Due to the rapidly growing and worldwide aging society, osteoporosis, a metabolic disease, is on the rise as a big problem. Osteoporosis is the disease that easily breaks bones even under a light shock. There is no big difference in the chemical composition of bone, but bone mass is reduced in the u...
Due to the rapidly growing and worldwide aging society, osteoporosis, a metabolic disease, is on the rise as a big problem. Osteoporosis is the disease that easily breaks bones even under a light shock. There is no big difference in the chemical composition of bone, but bone mass is reduced in the unit volume. The disease has a high occurrence frequency in older people, especially in a female women after menopause. It is difficult to find out the symptoms by self-diagnosis, and can cause serious problems when diseased, because it is an irreversible disease. Use of natural organic matters is taking center stage recently for not having any side effects. Edible brown algae did not draw much attention nutritionally because of its low digestion-absorption rate, but the utility value is getting higher as researches on the functions of brown algae are being reported. Therefore in this study, Ishige okamurae that is an edible brown algae was used in vitro to examine the activities of osteoblast and osteoclast, and the effects of Ishige okamurae extracts on osteogenesis through examining the physiological activity of the Ishige okamurae in the animal models with ovariectomy were studied in vivo. Ishige okamurae was extracted using hot water and 80% ethanol solvents, Ishige okamurae ethanol extract had a higher harvest rate of 21.6% compared to hot water extract. The polyphenol content was also higher in ethanol extract (2.22±0.79 mg/g) compare with hot water extract. The effect of Ishige okamurae extracts on the antioxidant activity was studied, ethanol extract showed a high DPPH radical scavenging ability, and showed its highest activity level of 75% at the concentration level of 1,000 μg/mL. In the examination on SOD-like activity, Ishige okamurae ethanol extract showed its highest activity level of 55% compared to hot water extract. Antioxidant activity of the specimen and ROS level of the oxidation-induced osteoblast were measured, and the results showed that all of the concentration levels in hot water extract and ethanol extract showed to have significantly lower ROS formation compared to the control group, and Ishige okamurae ethanol extract concentration at 100 μg/mL showed 50% inhibition ability. This result showed that Ishige okamurae ethanol extracts had good antioxidant effects. To examine Ishige okamurae water extracts affect osteogenesis, the activity of osteoblast was measured. When osteoblasts were processed with Ishige okamurae hot water and ethanol extract, the proliferative rate significantly increased in every concentration level, and 138% of the highest proliferation rate showed when the Ishige okamurae ethanol concentration level was 50 μg/mL. The ALP activity was researched, the ALP activity showed to be higher than 150% when Ishige okamurae ethanol extract was processed with 50 μg/mL. The effects of Ishige okamurae on collagen synthesis were examined, collagen synthesis ability was significantly increased when hot water or ethanol extract concentration was at 10~100 μg/mL, and Ishige okamurae ethanol extract showed the highest increase rate of 141% among them. This result showed that Ishige okamurae extract promotes differentiation inducement and proliferation of osteoblast, induces collagen synthesis, and would have would have beneficial effects on the bone. The effects of Ishige okamurae extract on osteoclast, which plays an important role in bones along with osteoblast, were examined. When osteoclast was processed with Ishige okamurae extract, the one with 100 μg/mL Ishige okamurae ethanol extract showed the lowest growth rate of 63.9% compared to the control group. When the activity of TRAP was measured, the one with 10~100 μg/mL Ishige okamurae extract concentration showed to be significantly reduced compared to the control group. Especially, the Ishige okamurae ethanol extract concentration of 100 μg/mL showed 76% of activity compared to the control group, which showed that Ishige okamurae extract inhibits differentiation and proliferation of osteoclast and have positive effects on bone disease. The results of this study showed that Ishige okamurae extracts have relatively higher antioxidant activities, induce differentiation and proliferation of osteoblast, promote collagen synthesis, and inhibit differentiation and proliferation of osteoclast. Ishige okamurae ethanol extract, which showed the highest activitiy in vitro experiment, was also studied in vivo experiment, and found out how it affects osteogenesis. When Ishige okamurae ethanol extract was orally administered, blood ALP of the menopause and osteoporosis-induced model due to ovariectomy was decreased and collagen content in bone was increased. When the studies on the effects and activating components of bone metabolism-related gene expression are performed in the future, it would be possible to develop the natural ingredients for functional foods that are related to Ishige okamurae and osteoporosis prevention.
Due to the rapidly growing and worldwide aging society, osteoporosis, a metabolic disease, is on the rise as a big problem. Osteoporosis is the disease that easily breaks bones even under a light shock. There is no big difference in the chemical composition of bone, but bone mass is reduced in the unit volume. The disease has a high occurrence frequency in older people, especially in a female women after menopause. It is difficult to find out the symptoms by self-diagnosis, and can cause serious problems when diseased, because it is an irreversible disease. Use of natural organic matters is taking center stage recently for not having any side effects. Edible brown algae did not draw much attention nutritionally because of its low digestion-absorption rate, but the utility value is getting higher as researches on the functions of brown algae are being reported. Therefore in this study, Ishige okamurae that is an edible brown algae was used in vitro to examine the activities of osteoblast and osteoclast, and the effects of Ishige okamurae extracts on osteogenesis through examining the physiological activity of the Ishige okamurae in the animal models with ovariectomy were studied in vivo. Ishige okamurae was extracted using hot water and 80% ethanol solvents, Ishige okamurae ethanol extract had a higher harvest rate of 21.6% compared to hot water extract. The polyphenol content was also higher in ethanol extract (2.22±0.79 mg/g) compare with hot water extract. The effect of Ishige okamurae extracts on the antioxidant activity was studied, ethanol extract showed a high DPPH radical scavenging ability, and showed its highest activity level of 75% at the concentration level of 1,000 μg/mL. In the examination on SOD-like activity, Ishige okamurae ethanol extract showed its highest activity level of 55% compared to hot water extract. Antioxidant activity of the specimen and ROS level of the oxidation-induced osteoblast were measured, and the results showed that all of the concentration levels in hot water extract and ethanol extract showed to have significantly lower ROS formation compared to the control group, and Ishige okamurae ethanol extract concentration at 100 μg/mL showed 50% inhibition ability. This result showed that Ishige okamurae ethanol extracts had good antioxidant effects. To examine Ishige okamurae water extracts affect osteogenesis, the activity of osteoblast was measured. When osteoblasts were processed with Ishige okamurae hot water and ethanol extract, the proliferative rate significantly increased in every concentration level, and 138% of the highest proliferation rate showed when the Ishige okamurae ethanol concentration level was 50 μg/mL. The ALP activity was researched, the ALP activity showed to be higher than 150% when Ishige okamurae ethanol extract was processed with 50 μg/mL. The effects of Ishige okamurae on collagen synthesis were examined, collagen synthesis ability was significantly increased when hot water or ethanol extract concentration was at 10~100 μg/mL, and Ishige okamurae ethanol extract showed the highest increase rate of 141% among them. This result showed that Ishige okamurae extract promotes differentiation inducement and proliferation of osteoblast, induces collagen synthesis, and would have would have beneficial effects on the bone. The effects of Ishige okamurae extract on osteoclast, which plays an important role in bones along with osteoblast, were examined. When osteoclast was processed with Ishige okamurae extract, the one with 100 μg/mL Ishige okamurae ethanol extract showed the lowest growth rate of 63.9% compared to the control group. When the activity of TRAP was measured, the one with 10~100 μg/mL Ishige okamurae extract concentration showed to be significantly reduced compared to the control group. Especially, the Ishige okamurae ethanol extract concentration of 100 μg/mL showed 76% of activity compared to the control group, which showed that Ishige okamurae extract inhibits differentiation and proliferation of osteoclast and have positive effects on bone disease. The results of this study showed that Ishige okamurae extracts have relatively higher antioxidant activities, induce differentiation and proliferation of osteoblast, promote collagen synthesis, and inhibit differentiation and proliferation of osteoclast. Ishige okamurae ethanol extract, which showed the highest activitiy in vitro experiment, was also studied in vivo experiment, and found out how it affects osteogenesis. When Ishige okamurae ethanol extract was orally administered, blood ALP of the menopause and osteoporosis-induced model due to ovariectomy was decreased and collagen content in bone was increased. When the studies on the effects and activating components of bone metabolism-related gene expression are performed in the future, it would be possible to develop the natural ingredients for functional foods that are related to Ishige okamurae and osteoporosis prevention.
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