본 연구는 성역할 정체성 및 성역할 불일치가 남성과 여성의 외모만족도와 자아존중감에 미치는 영향을 비교하는데 목적이 있다. 일치이론, 양성성 이론, 남성성 이론, 자아불일치 이론 등이 성역할이 외모만족도와 자아존중감에 미치는 영향의 예측을 위해 고찰되었다. 자료수집을 위해서는 서울과 수도권에 거주하는 20-40세의 남성 125명과 여성 197명이 편의표집 되었다. 공변량구조분석으로 분석한 결과, 남성의 경우, 외모만족도와 자아존중감모두 지각된 남성성만이 영향을 미쳤다. 이에 비하여, 여성들의 경우, 외모만족도에는 지각된 여성성, 여성성 불일치, 남성성 불일치가 영향을 미쳤으며, 자아존중감에는 지각된 여성성, 지각된 남성성, 여성성 불일치, 남성성 불일치가 영향을 미쳤다. 신체질량지수는 여성 경우에만 자아존중감에 영향을 주었다. 본 연구의 곁과는 여성과 남성에 대한 사회적 기대의 차이를 반영하는 것으로, 신체이미지 카운슬러 등의 실무자들이 젊은 여성들의 자아존중감과 외모만족도를 고양하는 데 중요한 시사점이 될 수 있을 것이다.
본 연구는 성역할 정체성 및 성역할 불일치가 남성과 여성의 외모만족도와 자아존중감에 미치는 영향을 비교하는데 목적이 있다. 일치이론, 양성성 이론, 남성성 이론, 자아불일치 이론 등이 성역할이 외모만족도와 자아존중감에 미치는 영향의 예측을 위해 고찰되었다. 자료수집을 위해서는 서울과 수도권에 거주하는 20-40세의 남성 125명과 여성 197명이 편의표집 되었다. 공변량 구조분석으로 분석한 결과, 남성의 경우, 외모만족도와 자아존중감모두 지각된 남성성만이 영향을 미쳤다. 이에 비하여, 여성들의 경우, 외모만족도에는 지각된 여성성, 여성성 불일치, 남성성 불일치가 영향을 미쳤으며, 자아존중감에는 지각된 여성성, 지각된 남성성, 여성성 불일치, 남성성 불일치가 영향을 미쳤다. 신체질량지수는 여성 경우에만 자아존중감에 영향을 주었다. 본 연구의 곁과는 여성과 남성에 대한 사회적 기대의 차이를 반영하는 것으로, 신체이미지 카운슬러 등의 실무자들이 젊은 여성들의 자아존중감과 외모만족도를 고양하는 데 중요한 시사점이 될 수 있을 것이다.
The purpose of this study was to compare the influences of men's and women's sex role identities and sex role discrepancies on their appearance satisfaction and self esteem. Congruency theory, androgyny theory, masculinity theory and self discrepancy theory were used to explore the influence of sex ...
The purpose of this study was to compare the influences of men's and women's sex role identities and sex role discrepancies on their appearance satisfaction and self esteem. Congruency theory, androgyny theory, masculinity theory and self discrepancy theory were used to explore the influence of sex roles on appearance satisfaction and self esteem. Theories suggest that the influence would be different by gender. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 125 men and 197 women aged between 20 and 40 years living in the Seoul metropolitan area. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data. For men, both appearance satisfaction and self esteem were influenced only by their perceived masculinity. For women, however, perceived femininity, femininity discrepancy and masculinity discrepancy had an influence on appearance satisfaction. All the four sex role variables had an influence on women's self esteem. BMI had a negative effect on self esteem for women, but no effect for men. According to the results, unlike men, whose appearance satisfaction and self esteem are only determined by how masculine they are, the women's levels of appearance satisfaction and self esteem are influenced not only by how feminine they are, but also by how masculine and feminine they want to be. The results of this study have implications for body image counselors or practitioners who try to help young women increase their self esteem and satisfaction to their appearance.
The purpose of this study was to compare the influences of men's and women's sex role identities and sex role discrepancies on their appearance satisfaction and self esteem. Congruency theory, androgyny theory, masculinity theory and self discrepancy theory were used to explore the influence of sex roles on appearance satisfaction and self esteem. Theories suggest that the influence would be different by gender. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 125 men and 197 women aged between 20 and 40 years living in the Seoul metropolitan area. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data. For men, both appearance satisfaction and self esteem were influenced only by their perceived masculinity. For women, however, perceived femininity, femininity discrepancy and masculinity discrepancy had an influence on appearance satisfaction. All the four sex role variables had an influence on women's self esteem. BMI had a negative effect on self esteem for women, but no effect for men. According to the results, unlike men, whose appearance satisfaction and self esteem are only determined by how masculine they are, the women's levels of appearance satisfaction and self esteem are influenced not only by how feminine they are, but also by how masculine and feminine they want to be. The results of this study have implications for body image counselors or practitioners who try to help young women increase their self esteem and satisfaction to their appearance.
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문제 정의
The purpose of this study is to compare the influence of the identities of men's and women's sex role identities and their sex role discrepancies on their appearance satisfaction and self esteem. In this study, the relationships among sex role identity, sex role self-discrepancy, body size, appearance satisfaction, and self-esteem were examined using structural equation modeling.
The results of this study have implications for body image counselors or practitioners who try to help young women build higher levels of self esteem and satisfaction to their appearance. For example, some body image related disturbances such as eating disorders or plastic-surgery-addictions may be prevented by instilling more egalitarian sex role attitudes to young women to decrease their sex role discrepancies.
제안 방법
First, in order to examine the rolationships among the variables, an exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis were conducted. Based on the results, measurement models were suggested and tested by confirmatory factor analysis to assure the validity of the measures. Finally, a test of the structural model was separately conducted for each gender, followed by a multi-group comparison between female and male models.
Before the structural model was tested, measurement models were fitted in order to assure the validity of the measures. The measures of sex role identity and discrepancy each consists of 20 masculinity items and 20 femininity items.
Based on the results, measurement models were suggested and tested by confirmatory factor analysis to assure the validity of the measures. Finally, a test of the structural model was separately conducted for each gender, followed by a multi-group comparison between female and male models.
0 and AMOS 5. First, in order to examine the rolationships among the variables, an exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis were conducted. Based on the results, measurement models were suggested and tested by confirmatory factor analysis to assure the validity of the measures.
satisfaction and self esteem. In this study, the relationships among sex role identity, sex role self-discrepancy, body size, appearance satisfaction, and self-esteem were examined using structural equation modeling.
Measures of self esteem, appearance satisfaction, body mass index and perceived and ideal sex role identities were included in the questionnaire. Korean translations of Rosenberg's Self Esteem scale(Rosenberg, 1989) and the appearance subscale of the Extended Satisfaction with Life Scale(Alfdnso et al.
She developed a measure for sex roles which comprises separate scales for masculinity and femininity(Bem, s Sex Role Inventory, hereafter BSRI). She used the differences between masculinity scores and femininity scores to classify individuals into androgynous, feminine, masculine, and undifferentiated groups. She asserted that androgynous individuals are psychologically advantaged than other people.
33, respectively. Since appearance satisfaction would have a high relationship with the individuals5 body size, the weight and height of the respondents were collected as a basis to calculate the body mass index(hereafter BMI). The average height and weight of male respondents, respectively, were 174.
In other words, the measurement models for men and women were not found to be different. Subsequently, nested model comparisons were performed between the measurement weight invariance model and the structural weight invariance model. The structural weight invariance constraints reduced the fit of the model significantly(x2=48.
The sex role related variables(i.e. perceived femininity, perceived masculinity, femininity discrepancy, and masculinity discrepancy) were positioned with BMI in the model as exogenous variables. Doubleheaded arrows which represent covariance were added between perceived femininity and perceived masculinity and femininity discrepancy and masculinity discrepancy because each pair used the same measures.
This study has limitations in that a convenience sample was used. Thus, the results may not be generalized to the general population.
대상 데이터
Data were collected from a convenience sample of 125 men and 198 women aged 20 to 40 who were living in the Seoul metropolitan area, either in person or online. Among the total of 323 questionnaires, 196 were collected face to foce, and 127 were collected online.
데이터처리
Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 5. First, in order to examine the rolationships among the variables, an exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis were conducted.
성능/효과
The results of this study seem to support masculinity theory rather- than the congruency theory or androgyny theory for self esteem, in that perceived masculinity influenced both men's and womeh's self esteem positively. For women, on the other hand, femininity levels also influenced their self esteem, which in part supports the congruency theory.
This study proposed that sex role discrepancies would influence both men's and women's self esteem and appearance satisfaction, but the magnitude of relationships may be different for men and women. For women, the influence of sex role discrepancy on self esteem and appearance satisfaction was expected to be greater and show more complex patterns than for men.
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