The purpose of this study is to seek ‘Eco-Spirituality’ that is
to overcome the ‘Quiet Crisis’ of the ecosystem. So, this study
investigated the following points: ‘What is the critical situation of
today’s ecosystem?’, ‘What is the diagnosis and the alternative of
modern ecological r...
The purpose of this study is to seek ‘Eco-Spirituality’ that is
to overcome the ‘Quiet Crisis’ of the ecosystem. So, this study
investigated the following points: ‘What is the critical situation of
today’s ecosystem?’, ‘What is the diagnosis and the alternative of
modern ecological research and Christian theology?’, ‘What are the
ecological allegations in the Bible and in the history of the
Church?’
In modern society, mass production and mass consumption is
due to human selfishness. Improper use of science and technology
in human, environmental contaminants exceed on natural
purification capacity. The ecosystem is disturbed by greenhouse
effect, deforestation, acid rain, radioactive spills, etc.. Survival of
human life on earth will be threatened.
The ecosystem crisis is connected with many complex issues
in human society. So, merely the application of science and
technology and environmental policy alone can not be easily
overcome. Ecological discussions on the ecological crisis are
ongoing in many areas. In modern ecology, Deep Ecology
criticizes a human-centered view of the world and claims equal
rights for all creatures i.e. ‘life-centered equality’. Social Ecology
finds the causes of the environmental problems in social factors,
and claims protection of the ecosystem through dissolution of
hierarchical governance structure of society. Eco-Feminism
criticizes the male-centered patriarchal view of the world, and
claims the harmony of man and nature, the recovery of equal
status of men and women for symbiotic, and non-hierarchical
equality that overcome discrimination of biological and social
gender.
In general, modern ecologists have pointed out the
‘human-centered view of creation’ as the cause of the ecological
crisis. They claim that ‘human-centered view of creation’ has
reduced nature to the human object of desire, and interpreted the
Bible for the purpose of exploitation of nature which brought the
indiscriminate destruction of the ecosystem. Some Christian
theologians refuted their claims because there were pollution and
natural damage by humans before the spreading of Christian faith,
and that it is modern science and technology underlying
civilization that have destroyed the harmony of the created order
and aggravated ecological problems.
Since the Lutheran World Federation conference in 1961,
strategies for overcoming the ecological crisis are actively
discussed. Process Philosophy claims organismic view of nature
that brings God, the natural world, and human relationships
covered in organic position. Eco-Feminist Theology claims the
motherhood of God and the relational thinking for ecological
justice and welfare for all life. Spiritual Theology claims Creation
Spirituality that combines spiritual potential imbued with
mysticism and cosmic Christology. Systematic Theology claims
the theology of creation as ecological creation that guides all
creatures, including humans, into communion with the Creator. In
addition, Systematic Theology claims Bioethics that admits the
intrinsic value of all living creatures, and emphasizes unlimited
liability for all creatures.
There is interpreted controversy between modern ecologists
and eco-theologians about ‘subdue the earth’(Gen 1:28). Ecologists
claim that this verse is the cause of the ecological crisis. On the
other hand, eco-theologians have refuted that this verse does not
mean indiscriminate domination and exploitation but aims at
obtaining and consuming crops by cultivating the land.
In the Old Testament, human creature can not be separated
from God and nature. Created in the image of God, Human
creatures should be responsible to protect and preserve God’s
creation. The destruction of creation means destruction of the
human image of God.
In the New Testament, the Incarnation of Christ shows God’s
coming into the natural world and human environment. The
redemptive work of Christ brings the universal salvation, not only the salvation of humans but the salvation of the whole natural
world. All creatures are freed from the slavery of death, and
looking forward to join the enjoying freedom of the children of
God.
The early Christian Church had an ecological understanding of
the natural world and eco-spirituality. According to the Early
Church Father Irenaeus of Lyon, the Trinity of God maintains and
governs all creatures. As house of God, the created world is not
to be ruled by human creature, and is not be destroyed by them
either. According to St. Francis of Assisi, all creatures are God’s
mirror, revealing the presence of God. God reveals himself
according to the order of creation and through all creatures.
According to the 16th century reformer Martin Luther, all
creatures are the grace of God given to man. and all of creation
is God’s mask, the Creator present under all of nature, with all,
and in all.
Creation is based on the character of God himself. So, this
whole universe totally depends on God. Only God has the rule to
the ecosystem. In addition, God’s creation allows no discrimination.
There shall be no discrimination in God’s creation. Human’s abuse
and destruction is the act of infringement upon God’s authority.
Human creatures are stewards of God’s creation. Human creatures
were created to serve other creatures, and to serve God through
that.
It is the right attitude of humans to feel their duties toward
for God and their responsibilities toward other creatures. But
humans show a lack of these attitudes. The ecosystem is heading
towards crisis. In order to overcome the crisis of the ecosystem,
Eco-Spirituality is needed as the stewardship. Eco-Spirituality is a
responsible attitude toward God and other creatures. Humans as
stewards should protect the natural environment in accordance
with the will of God. Protection of environment should be
reasonably used in accordance w
The purpose of this study is to seek ‘Eco-Spirituality’ that is
to overcome the ‘Quiet Crisis’ of the ecosystem. So, this study
investigated the following points: ‘What is the critical situation of
today’s ecosystem?’, ‘What is the diagnosis and the alternative of
modern ecological research and Christian theology?’, ‘What are the
ecological allegations in the Bible and in the history of the
Church?’
In modern society, mass production and mass consumption is
due to human selfishness. Improper use of science and technology
in human, environmental contaminants exceed on natural
purification capacity. The ecosystem is disturbed by greenhouse
effect, deforestation, acid rain, radioactive spills, etc.. Survival of
human life on earth will be threatened.
The ecosystem crisis is connected with many complex issues
in human society. So, merely the application of science and
technology and environmental policy alone can not be easily
overcome. Ecological discussions on the ecological crisis are
ongoing in many areas. In modern ecology, Deep Ecology
criticizes a human-centered view of the world and claims equal
rights for all creatures i.e. ‘life-centered equality’. Social Ecology
finds the causes of the environmental problems in social factors,
and claims protection of the ecosystem through dissolution of
hierarchical governance structure of society. Eco-Feminism
criticizes the male-centered patriarchal view of the world, and
claims the harmony of man and nature, the recovery of equal
status of men and women for symbiotic, and non-hierarchical
equality that overcome discrimination of biological and social
gender.
In general, modern ecologists have pointed out the
‘human-centered view of creation’ as the cause of the ecological
crisis. They claim that ‘human-centered view of creation’ has
reduced nature to the human object of desire, and interpreted the
Bible for the purpose of exploitation of nature which brought the
indiscriminate destruction of the ecosystem. Some Christian
theologians refuted their claims because there were pollution and
natural damage by humans before the spreading of Christian faith,
and that it is modern science and technology underlying
civilization that have destroyed the harmony of the created order
and aggravated ecological problems.
Since the Lutheran World Federation conference in 1961,
strategies for overcoming the ecological crisis are actively
discussed. Process Philosophy claims organismic view of nature
that brings God, the natural world, and human relationships
covered in organic position. Eco-Feminist Theology claims the
motherhood of God and the relational thinking for ecological
justice and welfare for all life. Spiritual Theology claims Creation
Spirituality that combines spiritual potential imbued with
mysticism and cosmic Christology. Systematic Theology claims
the theology of creation as ecological creation that guides all
creatures, including humans, into communion with the Creator. In
addition, Systematic Theology claims Bioethics that admits the
intrinsic value of all living creatures, and emphasizes unlimited
liability for all creatures.
There is interpreted controversy between modern ecologists
and eco-theologians about ‘subdue the earth’(Gen 1:28). Ecologists
claim that this verse is the cause of the ecological crisis. On the
other hand, eco-theologians have refuted that this verse does not
mean indiscriminate domination and exploitation but aims at
obtaining and consuming crops by cultivating the land.
In the Old Testament, human creature can not be separated
from God and nature. Created in the image of God, Human
creatures should be responsible to protect and preserve God’s
creation. The destruction of creation means destruction of the
human image of God.
In the New Testament, the Incarnation of Christ shows God’s
coming into the natural world and human environment. The
redemptive work of Christ brings the universal salvation, not only the salvation of humans but the salvation of the whole natural
world. All creatures are freed from the slavery of death, and
looking forward to join the enjoying freedom of the children of
God.
The early Christian Church had an ecological understanding of
the natural world and eco-spirituality. According to the Early
Church Father Irenaeus of Lyon, the Trinity of God maintains and
governs all creatures. As house of God, the created world is not
to be ruled by human creature, and is not be destroyed by them
either. According to St. Francis of Assisi, all creatures are God’s
mirror, revealing the presence of God. God reveals himself
according to the order of creation and through all creatures.
According to the 16th century reformer Martin Luther, all
creatures are the grace of God given to man. and all of creation
is God’s mask, the Creator present under all of nature, with all,
and in all.
Creation is based on the character of God himself. So, this
whole universe totally depends on God. Only God has the rule to
the ecosystem. In addition, God’s creation allows no discrimination.
There shall be no discrimination in God’s creation. Human’s abuse
and destruction is the act of infringement upon God’s authority.
Human creatures are stewards of God’s creation. Human creatures
were created to serve other creatures, and to serve God through
that.
It is the right attitude of humans to feel their duties toward
for God and their responsibilities toward other creatures. But
humans show a lack of these attitudes. The ecosystem is heading
towards crisis. In order to overcome the crisis of the ecosystem,
Eco-Spirituality is needed as the stewardship. Eco-Spirituality is a
responsible attitude toward God and other creatures. Humans as
stewards should protect the natural environment in accordance
with the will of God. Protection of environment should be
reasonably used in accordance w
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