In late December 2013, Ebola virus emerged from West Africa. The outbreak started in Guinea and rapidly spread to Liberia and Sierra Leone. Ebola virus, species Zaire ebolavirus, is enveloped, non-segmented, negative-single stranded RNA viruses. Ebola virus is a zoonotic disease. Initially, the viru...
In late December 2013, Ebola virus emerged from West Africa. The outbreak started in Guinea and rapidly spread to Liberia and Sierra Leone. Ebola virus, species Zaire ebolavirus, is enveloped, non-segmented, negative-single stranded RNA viruses. Ebola virus is a zoonotic disease. Initially, the virus is spread to the human population after contact with infected wildlife and then spread person-to-person through direct contact with body fluids such as blood, sweat, urine, semen, and breast milk. However, Ebola virus does not undergo airborne transmission. The incubation period is 2?21 days. Ebola virus infects endothelial cells, mononuclear phagocytes and hepatocytes. After infections, the virus uses multiple mechanisms to evade the host immune system. It causes massive damages to internal tissues and organs, such as blood vessels and the liver, and ultimately death. Most tests for the RNA virus rely on a technology called reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This method is highly sensitive, but requires skilled scientists, power supplies, and the tests are expensive. The strip analytical technique (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISA) detects antigen or antibody to Ebola virus. This test is cheap, does not require electricity and refrigeration. Despite ongoing efforts directed at experimental treatments and vaccine development, current medical of Ebola viral disease is largely limited to supportive therapy, thus rapid and reliable diagnostics of Ebola virus are critically important for patient management, infections, prevention and control measures.
In late December 2013, Ebola virus emerged from West Africa. The outbreak started in Guinea and rapidly spread to Liberia and Sierra Leone. Ebola virus, species Zaire ebolavirus, is enveloped, non-segmented, negative-single stranded RNA viruses. Ebola virus is a zoonotic disease. Initially, the virus is spread to the human population after contact with infected wildlife and then spread person-to-person through direct contact with body fluids such as blood, sweat, urine, semen, and breast milk. However, Ebola virus does not undergo airborne transmission. The incubation period is 2?21 days. Ebola virus infects endothelial cells, mononuclear phagocytes and hepatocytes. After infections, the virus uses multiple mechanisms to evade the host immune system. It causes massive damages to internal tissues and organs, such as blood vessels and the liver, and ultimately death. Most tests for the RNA virus rely on a technology called reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This method is highly sensitive, but requires skilled scientists, power supplies, and the tests are expensive. The strip analytical technique (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISA) detects antigen or antibody to Ebola virus. This test is cheap, does not require electricity and refrigeration. Despite ongoing efforts directed at experimental treatments and vaccine development, current medical of Ebola viral disease is largely limited to supportive therapy, thus rapid and reliable diagnostics of Ebola virus are critically important for patient management, infections, prevention and control measures.
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