되었다.
분석결과를 토대로 문제항목을 도출하여 개선방향을 설정하였다. 공간적 구조 항목에서는 자연호안 구조 조성 및 자연수변 지형구조 조성, 인위적 교란 항목에서는 이용자 영향 최소화, 식생구조 항목에서는 수변 고유 식생구조 조성, 야생조류 서식에서는 물새류 서식 증대를 설정하였다. 개선 방향에 따른 조성 방안으로 자연호안 구조 조성을 위한 인공적 호안재료 제거와 자연 수변 퇴적지 형성, 자연수변 지형구조 조성을 위한 3° 이하 경사 사면 조성 및 수면-둔치 표고 차이 저감, 이용자 영향 최소화를 위한 생물서식공간 인접 동선 우회 또는 폐쇄, 이용지역과 서식공간 사이 거리유지 및 완충지역 조성과 수변 접근 샛길 폐쇄를 제안하였고, 수변 고유 식생구조 조성을 위해 자연수변 지형구조 조성을 통한 수변식생 생육기반 형성, 수변 고유식생 및 수면, 퇴적지 조성, 섭금류 서식처 조성을 위한 수변 모래톱 유지 및 확대와 완충지대 조성을 제안하였다.
This study grasped the ecological characteristics of ecological parks created in the riverside of the Han River in Seoul and studied its ecological change due to creation of the parks. And the problems were drawn based on them, the plan to improve them were suggested to improve the ecological stabil...
This study grasped the ecological characteristics of ecological parks created in the riverside of the Han River in Seoul and studied its ecological change due to creation of the parks. And the problems were drawn based on them, the plan to improve them were suggested to improve the ecological stability of the waterfront of the Han River. The research subjects were three places of Gangseo Wetland Ecological Park, Nanji Wetland Ecological Park, Amsa Ecological Park which are located in the waterfront of the Han River.
Gangseo Wetland Ecological Park was the area that the large-scaled water front sedimentation area was developed before the development of the Han River(1919: 11.0%, 1974: 12.5%) in the past. But the sedimentation area became extinct as the river width was widened and the water level rose after the development. But the small sand sedimentation area was created in the waterfront now and the waterfront natural characteristics was high by natural shore protection which had been kept before the development of the Han River. As the riverside altitude is 4 to 8m and the annual average water level of the Han River in the whole sites is 2.85m, there was the big difference in the altitude between the water level and the riverside and the 5 to 15° slope of the water level and low water channel was steep. The use facilities were low as less than 7%, their creation were concentrated in the southeast side of the park, and the nature trail was reduced to 1,297m after creation from 1,820m before it. As there was no any byway and the distance from the nature trail to the waterfront as average 142m which more increased than 118m before creation, the use effect was reduced. As for actual vegetation, willow trees and wild wetland meadows held dominant positions as 16.6% and 35.5%. And the rate increased after creation and arid meadows(17.8%) and naturalized meadows(1.8%) were distributed by the small size as they were reduced. As for the cross section of the terrain and the vegetation structure, the naturalized rate was high in the steep slope-land of low water channel and it was gentle in its low slope-land. As for wild birds, the maximum 37 species and 2,166 individuals were observed and various species including mallards(785 individuals) and bean geese(428 individuals), natatorial birds which arrived at it in winter appeared. And as their appearance more increased than the one before creation, use as the wintering pond got higher.
Nanji Wetland Ecological Park prepared the various biotope areas including wetland gardens and upper wetland by improving arid wetland when the park was created. The natural shore protection was created as the existing concrete shore protection was removed. The whole sites before the development of the Han River were the area that the large-sized sand sedimentation area(1919: 11.2%, 1974: 11.9%) was developed in the past. The sedimentation area was disappeared after the development but the small sand sedimentation area was created in the waterfront now. The natural shore protection which constructed vegetation mats and processing wire mesh after creation in the artificial shore protection in the waterfront of the eastern side of the site before creation and it was the unnecessary facilities as the waterfront area that natural sand sedimentation is generated. As the riverside altitude is 5 to 9 m and the water level altitude of the Han River is less than 3m, there was the big difference in the altitude between the water level and the riverside and the 5 to 15° slope of the water level and low water channel was steep. As the use facilities were low as less than 8.9% but the nature trail(6.8%) and the bikeway(2.1%) were excessively created in most of the main area of the part, they increased by 4,219m after creation from 1,900m before it. And as there are many byways which are connected to the waterfront and the distance from the nature trail to the waterfront is average 78m and the shortest one is short as 22m, the negative effect of life inhabitation by use of men was high. As for actual vegetation, willow trees and wild wetland meadows more increased after creation than before it as 20.4% and 42.2%. Arid meadows and naturalized meadows were reduced but it was judged that there will be the effect of management of naturalized herb and planting of waterfront plants when it was created. As for the cross section of the terrain and the vegetation structure, it was the 8 to 10° slope of the waterfront of the Han River and the 24° slope of the low water channel. As for vegetation, wetland meadows held dominant positions but arid and naturalized meadows were partially distributed. And the naturalized rate were generally high. As for wild birds, the maximum 19 species and 306 individuals were observed and 120 sparrows and 60 parrotbills appeared. And the number of species and individuals which appeared was more reduced than before creation. This is judged that disturbance due to use of men including the nature trail which were excessively created in a lot of habitat space in the park might be the main cause.
Amsa Ecological Park improved the concrete shore protection which was directly reinforced to the natural shore protection when the park is created. And the waterfront terrain of gentle slope was created and space for life inhabitation was prepared by creating the curved bottom line and the alluvial island whose depth of water is shallow in the partial waterside. The whole site before the development of the Han River was the area that the large-scaled sand sedimentation area was developed before the development of the Han River(1926: 17.0%, 1982: 21.8%) in the past. The sedimentation area disappeared after the development. But it was judged that the continuous sedimentation is generated as the sedimentation point of the river. riprap work was constructed in the natural shore protection which was created but it was the unnecessary facilities in creation of natural waterfront by sedimentation. As the riverside altitude was 8 to 10m, the stool layering area in the riverside was 10 to 14m, they showed the big difference from the annual average water level altitude of the whole site of the Han River, 6.4m. The slopes were gentle as less than 5° ones were 79.1%. The use facilities were low as 6.3% and were more reduced than before creation. As the upper road of the artificial shore protection before creation was removed, the use effect of the waterfront was reduced. But most of use facilities are the nature trail(2.2%) and bikeway(3.6%) and they crossed and cut the central part of the riverside long from south to north and there are a lot of byways. As for the distance to the waterfront is short because the average distance is 62m and the shortest distance is 30cm, disturbance of life inhabitation was worrying. As for actual vegetation, wild wetland meadows held the dominant position as 50.3% and more increased than before creation. But the changeable aspect needs to be observed in the future because it is judged to be increase through planting when the park is created. As for the cross section of the terrain and the vegetation structure, the waterfront terrain of the 2 to 12° slopes was created and wetland vegetation held the prominent position but it has found that the naturalized rate is generally high. As for wild birds, the number of species and individuals which were observed was comparatively small as the maximum 24 species and 164 individuals were observed and 71 parrotbills and 20 sparrows appeared. Many winter natatorial birds increased after creation but it was judged that their appearance did not increase due to disturbance including use of men as they did not appear there.
The question items were drawn based on the analytical result and the improvement was set. Creation of the natural shore protection structure and the topographic structure of the natural water front were set in the physical structure item, minimization of the effect of users was done in the men's effect item, creation of the unique vegetation structure of the waterfront was done in the vegetation structure item, and inhabitation increase of water birds was done in inhabitation of wild birds. For the plans to create the parks according to improvements, removal of the artificial shore protection materials to create the natural shore protection structure, formation of the natural waterfront sedimentation area, creation of less than 3° slopes to create the natural waterfront topographic structure and reduction of the differences of the altitude between the water level and the riverside, detour or closing of the adjacent movements of biotope to minimize the users' effect, and maintenance of the distance between the available area and the inhabitation area, creation of the buffer area, and closing of the byways which access to the waterfront were suggested. And formation of growth and development base of waterfront vegetation by creating the natural waterfront topographic structure to create the unique waterfront vegetation structure, maintenance and restoration of the waterfront sandy plains and creation of the buffer area to create the unique waterfront vegetation, water level, and sedimentation area and increase inhabitation of water birds were suggested.
This study grasped the ecological characteristics of ecological parks created in the riverside of the Han River in Seoul and studied its ecological change due to creation of the parks. And the problems were drawn based on them, the plan to improve them were suggested to improve the ecological stability of the waterfront of the Han River. The research subjects were three places of Gangseo Wetland Ecological Park, Nanji Wetland Ecological Park, Amsa Ecological Park which are located in the waterfront of the Han River.
Gangseo Wetland Ecological Park was the area that the large-scaled water front sedimentation area was developed before the development of the Han River(1919: 11.0%, 1974: 12.5%) in the past. But the sedimentation area became extinct as the river width was widened and the water level rose after the development. But the small sand sedimentation area was created in the waterfront now and the waterfront natural characteristics was high by natural shore protection which had been kept before the development of the Han River. As the riverside altitude is 4 to 8m and the annual average water level of the Han River in the whole sites is 2.85m, there was the big difference in the altitude between the water level and the riverside and the 5 to 15° slope of the water level and low water channel was steep. The use facilities were low as less than 7%, their creation were concentrated in the southeast side of the park, and the nature trail was reduced to 1,297m after creation from 1,820m before it. As there was no any byway and the distance from the nature trail to the waterfront as average 142m which more increased than 118m before creation, the use effect was reduced. As for actual vegetation, willow trees and wild wetland meadows held dominant positions as 16.6% and 35.5%. And the rate increased after creation and arid meadows(17.8%) and naturalized meadows(1.8%) were distributed by the small size as they were reduced. As for the cross section of the terrain and the vegetation structure, the naturalized rate was high in the steep slope-land of low water channel and it was gentle in its low slope-land. As for wild birds, the maximum 37 species and 2,166 individuals were observed and various species including mallards(785 individuals) and bean geese(428 individuals), natatorial birds which arrived at it in winter appeared. And as their appearance more increased than the one before creation, use as the wintering pond got higher.
Nanji Wetland Ecological Park prepared the various biotope areas including wetland gardens and upper wetland by improving arid wetland when the park was created. The natural shore protection was created as the existing concrete shore protection was removed. The whole sites before the development of the Han River were the area that the large-sized sand sedimentation area(1919: 11.2%, 1974: 11.9%) was developed in the past. The sedimentation area was disappeared after the development but the small sand sedimentation area was created in the waterfront now. The natural shore protection which constructed vegetation mats and processing wire mesh after creation in the artificial shore protection in the waterfront of the eastern side of the site before creation and it was the unnecessary facilities as the waterfront area that natural sand sedimentation is generated. As the riverside altitude is 5 to 9 m and the water level altitude of the Han River is less than 3m, there was the big difference in the altitude between the water level and the riverside and the 5 to 15° slope of the water level and low water channel was steep. As the use facilities were low as less than 8.9% but the nature trail(6.8%) and the bikeway(2.1%) were excessively created in most of the main area of the part, they increased by 4,219m after creation from 1,900m before it. And as there are many byways which are connected to the waterfront and the distance from the nature trail to the waterfront is average 78m and the shortest one is short as 22m, the negative effect of life inhabitation by use of men was high. As for actual vegetation, willow trees and wild wetland meadows more increased after creation than before it as 20.4% and 42.2%. Arid meadows and naturalized meadows were reduced but it was judged that there will be the effect of management of naturalized herb and planting of waterfront plants when it was created. As for the cross section of the terrain and the vegetation structure, it was the 8 to 10° slope of the waterfront of the Han River and the 24° slope of the low water channel. As for vegetation, wetland meadows held dominant positions but arid and naturalized meadows were partially distributed. And the naturalized rate were generally high. As for wild birds, the maximum 19 species and 306 individuals were observed and 120 sparrows and 60 parrotbills appeared. And the number of species and individuals which appeared was more reduced than before creation. This is judged that disturbance due to use of men including the nature trail which were excessively created in a lot of habitat space in the park might be the main cause.
Amsa Ecological Park improved the concrete shore protection which was directly reinforced to the natural shore protection when the park is created. And the waterfront terrain of gentle slope was created and space for life inhabitation was prepared by creating the curved bottom line and the alluvial island whose depth of water is shallow in the partial waterside. The whole site before the development of the Han River was the area that the large-scaled sand sedimentation area was developed before the development of the Han River(1926: 17.0%, 1982: 21.8%) in the past. The sedimentation area disappeared after the development. But it was judged that the continuous sedimentation is generated as the sedimentation point of the river. riprap work was constructed in the natural shore protection which was created but it was the unnecessary facilities in creation of natural waterfront by sedimentation. As the riverside altitude was 8 to 10m, the stool layering area in the riverside was 10 to 14m, they showed the big difference from the annual average water level altitude of the whole site of the Han River, 6.4m. The slopes were gentle as less than 5° ones were 79.1%. The use facilities were low as 6.3% and were more reduced than before creation. As the upper road of the artificial shore protection before creation was removed, the use effect of the waterfront was reduced. But most of use facilities are the nature trail(2.2%) and bikeway(3.6%) and they crossed and cut the central part of the riverside long from south to north and there are a lot of byways. As for the distance to the waterfront is short because the average distance is 62m and the shortest distance is 30cm, disturbance of life inhabitation was worrying. As for actual vegetation, wild wetland meadows held the dominant position as 50.3% and more increased than before creation. But the changeable aspect needs to be observed in the future because it is judged to be increase through planting when the park is created. As for the cross section of the terrain and the vegetation structure, the waterfront terrain of the 2 to 12° slopes was created and wetland vegetation held the prominent position but it has found that the naturalized rate is generally high. As for wild birds, the number of species and individuals which were observed was comparatively small as the maximum 24 species and 164 individuals were observed and 71 parrotbills and 20 sparrows appeared. Many winter natatorial birds increased after creation but it was judged that their appearance did not increase due to disturbance including use of men as they did not appear there.
The question items were drawn based on the analytical result and the improvement was set. Creation of the natural shore protection structure and the topographic structure of the natural water front were set in the physical structure item, minimization of the effect of users was done in the men's effect item, creation of the unique vegetation structure of the waterfront was done in the vegetation structure item, and inhabitation increase of water birds was done in inhabitation of wild birds. For the plans to create the parks according to improvements, removal of the artificial shore protection materials to create the natural shore protection structure, formation of the natural waterfront sedimentation area, creation of less than 3° slopes to create the natural waterfront topographic structure and reduction of the differences of the altitude between the water level and the riverside, detour or closing of the adjacent movements of biotope to minimize the users' effect, and maintenance of the distance between the available area and the inhabitation area, creation of the buffer area, and closing of the byways which access to the waterfront were suggested. And formation of growth and development base of waterfront vegetation by creating the natural waterfront topographic structure to create the unique waterfront vegetation structure, maintenance and restoration of the waterfront sandy plains and creation of the buffer area to create the unique waterfront vegetation, water level, and sedimentation area and increase inhabitation of water birds were suggested.
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