The herb, Chrysanthemum zawadskii var, latilobum commonly known as Gu-Jul-Cho in Korea, used in traditional medicine to treat pneumonia, bronchitis, cough, common cold, pharyngitis, bladder-related disorders, gastroenteric disorders, and hypertension. Linarin is the main active compound and the biol...
The herb, Chrysanthemum zawadskii var, latilobum commonly known as Gu-Jul-Cho in Korea, used in traditional medicine to treat pneumonia, bronchitis, cough, common cold, pharyngitis, bladder-related disorders, gastroenteric disorders, and hypertension. Linarin is the main active compound and the biological mechanisms of its activity are unclear. It is believed that effects of this herb may be exerted through the pluripotent effectors of linarin due to its ability to treat a variety of afflictions. In this study, the effects of linarin on the mouse macrophages cell line, RAW 264.7, were investigated. It was found that linarin could activate macrophages by producing cytokines. Monocytes and tissue macrophages produce at least two groups of protein mediators of inflammation, interleukin 1 (IL-1 ) and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Recent studies have shown that TNF and IL-1 modulate the inflammatory function of endothelial cells, leukocytes, and fibroblasts. $TNF-{\alpha}$ production by macrophages treated with linarin occured in a dose dependent manner However, IL-1 production was largely unaffected by this natural product. This study demonstrated the ability of linarin to activate macrophages both directly and indirectly. Linarin also affect both cytosine production and nitric oxide inhibition, in addition to the expression of some surface molecules. Nitric oxide (NO), derived from L-argin-ine, is produced by two forms(constitutive and inducible) of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The NO produced in large amounts by inducible NOS is known to be responsible for the vasodilation and hypotension observed in septic shock. Linarin was found to inhibit NO production in the LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Linarin may be a useful candidate as a new drug for treating endotoxemia and the inflammation accompanied by NO overproduction. The linarin-treated total Iymphocytes exhibited cytotoxicity in a dose dependent manner between $20{\;}{\mu}g/ml{\;}and{\;}40{\;}{\mu}g/ml$. These results suggest that linarin may function through macrophage activation.
The herb, Chrysanthemum zawadskii var, latilobum commonly known as Gu-Jul-Cho in Korea, used in traditional medicine to treat pneumonia, bronchitis, cough, common cold, pharyngitis, bladder-related disorders, gastroenteric disorders, and hypertension. Linarin is the main active compound and the biological mechanisms of its activity are unclear. It is believed that effects of this herb may be exerted through the pluripotent effectors of linarin due to its ability to treat a variety of afflictions. In this study, the effects of linarin on the mouse macrophages cell line, RAW 264.7, were investigated. It was found that linarin could activate macrophages by producing cytokines. Monocytes and tissue macrophages produce at least two groups of protein mediators of inflammation, interleukin 1 (IL-1 ) and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Recent studies have shown that TNF and IL-1 modulate the inflammatory function of endothelial cells, leukocytes, and fibroblasts. $TNF-{\alpha}$ production by macrophages treated with linarin occured in a dose dependent manner However, IL-1 production was largely unaffected by this natural product. This study demonstrated the ability of linarin to activate macrophages both directly and indirectly. Linarin also affect both cytosine production and nitric oxide inhibition, in addition to the expression of some surface molecules. Nitric oxide (NO), derived from L-argin-ine, is produced by two forms(constitutive and inducible) of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The NO produced in large amounts by inducible NOS is known to be responsible for the vasodilation and hypotension observed in septic shock. Linarin was found to inhibit NO production in the LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Linarin may be a useful candidate as a new drug for treating endotoxemia and the inflammation accompanied by NO overproduction. The linarin-treated total Iymphocytes exhibited cytotoxicity in a dose dependent manner between $20{\;}{\mu}g/ml{\;}and{\;}40{\;}{\mu}g/ml$. These results suggest that linarin may function through macrophage activation.
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제안 방법
In order to investigate the TNF activity, the aoility of the stimulated monocyte supernatarts to lyse a highly TNF- sensitive murine fibrosarcoma cell line, WEHI-164-JD (ATCC), was assessed (Djeu et al., 1988). The TNF-a production assay was carried out according to the Manual of Clinical Laboratory Imm니nology (Noel et al, 1991).
In order to investigate the effect of linarin on lymphocyte proliferation, the splenocytes were incubated with either LPS, mitogen from B시ymphocytes, ConA, or mitogen from T lymphocytes, in the presence of various linarin con- centrations. In this assay, Con A was added to the splenocytes at a concentration of 10 μg/m【.
The aim of this paper was to examine the effects of linarin on macrophage functions, NO production, cytokine release, and expression of some adhesion molecules.
, 1991). The g이Is with IL-ip (1 u/ml) and those without in different culture supernatants of linarin (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 μI) were prepared as the treated groups. 8 wells per group were used and 100 山 of the cell s니spension(4 x 104 cells/w이I) were added to each well and incubated in humidified air with 5.
대상 데이터
Eight-week old female BALB/cmice were purchased from Daehan Biolink. They were maintained in plastic cages under conventional conditions at the laboratory animal center in Sahmyook University.
Flat-bottomed 96 well, LPS (10 ng/ml), LPS/ linarin (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 μg/ml), Media only(DMEM-W), RAW 264.7 cell line, and Griess reagent (s:。아시:0.2% naohylendia HCl, sto자시1:2% sulfanilamide in 5% H2PO4) were used as the materials in this study. NO production was carried out according to the method reported by Stuehr and Nathan (1989).
The mouse macrophages cell line (RAW 264.7), the IL- 1 dependent cell line (D10), the TNF-cx sensitive cell line (W타Hl・164) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). The cells were cultured in DMEM, which was supplemented with a high glucose, L- glutamine, 110mg/L sodium pyruvate, 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 1% (v/v) penicillin (10000 U/ml)/ streptomycin (10000 U/ml)(P/S).
데이터처리
of 2 to 6 independent experiments. The statistical significance was determined using a Student-t tests.
성능/효과
5 μg/ml) were larger and rougher than those exposed to LPS/ linarin (5 and 10 jig/ml). This study showed the ability of linarin to activate macrophages both directly or indirectly and affecting both cytokine production and nitric oxide inhibition, in addition to the expression of some surface molecules. TNF-a prod니Gtion was dependent on the linarin dose.
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