The purposes of this study are to analyze the factors that have influence on the sports referee's bad call and biased judgement and examine the results of those factors in the respect of the physical, psychological, social level and suggest the strategies for preventing referee's bad call and biased...
The purposes of this study are to analyze the factors that have influence on the sports referee's bad call and biased judgement and examine the results of those factors in the respect of the physical, psychological, social level and suggest the strategies for preventing referee's bad call and biased judgement. Three hundred referees from ten kinds of sports field took part in the research and questionnaires were given to them. The questionnaires included various items to measure the range and degree of factors influence on the sports referee's bad call and biased judgement. Also they consisted of questions about physical, psychological and social results of referee's error and bias and suggested essential strategies for preventing or solving those problems. SPSS 20.0 was induced to analyze the data of materials. Validity and reliability of the measurement were verified by factor analysis and Cronbach's Alpha coefficients. Arithmetic mean and standard deviation for measurement variables of the study were calculated and through the correlative analysis, inter-variable corelation coefficients were calculated. Multiple Regression Analysis was used to find out the relative degree of influence on criteria in each predictor and factor of the sports referee's bad call and biased judgement. With the results of frequence analyses on the type of biased judgements, the study pointed out a person who suggests the illegal biased judgement, the time when the suggestion is presented, and referee's various responses to the suggestion. To make a conclusion, by making use of the basic statistics(arithmetic mean and standard deviations), it proposed the strategies and necessities to solve the problems of referee's bad call and biased judgement. In addition, contents analysis was induced to explain the issues such as the degree of referee's error and prejudice, the type of illegal biased judgement, the proponent of the illegal suggestions, and the type of referee's response to the suggestions according to experience and career as a sports referee. Acquired principal results in the study are as follows: Firstly, while Korean sports referees who think that they rarely don't commit bad calls and biased judgements in the contest, they have recognized that primary determinants of the bad call and biased judgement are their own personal factors and pressure of senior officials. Secondly, the illegal suggestions make referee perform biased judgement are the types of victory fabrication which affect the result of a game. And According to the reason that our society consider clique as a decisive power in relationship and various tasks should be performed through social and humane network, the unreasonable demand and pressure asked by other cliques make the referee accept the biased judgement directly or indirectly. Thirdly, It is a supervisor or coach that proposes illegal suggestion primarily and he(she) directly involved in victory or defeat in a game. Futhermore, persons who have interests in a game, relatives, fellow referees(this case is the worst of all) are the major proponents to influence referee's biased judgement directly or indirectly. Fourthly, the results of the study show that the illegal suggestions offered to referee in games are intented behaviors which proponents planed minutely and the intrigued suggestion is conspired in advance rather than improvisedly at the field. Fifthly, the results revealed that the most common spot the illegal proposals offered is a field where games are about to begin. Even in a few days before a game, a banquet or resort such as a pub or lodging house are available as the informal location for illegal suggestion. Sixthly, referee involved in judgement bad call or biased judgement seems to be suffered from being troubled by pangs of conscience Owing to it, they would appeal not a few of physical and psychological pains. Lastly, in the study, it can be concluded that, at individual level, the most effective strategies for improving and solving problems related referee's judgement bad call and biased judgement are the rigorous enforcement of rigid reward and severe punishment system. Systematic training camps for referee is necessary to guarantee an professional expert pool as well as video monitoring to check the bad call and biased judgement. Limits of the study and further tasks to be solved in the issue are discussed in the fifth chapter.
The purposes of this study are to analyze the factors that have influence on the sports referee's bad call and biased judgement and examine the results of those factors in the respect of the physical, psychological, social level and suggest the strategies for preventing referee's bad call and biased judgement. Three hundred referees from ten kinds of sports field took part in the research and questionnaires were given to them. The questionnaires included various items to measure the range and degree of factors influence on the sports referee's bad call and biased judgement. Also they consisted of questions about physical, psychological and social results of referee's error and bias and suggested essential strategies for preventing or solving those problems. SPSS 20.0 was induced to analyze the data of materials. Validity and reliability of the measurement were verified by factor analysis and Cronbach's Alpha coefficients. Arithmetic mean and standard deviation for measurement variables of the study were calculated and through the correlative analysis, inter-variable corelation coefficients were calculated. Multiple Regression Analysis was used to find out the relative degree of influence on criteria in each predictor and factor of the sports referee's bad call and biased judgement. With the results of frequence analyses on the type of biased judgements, the study pointed out a person who suggests the illegal biased judgement, the time when the suggestion is presented, and referee's various responses to the suggestion. To make a conclusion, by making use of the basic statistics(arithmetic mean and standard deviations), it proposed the strategies and necessities to solve the problems of referee's bad call and biased judgement. In addition, contents analysis was induced to explain the issues such as the degree of referee's error and prejudice, the type of illegal biased judgement, the proponent of the illegal suggestions, and the type of referee's response to the suggestions according to experience and career as a sports referee. Acquired principal results in the study are as follows: Firstly, while Korean sports referees who think that they rarely don't commit bad calls and biased judgements in the contest, they have recognized that primary determinants of the bad call and biased judgement are their own personal factors and pressure of senior officials. Secondly, the illegal suggestions make referee perform biased judgement are the types of victory fabrication which affect the result of a game. And According to the reason that our society consider clique as a decisive power in relationship and various tasks should be performed through social and humane network, the unreasonable demand and pressure asked by other cliques make the referee accept the biased judgement directly or indirectly. Thirdly, It is a supervisor or coach that proposes illegal suggestion primarily and he(she) directly involved in victory or defeat in a game. Futhermore, persons who have interests in a game, relatives, fellow referees(this case is the worst of all) are the major proponents to influence referee's biased judgement directly or indirectly. Fourthly, the results of the study show that the illegal suggestions offered to referee in games are intented behaviors which proponents planed minutely and the intrigued suggestion is conspired in advance rather than improvisedly at the field. Fifthly, the results revealed that the most common spot the illegal proposals offered is a field where games are about to begin. Even in a few days before a game, a banquet or resort such as a pub or lodging house are available as the informal location for illegal suggestion. Sixthly, referee involved in judgement bad call or biased judgement seems to be suffered from being troubled by pangs of conscience Owing to it, they would appeal not a few of physical and psychological pains. Lastly, in the study, it can be concluded that, at individual level, the most effective strategies for improving and solving problems related referee's judgement bad call and biased judgement are the rigorous enforcement of rigid reward and severe punishment system. Systematic training camps for referee is necessary to guarantee an professional expert pool as well as video monitoring to check the bad call and biased judgement. Limits of the study and further tasks to be solved in the issue are discussed in the fifth chapter.
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#sports referee judgement error bias in referee's judgement
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