Background: : A tattoo is made by the act of inserting ink into the dermal layer of the skin by piercing the skin with a needle. Because the ink is injected into the dermis, the tattoo is permanent and not easy to remove. In addition, the safety of the tattoo ink is important because it directly con...
Background: : A tattoo is made by the act of inserting ink into the dermal layer of the skin by piercing the skin with a needle. Because the ink is injected into the dermis, the tattoo is permanent and not easy to remove. In addition, the safety of the tattoo ink is important because it directly contacts the dermis of the skin. However consumers only check sanitary conditions of tattoo tool needles. The interest and manage of tattoo ink is vulnerable.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution status of tattoo ink market and to investigate the present status of MSDS information and the severity of chemical hazards of tattoo ink.
Methods: We collected 1,782 MSDS online. Based on the informations in the collected MSDSs, single substances were identified and classified into chmical substances according to the UN GHS classification criteria, and the hazard of mixed substances was classified only for products whose content was disclosed. In addition, according to the minimum amount of MSDS information among the contents of the UN GHS Guideline, whether or not any of the six items (information on chemical products and company, hazard and risk, name and content of components, physicochemical properties, stability and reactivity, toxicity) was missing was examined and the reliability was compared with the contents of MSDS and the GHS classification results.
Results: We identified 1,782 ink types produced by 59 brands of tattoo ink distributed domestically and abroad. There are 1,293 tattoos in the United States. 72 single chemicals used in tattoo ink were used. As a result of GHS classification of a single chemical product, one product (1.39%) was classified as carcinogen class 1, two products (2.78%) were classified as class 2, and one product was classified as corresponding to reproductive toxicity category 1B 1(1.39%), respectively. Skin corrosion / irritation category 1(1.38%), category 2 (16.67%), Skin sensitizer category 1 6(8.33%). Among the total 127 substances in the mixture, 15(11.81%) were classified as carcinogenic category 1A and 61(48.03%) were classified as category 2. One was classified as reproductive toxicity Category 1B(1.39%). One product (0.79%) was classified as skin corrosive or irritant substance Category 1, and 10(7.87%) were classified as Skin Sensitive Category 1. One thousand five hundred thirty-five(98.78%) were classified as providing information on chemical products and companies, and 1236(79.54%) were classified as hazardous or dangerous. In addition, 1,532(98.58%), 1,147(73.81%), and 1,435(92.34%) of the products that accurately communicate safety and reactivity are delivered accurately. One thousand ninety-seven items (70.59%) were surveyed. As a result of the reliability analysis, 68(53.54%) of the 127 products and 91(71.65%) of the 127 products which do not agree with the hazard information were analyzed.
Conclusion: The reliability of MSDS is still low in tattoo ink. Ethanol, carbon black, and titanium dioxide correspond to the substances causing the carcinogenicity therein, and substances causing reproductive toxicity include methyl alcohol and thymol. Tattoo ink contain harmful substances and there is a possibility that these harmful substances may have harmful effects on the skin.
Background: : A tattoo is made by the act of inserting ink into the dermal layer of the skin by piercing the skin with a needle. Because the ink is injected into the dermis, the tattoo is permanent and not easy to remove. In addition, the safety of the tattoo ink is important because it directly contacts the dermis of the skin. However consumers only check sanitary conditions of tattoo tool needles. The interest and manage of tattoo ink is vulnerable.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution status of tattoo ink market and to investigate the present status of MSDS information and the severity of chemical hazards of tattoo ink.
Methods: We collected 1,782 MSDS online. Based on the informations in the collected MSDSs, single substances were identified and classified into chmical substances according to the UN GHS classification criteria, and the hazard of mixed substances was classified only for products whose content was disclosed. In addition, according to the minimum amount of MSDS information among the contents of the UN GHS Guideline, whether or not any of the six items (information on chemical products and company, hazard and risk, name and content of components, physicochemical properties, stability and reactivity, toxicity) was missing was examined and the reliability was compared with the contents of MSDS and the GHS classification results.
Results: We identified 1,782 ink types produced by 59 brands of tattoo ink distributed domestically and abroad. There are 1,293 tattoos in the United States. 72 single chemicals used in tattoo ink were used. As a result of GHS classification of a single chemical product, one product (1.39%) was classified as carcinogen class 1, two products (2.78%) were classified as class 2, and one product was classified as corresponding to reproductive toxicity category 1B 1(1.39%), respectively. Skin corrosion / irritation category 1(1.38%), category 2 (16.67%), Skin sensitizer category 1 6(8.33%). Among the total 127 substances in the mixture, 15(11.81%) were classified as carcinogenic category 1A and 61(48.03%) were classified as category 2. One was classified as reproductive toxicity Category 1B(1.39%). One product (0.79%) was classified as skin corrosive or irritant substance Category 1, and 10(7.87%) were classified as Skin Sensitive Category 1. One thousand five hundred thirty-five(98.78%) were classified as providing information on chemical products and companies, and 1236(79.54%) were classified as hazardous or dangerous. In addition, 1,532(98.58%), 1,147(73.81%), and 1,435(92.34%) of the products that accurately communicate safety and reactivity are delivered accurately. One thousand ninety-seven items (70.59%) were surveyed. As a result of the reliability analysis, 68(53.54%) of the 127 products and 91(71.65%) of the 127 products which do not agree with the hazard information were analyzed.
Conclusion: The reliability of MSDS is still low in tattoo ink. Ethanol, carbon black, and titanium dioxide correspond to the substances causing the carcinogenicity therein, and substances causing reproductive toxicity include methyl alcohol and thymol. Tattoo ink contain harmful substances and there is a possibility that these harmful substances may have harmful effects on the skin.
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