This study explores the activation of near-modern historical and cultural spaces through an analysis of their evolution and changes in spatial significance. It involves on-site investigations and comparative analyses between different groups (the general public and experts) to examine the current st...
This study explores the activation of near-modern historical and cultural spaces through an analysis of their evolution and changes in spatial significance. It involves on-site investigations and comparative analyses between different groups (the general public and experts) to examine the current status and perceptional characteristics. This study places focus on near-modern historical and cultural spaces' activation within the domains of historical and cultural significance, landscape enhancement, space activation, and urban regeneration. The results are as follows:
First, in the analysis of the current general status of near-modern historical and cultural spaces, eight sites are currently designated as near-modern historical and cultural spaces, with an average registered area of 55,260 square meters per site. In terms of utilization of individual registered cultural heritage sites, more than half of the sites in Mokpo Near-Modern Historical and Cultural Space, Yeongju Near-Modern Historical and Cultural Street, Gunsan Inland Port Historical and Cultural Space, and Jinhae Near-Modern Historical and Cultural Space are currently being utilized. Besides, most of the terrain is flat, and key landscape features such as rest areas and planters contribute to the streetscape. However, it is noted that there is a need for expanded installations in available vacant spaces. The near-modern industrialization period in the 1900s saw different economic developments in various geographical coastal and inland regions. Coastal areas primarily experienced the growth of industries such as fisheries, while inland areas witnessed industrialization driven by the railway industry, leading to the development of sectors like timber and coal.
Second, when examining the 47 indicators selected by the expert group by domain, a total of 11 indicators were adopted in the domain of historical and cultural significance, consisting of 3 historical indicators, 4 cultural indicators, and 4 aesthetic indicators. In the landscape domain, a total of 13 indicators were adopted, including 5 street facilities indicators, 5 streetscape indicators, and 3 nighttime landscape indicators. Furthermore, in the area of space activation, a total of 13 indicators were adopted, comprising 4 exhibition indicators, 6 program indicators, and 3 service indicators. In the urban regeneration domain, a total of 10 indicators were adopted, including 3 street activation indicators, 4 local economy indicators, and 3 community participation indicators.
Third, in the landscape domain, it was observed that experts perceived the landscape of the Iksan Somni Near-Modern Historical and Cultural Space more favorably compared to the general public. This difference in perception could be attributed to the fact that the general public may perceive the space as it appears during their travel and tourism visits or history and culture experiences, without considering its potential for future development, whereas experts may have evaluated it more positively, taking into account its future growth possibilities. Besides, in the case of Yeongdeok Yeonghae Mart-site Street Near-Modern Historical and Cultural Space, it was noted that experts perceived the landscape less favorably compared to the general public. This discrepancy in perception could be attributed to inadequate understanding of the region's characteristics and status due to frequent changes of the personnel responsible for the administrative affairs. The people in charge may have assessed the landscape solely based solely on its scale, leading to a less favorable perception for landscape.
Fourth, in the urban regeneration domain, both the Yeongdeok Yeonghae Mart-site Street Near-Modern Historical and Cultural Space and the Seocheon Pangyo Near-Modern Historical and Cultural Space were perceived less favorably in terms of urban regeneration by experts compared to the general public. This is believed to be because, during the survey, the general public who were mostly local residents had a more positive perception of their own living environment. In the case of the Iksan Somni Near-Modern Historical and Cultural Space, experts perceived urban regeneration more positively compared to the general public. This seems because experts appear to have a higher perception of urban regeneration compared to the general public since they accurately understand that urban regeneration projects are being carried out in conjunction with cultural heritage preservation efforts. This suggests the need for regional specialization and policy capacity to enhance public awareness and understanding of urban regeneration, especially among the general population.
As shown in the findings mentioned above, this study emphasizes the significance of revitalizing and activating the spatial meaning within near-modern historical and cultural spaces through the connection of lines and surfaces (physical and conceptual) in the local context. However, it should be noted that certain factors such as the differences in the timing of industrial development, the selection of near-modern historical and cultural spaces, the specific timing of the research, and the lack of collaboration with various relevant professional organizations may need to be considered in efforts for future studies.
This study explores the activation of near-modern historical and cultural spaces through an analysis of their evolution and changes in spatial significance. It involves on-site investigations and comparative analyses between different groups (the general public and experts) to examine the current status and perceptional characteristics. This study places focus on near-modern historical and cultural spaces' activation within the domains of historical and cultural significance, landscape enhancement, space activation, and urban regeneration. The results are as follows:
First, in the analysis of the current general status of near-modern historical and cultural spaces, eight sites are currently designated as near-modern historical and cultural spaces, with an average registered area of 55,260 square meters per site. In terms of utilization of individual registered cultural heritage sites, more than half of the sites in Mokpo Near-Modern Historical and Cultural Space, Yeongju Near-Modern Historical and Cultural Street, Gunsan Inland Port Historical and Cultural Space, and Jinhae Near-Modern Historical and Cultural Space are currently being utilized. Besides, most of the terrain is flat, and key landscape features such as rest areas and planters contribute to the streetscape. However, it is noted that there is a need for expanded installations in available vacant spaces. The near-modern industrialization period in the 1900s saw different economic developments in various geographical coastal and inland regions. Coastal areas primarily experienced the growth of industries such as fisheries, while inland areas witnessed industrialization driven by the railway industry, leading to the development of sectors like timber and coal.
Second, when examining the 47 indicators selected by the expert group by domain, a total of 11 indicators were adopted in the domain of historical and cultural significance, consisting of 3 historical indicators, 4 cultural indicators, and 4 aesthetic indicators. In the landscape domain, a total of 13 indicators were adopted, including 5 street facilities indicators, 5 streetscape indicators, and 3 nighttime landscape indicators. Furthermore, in the area of space activation, a total of 13 indicators were adopted, comprising 4 exhibition indicators, 6 program indicators, and 3 service indicators. In the urban regeneration domain, a total of 10 indicators were adopted, including 3 street activation indicators, 4 local economy indicators, and 3 community participation indicators.
Third, in the landscape domain, it was observed that experts perceived the landscape of the Iksan Somni Near-Modern Historical and Cultural Space more favorably compared to the general public. This difference in perception could be attributed to the fact that the general public may perceive the space as it appears during their travel and tourism visits or history and culture experiences, without considering its potential for future development, whereas experts may have evaluated it more positively, taking into account its future growth possibilities. Besides, in the case of Yeongdeok Yeonghae Mart-site Street Near-Modern Historical and Cultural Space, it was noted that experts perceived the landscape less favorably compared to the general public. This discrepancy in perception could be attributed to inadequate understanding of the region's characteristics and status due to frequent changes of the personnel responsible for the administrative affairs. The people in charge may have assessed the landscape solely based solely on its scale, leading to a less favorable perception for landscape.
Fourth, in the urban regeneration domain, both the Yeongdeok Yeonghae Mart-site Street Near-Modern Historical and Cultural Space and the Seocheon Pangyo Near-Modern Historical and Cultural Space were perceived less favorably in terms of urban regeneration by experts compared to the general public. This is believed to be because, during the survey, the general public who were mostly local residents had a more positive perception of their own living environment. In the case of the Iksan Somni Near-Modern Historical and Cultural Space, experts perceived urban regeneration more positively compared to the general public. This seems because experts appear to have a higher perception of urban regeneration compared to the general public since they accurately understand that urban regeneration projects are being carried out in conjunction with cultural heritage preservation efforts. This suggests the need for regional specialization and policy capacity to enhance public awareness and understanding of urban regeneration, especially among the general population.
As shown in the findings mentioned above, this study emphasizes the significance of revitalizing and activating the spatial meaning within near-modern historical and cultural spaces through the connection of lines and surfaces (physical and conceptual) in the local context. However, it should be noted that certain factors such as the differences in the timing of industrial development, the selection of near-modern historical and cultural spaces, the specific timing of the research, and the lack of collaboration with various relevant professional organizations may need to be considered in efforts for future studies.
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