차량화재 측면에서의 아파트 지하주차장 소화성능 개선에 관한연구 : 전기차화재 중심으로 A Study on the Improvement of Fire Extinguishing Performance of Apartment Underground Parking Lot in Terms of Vehicle Fires -with Focus on Electric Vehicle Fires원문보기
국내의 스프링클러 설계는 용도별·규모별에의한 일률적이고도 단순한 규약배관의 시방위주 설계방식으로 방사압 0.1과 방수량 80의 표준형헤드 K-factor80을 설치기준으로 하고 있다.미국은 위험용도별 분류를 세분화시켜 위험등급별로 살수밀도를 정하고 방호구역내 살수면적을 이용하여 수리계산 방식으로 스프링클러를 설계한다.국내와 소방시설법이 유사한 일본은 주차장 적용소화설비가 국내와 동일한 물분무등 소화설비이지만,큰 차이점은 국내와같이 유사한 기능과 성능에의한 대체소화설비의 면제조항은 규정하지 않는다.
아파트 지하주차장에서 내연기관차와 전기차의 차량화재 발생시 K-fac tor 80,115,160의 방수량과 살수밀도에의한 FDS를이용,화재시뮬레이션을 수행하여 소화성능을 비교분석하고 다음과같이 결론에 제안하였다.아파트 지하주차장에서 차량화재에의한 화재의 제어·진압 및 인접차량으로 연소확대 차단등의 화재적응성이 있는 소화설비는 물분무소화설비가 가장 적합하고 스프링클러설치로 면제되는 규정은 개선되어야한다.하지만 지하주차장에 스프링클러가 설계된다면 용도별·규모별이 아닌 화재하중을 고려한 위험등급을 세분화하여 위험도에 따른 살수밀도와 방수량이 적합하고 다양한 K-factor 적용과 수리계산의 설계방식 이어야한다. 더블어 아파트 지하주차장에 적용되는 K-factor80은 현재의 차량화재에 화재적응성이 매우낮아 K-factor 115나,K-factor 160의 방수량과 살수밀도로 화재의 제어·진압,인접차량으로 연소확대 차단을위한 소화성능의 개선이 필요하다고 제안하였다.
기후온난화와 기후변화에 대응하기위한 세계적·국가적 저탄소 환경정책은 내연기관차에서 전기자동차로의 전환을 빠르게 요구하고 있다.아파트지하주차장은 무창층·밀폐공간으로 자동차에 내장되는 A·B·C급 가연물의 증가나 입주민의 계절적 주차선호도,주민복지시설의 겸용등에 의해 재실자밀도의 증가로 차량화재시 위험성은 높아지고 있다.
국내의 스프링클러 설계는 용도별·규모별에의한 일률적이고도 단순한 규약배관의 시방위주 설계방식으로 방사압 0.1과 방수량 80의 표준형헤드 K-factor80을 설치기준으로 하고 있다.미국은 위험용도별 분류를 세분화시켜 위험등급별로 살수밀도를 정하고 방호구역내 살수면적을 이용하여 수리계산 방식으로 스프링클러를 설계한다.국내와 소방시설법이 유사한 일본은 주차장 적용소화설비가 국내와 동일한 물분무등 소화설비이지만,큰 차이점은 국내와같이 유사한 기능과 성능에의한 대체소화설비의 면제조항은 규정하지 않는다.
아파트 지하주차장에서 내연기관차와 전기차의 차량화재 발생시 K-fac tor 80,115,160의 방수량과 살수밀도에의한 FDS를이용,화재시뮬레이션을 수행하여 소화성능을 비교분석하고 다음과같이 결론에 제안하였다.아파트 지하주차장에서 차량화재에의한 화재의 제어·진압 및 인접차량으로 연소확대 차단등의 화재적응성이 있는 소화설비는 물분무소화설비가 가장 적합하고 스프링클러설치로 면제되는 규정은 개선되어야한다.하지만 지하주차장에 스프링클러가 설계된다면 용도별·규모별이 아닌 화재하중을 고려한 위험등급을 세분화하여 위험도에 따른 살수밀도와 방수량이 적합하고 다양한 K-factor 적용과 수리계산의 설계방식 이어야한다. 더블어 아파트 지하주차장에 적용되는 K-factor80은 현재의 차량화재에 화재적응성이 매우낮아 K-factor 115나,K-factor 160의 방수량과 살수밀도로 화재의 제어·진압,인접차량으로 연소확대 차단을위한 소화성능의 개선이 필요하다고 제안하였다.
The growing demand for a rapid transition from internal combustion engine vehicles to eiectric vehicies is prompted by global and national low-carbon environmental policies that aim to mitigate warming and climate change. The underground parking facilities of apartments,which are typically windo...
The growing demand for a rapid transition from internal combustion engine vehicles to eiectric vehicies is prompted by global and national low-carbon environmental policies that aim to mitigate warming and climate change. The underground parking facilities of apartments,which are typically windowless,enclosed spaces,are experiencing a surge in occupancy density.This is attributable to an increase in Class A,B,and C flammable materials used in vehicles,as well as seasonal parking preferences of residents.Additionally,these underground parking facilities can serve as local community welfare facilities,further contributing to their high occupancy density. In this study,it can be seen that in the event of a vehicle fire,an internal combustion engine vehicle presents a higher fire severity risk due to the Class B fire characteristies of gasoline. Conversely,an electric vehicle poses a higher risk in terms of fire suppression due to the class A and C fire characteristics of the battery. When a vehilce fire occurs in an underground parking lot,we examined whether the fire extinguishing performance of sprinklers,the initial fire extinguishing system designed to control,extinguish,and prevent the spread of fire to adjacent vehicles before the arrival of the fire department,was adequately suited for the class of fire. Domestic,sprinkler design follows a uniform and straightforward specification-based pipe design method according to each use and size.the standard head K-factor 80 with a discharge pressure of 0.1 and a discharge flow rate of 80 is applied as the installation standard. Conversely,the United States classifies hazards in more detail,defining spray density for each hazard class.Sprinklers are are designed using the hydraulic calculation method within the protected area’s spray area.Japan,with a Fire Safety Facilities Act similar to the domestic Fire Safety Facilities Act uses water-spr aying fire extinguishing systems for parking lots.However,Japan does not provide an exemption clause like the domestic exemption clause for equivalent alternative equipment. In this study,a fire simmulation of an internal combustion engine vehicle fire and an electric vehicle fire in an underground parking lot were conducted.We used FDS based on the discharge flow rate and spray density of K-factor 80,115,and 160,and compared the fire extinguishing performance.Hence,we propose the following:
A water-spraying fire extinguishing system is the most suitable fire extinguishing equipment for a vehicle fire in an underground parking lot due to its adaptability in controlling,extinguishing, and preventing the spread of fire to nearby vehicle. Moreover,the regulation allowing exemptions from installing such fire extinguishing equipment with the installation of sprinklers needs revision.If sprinklers are installed in an underground parking lot,hazard classes should be further divided,considering the fire load rather than each use and size.Therefore,sprinklers should be designed using the hydraulic calculation method by applying various K-factors with the appropriate spray density and discharge flow rate according to the hazard level.Additionally,the K-factor 80 currently applied to undergroud parking lots exhibits low fire adaptability,thus necessitating enhancements to its fire extinguishing performance.This improvement can be realized by adjusting the discharge flow rate and spray density to match the levels of K-factor 115 or 160 to better control,extinguish,and prevent the spread of fire to nearby vehicles.
The growing demand for a rapid transition from internal combustion engine vehicles to eiectric vehicies is prompted by global and national low-carbon environmental policies that aim to mitigate warming and climate change. The underground parking facilities of apartments,which are typically windowless,enclosed spaces,are experiencing a surge in occupancy density.This is attributable to an increase in Class A,B,and C flammable materials used in vehicles,as well as seasonal parking preferences of residents.Additionally,these underground parking facilities can serve as local community welfare facilities,further contributing to their high occupancy density. In this study,it can be seen that in the event of a vehicle fire,an internal combustion engine vehicle presents a higher fire severity risk due to the Class B fire characteristies of gasoline. Conversely,an electric vehicle poses a higher risk in terms of fire suppression due to the class A and C fire characteristics of the battery. When a vehilce fire occurs in an underground parking lot,we examined whether the fire extinguishing performance of sprinklers,the initial fire extinguishing system designed to control,extinguish,and prevent the spread of fire to adjacent vehicles before the arrival of the fire department,was adequately suited for the class of fire. Domestic,sprinkler design follows a uniform and straightforward specification-based pipe design method according to each use and size.the standard head K-factor 80 with a discharge pressure of 0.1 and a discharge flow rate of 80 is applied as the installation standard. Conversely,the United States classifies hazards in more detail,defining spray density for each hazard class.Sprinklers are are designed using the hydraulic calculation method within the protected area’s spray area.Japan,with a Fire Safety Facilities Act similar to the domestic Fire Safety Facilities Act uses water-spr aying fire extinguishing systems for parking lots.However,Japan does not provide an exemption clause like the domestic exemption clause for equivalent alternative equipment. In this study,a fire simmulation of an internal combustion engine vehicle fire and an electric vehicle fire in an underground parking lot were conducted.We used FDS based on the discharge flow rate and spray density of K-factor 80,115,and 160,and compared the fire extinguishing performance.Hence,we propose the following:
A water-spraying fire extinguishing system is the most suitable fire extinguishing equipment for a vehicle fire in an underground parking lot due to its adaptability in controlling,extinguishing, and preventing the spread of fire to nearby vehicle. Moreover,the regulation allowing exemptions from installing such fire extinguishing equipment with the installation of sprinklers needs revision.If sprinklers are installed in an underground parking lot,hazard classes should be further divided,considering the fire load rather than each use and size.Therefore,sprinklers should be designed using the hydraulic calculation method by applying various K-factors with the appropriate spray density and discharge flow rate according to the hazard level.Additionally,the K-factor 80 currently applied to undergroud parking lots exhibits low fire adaptability,thus necessitating enhancements to its fire extinguishing performance.This improvement can be realized by adjusting the discharge flow rate and spray density to match the levels of K-factor 115 or 160 to better control,extinguish,and prevent the spread of fire to nearby vehicles.
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