오존에 노출된 참나무속 5종의 오존에 대한 내성 능력을 평가하기 위하여 생리생화학적 변화를 조사하였다. 150ppb 오존에 노출된 참나무속 5종(상수리나무, 갈참나무, 대왕참나무, 졸참나무, 굴참나무)의 잎에서 엽록소 함량, 광합성 특성, MDA 함량 및 항산화효소 활성이 측정되었다. 엽록소, 카로테노이드 함량, 순광합성 속도 및 탄소고정효율은 오존 처리 후에 감소하였다. 오존에 노출된 수목의 총 엽록소 함량과 탄소고정효율의 감소율은 갈참나무의 경우 15%와 34% 였으며, 굴참나무의 경우 38.3%와 62.1%였다. MDA 함량은 오존 처리 하에서 증가하였으며, 상수리나무에서 140%까지 증가를 보였다. 상수리나무의 SOD 활성 증가율(60%)은 가장 높았으며, APX 활성은 굴참나무, 졸참나무, 상수리나무에서 증가를 보였다. 생리생화학적 반응을 기초로 한 참나무속 5종의 내성 능력은 갈참나무, 대왕참나무, 졸참나무, 굴참나무, 상수리나무 순이었다. 결론적으로 엽록소 함량, 광합성 특성, MDA 함량, 항산화효소와 같은 생리학적 지표들은 오존 스트레스에 대한 내성을 평가하기 위한 매우 중요한 지표들로 생각되며, 이러한 모수들은 서로 밀접한 관계를 가진다.
오존에 노출된 참나무속 5종의 오존에 대한 내성 능력을 평가하기 위하여 생리생화학적 변화를 조사하였다. 150ppb 오존에 노출된 참나무속 5종(상수리나무, 갈참나무, 대왕참나무, 졸참나무, 굴참나무)의 잎에서 엽록소 함량, 광합성 특성, MDA 함량 및 항산화효소 활성이 측정되었다. 엽록소, 카로테노이드 함량, 순광합성 속도 및 탄소고정효율은 오존 처리 후에 감소하였다. 오존에 노출된 수목의 총 엽록소 함량과 탄소고정효율의 감소율은 갈참나무의 경우 15%와 34% 였으며, 굴참나무의 경우 38.3%와 62.1%였다. MDA 함량은 오존 처리 하에서 증가하였으며, 상수리나무에서 140%까지 증가를 보였다. 상수리나무의 SOD 활성 증가율(60%)은 가장 높았으며, APX 활성은 굴참나무, 졸참나무, 상수리나무에서 증가를 보였다. 생리생화학적 반응을 기초로 한 참나무속 5종의 내성 능력은 갈참나무, 대왕참나무, 졸참나무, 굴참나무, 상수리나무 순이었다. 결론적으로 엽록소 함량, 광합성 특성, MDA 함량, 항산화효소와 같은 생리학적 지표들은 오존 스트레스에 대한 내성을 평가하기 위한 매우 중요한 지표들로 생각되며, 이러한 모수들은 서로 밀접한 관계를 가진다.
Physiological and biochemical changes of five species of genus Quercus exposed to ozone fumigation were investigated to assess their tolerance against ozone toxicity. At the end of 150 ppb ozone fumigation, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic characteristics, malondialdehyde(MDA) and antioxidative ...
Physiological and biochemical changes of five species of genus Quercus exposed to ozone fumigation were investigated to assess their tolerance against ozone toxicity. At the end of 150 ppb ozone fumigation, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic characteristics, malondialdehyde(MDA) and antioxidative enzyme activities were measured in the leaves of five Quercus species(Quercus acutissima, Q. aliena, Q. palustris, Q. serrata, and Q. variabilis). Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, net photosynthesis and carboxylation efficiency decreased after ozone treatment, indicating that $O_3$-exposed plants underwent physiological inhibition. The reduction rate of total chlorophyll contents and carboxylation efficiency were respectively 15% and 34% for Q. aliena and 38% and 62% for Q. variabilis. The amount of MDA increased with the highest increase rate of 140% in Q. acutissima which also showed the highest increase rate(60%) of superoxide dismutase(SOD). Ascorbate peroxidase(APX) activity increased in Q. variabilis, Q. serrata and Q. acutissima by ozone treatment. Based on our results, ozone tolerance of the five Quercus species was ranked as Q. aliena>Q. palustris>Q. serrata>Q. variabilis>Q. acutissima. We concluded that chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis, MDA content and antioxidative enzymes were the important physiological markers for tolerance against ozone stress, which were closely related with one another.
Physiological and biochemical changes of five species of genus Quercus exposed to ozone fumigation were investigated to assess their tolerance against ozone toxicity. At the end of 150 ppb ozone fumigation, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic characteristics, malondialdehyde(MDA) and antioxidative enzyme activities were measured in the leaves of five Quercus species(Quercus acutissima, Q. aliena, Q. palustris, Q. serrata, and Q. variabilis). Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, net photosynthesis and carboxylation efficiency decreased after ozone treatment, indicating that $O_3$-exposed plants underwent physiological inhibition. The reduction rate of total chlorophyll contents and carboxylation efficiency were respectively 15% and 34% for Q. aliena and 38% and 62% for Q. variabilis. The amount of MDA increased with the highest increase rate of 140% in Q. acutissima which also showed the highest increase rate(60%) of superoxide dismutase(SOD). Ascorbate peroxidase(APX) activity increased in Q. variabilis, Q. serrata and Q. acutissima by ozone treatment. Based on our results, ozone tolerance of the five Quercus species was ranked as Q. aliena>Q. palustris>Q. serrata>Q. variabilis>Q. acutissima. We concluded that chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis, MDA content and antioxidative enzymes were the important physiological markers for tolerance against ozone stress, which were closely related with one another.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
문제 정의
Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate cellular responses to ozone as mechanism for oxidant impact on photosynthesis in seedlings of oak trees. The aims of the present study were to (1) determine the effects of ozone exposure on photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation, (2) evaluate the potential occurrence of interspecific variations in O3 sensitivity in Quercus, and (3) evaluate a differential sensitivity to ozone exposure in Quercus.
Our present study suggests that 1) physiological markers such as chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis, MDA content and antioxidative enzymes were considered as the very important indicators in order to evaluate the tolerance against ozone stress, and 2) parameters were closely related with each other and thus they cannot be used as a single marker. The results of this study highlight the species specificity of ozone responses.
가설 설정
Ozone exposure enhanced leaf senescence-related processes and induced reduction of chlorophyll content, photosynthetic decline and depletion of biomass accumulation. Our present study suggests that 1) physiological markers such as chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis, MDA content and antioxidative enzymes were considered as the very important indicators in order to evaluate the tolerance against ozone stress, and 2) parameters were closely related with each other and thus they cannot be used as a single marker. The results of this study highlight the species specificity of ozone responses.
제안 방법
Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate cellular responses to ozone as mechanism for oxidant impact on photosynthesis in seedlings of oak trees. The aims of the present study were to (1) determine the effects of ozone exposure on photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation, (2) evaluate the potential occurrence of interspecific variations in O3 sensitivity in Quercus, and (3) evaluate a differential sensitivity to ozone exposure in Quercus.
Based on physiological and biochemical responses, ozone tolerance ability of five Quercus species was ranked. Injury index was determined by the effect of ozone on MDA, total chlorophyll content, carboxylation efficiency and biomass. Tolerance index was calculated using increase rate of SOD, APX, CAT and GR activities.
5 to make even impact for all 8 parameters. The total sum of tolerance index that is calculated from 4 antioxidative enzymes and injury index including sum of MDA, chlorophyll content, carboxylation efficiency and biomass were aggregated to evaluate the tolerance against ozone stress.
대상 데이터
Seeds of five species of genus Quercus (Q. acutissima, Q. aliena, Q. palustris, Q. serrata, and Q. variabilis) were germinated in sand soil on March 12, 2007. One-year-old seedlings were transplanted into plastic pots (H 20 × W 15 cm) containing artificial soil which consisted of 1:1:1 sand: peat moss: vermiculite (volume basis).
데이터처리
To compare the effect on control and O3 treatment, ANOVA was performed on experimental data (statistical significance, p ≤0.05).
이론/모형
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was assayed based on the inhibition of reduction of nitro-blue tetrazolium in the presence of xanthine at 530 nm according to the method of Beauchamp and Fridovich (1971). Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was determined by the method of Nakano and Asada (1981). The assay was carried out in a reaction mixture containing 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.
성능/효과
However, there was no significant interaction between species and ozone treatment for net photosynthesis. The reduction rate of net photosynthesis comparing with control in the seedlings of five species varied from 23.8% (Q. variabilis) to 58.6% (Q. acutissima). Carboxylation efficiency differed significantly (p < 0.
Species × ozone treatment interaction was not significant for carboxylation efficiency in the seedlings of five species. The reduction rate of carboxylation efficiency was the highest in the leaves of Q. acutissima (62.1%), and Q. aliena that showed lowest reduction rate was also decreased 33.6% for carboxylation efficiency in comparison with control. Substantial progression of photosynthetic-pigment destruction by ozone fumigation suggested the hinder of photosynthesis and decrees of photosynthesis resulted in reduction of biomass.
05) differences among species and between control and ozone treatment while there was no significant difference with species × ozone treatment interaction. Among five species, Q. acutissima (30.9%) and Q. serrata (33.3%) showed high reduction and Q. variabilis (14.0%) showed low reduction in biomass.
2). Especially, the amount of MDA was increased under ozone fumigation and showed the highest increase rate of 140% in Q. acutissima among five species, whereas it was reduced in Q. aliena and Q. palustris under ozone fumigation.
05) between control and ozone treatment as well as among five species, and species × ozone treatment interaction was also significant for APX activity. APX activity increased in the leaves of Q. acutissima (7.8%), Q. serrata (22.3%) and Q. variabilis (26.1%) under ozone exposure, whereas Q. aliena (-17.0%) and Q. palustris (-15.8%) decreased in comparison with control plants. GR activity differed significantly (p < 0.
Based on physiological and biochemical responses mentioned above, ozone tolerance ability of five Quercus species was ranked as Q. aliena > Q. palustris > Q. serrata > Q. variabilis > Q. acutissima (Fig. 3).
, 2006). In our results, there was the increase of MDA content after exposure of O3 in Q. acutissima, Q. serrata and Q. variabilis species that showed severe reduction of chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate. However, the other two species, Q.
variabilis species that showed severe reduction of chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate. However, the other two species, Q. aliena and Q. palustris, which showed no reduction rate in the ratio of chlorophyll a to b, did not increase in MDA content (Fig. 2). Therefore, the reduction of chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis had a tendency of the increase of MDA content in sensitive species.
palustris than those of control plants, whereas GR activities were not significantly increased (Table 2). Additionally, Q. acutissima that showed high reduction rate in photosynthetic pigments content, photosynthesis and highest increase rate of MDA content had highest increase rate in SOD and GR activities (see above). Although cellular responses to ozone are dependent on multiple factors, in general higher activities of scavenger antioxidant metabolite usually increase protection against stress (Sharma and Davis, 1997; Calatayud et al.
참고문헌 (54)
Alonso, R., S. Elvira, F. J. Castillo, and B. S. Gimeno, 2001: Interactive effects of ozone and drought stress on pigments and activities of antioxidative enzymes in Pinus halepensis. Plant, Cell & Environment 24, 905-916
Anderson, P. D., B. Palmer, J. L. J. Houpis, M. K. Smith, and J.C. Pushnik, 2003: Chloroplastic responses of ponderrosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings to ozone exposure. Environment International 29, 407-413
Beauchamp, C. and I. Fridovich, 1971: Superoxide dismutase: Improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry 44, 276-297
Bielenberg, D. G., J. P. Lynch, and E. J. Pell, 2002: Nitrogen dynamics during $O_3$ -dincuded accelerated senescence in hybrid polar. Plant, Cell & Environment 25, 501-512
Calatayud, A., J. W. Ramirez, H. D. Iglesias, and E. Barreno, 2002: Effects of ozone on photosynthetic $CO_2$ exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and antioxidant systems in lettuce leaves. Physiologia Plantarum, 116, 308-316
Carlberg, I. and B. Mannervik, 1985: Glutathione reductase. Methods in Enzymology 113, 485-490
Elvira, S., R. Alonso, F. J. Castillo, and B. S. Gimeno, 1998: On the response of pigments and antioxidants of Pinus halepensis seedlings to Mediterranean climatic factors and long-term ozone exposure. New Phytologist 138, 419-432
Elvira, S, V. Bermejo, E. Manrique, and B. S. Gimeno, 2004: On the response of two populations of Quercus coccifera to ozone and its relationship with ozone uptake. Atmospheric Environment. 38, 2305-2311
Farquhar, G.D., von S. Caemmerer, and J.A. Berry, 1980: A biochemical model of photosynthetic $CO_2$ assimilation in leaves of $C_3$ species. Planta 149, 78-90
Fossati, P., L. Prencipe, and G. Berti, 1980: Use of 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy benzenesulfonic acid /4-aminophenazone chromogenic system in direct enzyme assay of uric acid in serum and urine. The Clinical Chemistry Methodology 26, 227-231
Felzer, B. S., T. Cronin, J. M., Reilly, J. M. Melillo, and X. Wang, 2007: Impacts of ozone on trees and crops. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 339, 784-798
Fuhrer, J. and B. Achermann, 1994: Critical levels for ozone; AUN-ECE Workshop report. FAC Report No. 16 Swiss federal research station for Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Hygience, Liebefeld-Bern
Han, S. H., D. H., Kim, K. Y. Lee, J .J. Ku, and P. G. Kim, 2007: Physiological damages and biochemical alleviation to ozone toxicity in five species of genus Acer. Journal of Korean Forest Society 96, 551-560
Han, S. H., J. C. Lee, W. Y. Lee, Y. Park, and C. Y. Oh, 2006: Antioxidant characteristics and phytoremediation potential of 27 texa of roadside trees at industrial complex area. Korean Horticultural of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 8, 159-168
Hanson, P. J., S. D. Wullschleger, R. J. Norby, T. J. Tschaplinski, and C. A. Gunderson, 2005: Importance of changing $CO_2$ , temperature, precipitation, and ozone on carbon and water cycles of an upland-oak forest: incorporating experimental results into model simulations. Global Change Biology 11, 1402-1423
Hanson, P. J., L. J. Samuelson, and S. D. Wullschleger, 1994: Seasonal patterns of light-saturated photosynthesis and leaf conductance for mature and seedling Quercus rubra L. Foliage: differential sensitivity to ozone. Tree Physiology 14, 1351-1366
Heath, R. L. and L. Parker, 1968: Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 125, 189-198
Iglesias, D. J., A. Calatayud, Barreno, E. Primi-Millo, and M. Talon, 2006. Responses of citrus plants to ozone: leaf biochemistry, antioxidant mechanisms and lipid peroxidation. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 44, 125-131
Inclan, R., A. Ribas, M. Pujadas, J. Teres, and B. S. Gimeno, 1999: The relative sensitivity of different Mediterranean plant species to ozone exposure. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 116, 273-277
Karnosky, D. F., J. M. Skelly, K. E. Percy, and A. H. Chappelka, 2007: Perspectives regarding 50 years of research on effects of tropospheric ozone air pollution on US forests. Environmental Pollution 147, 489-506
Kelting, D. L., J. A. Burger, and G. S. Edwards, 1995: The effects of ozone on the root dynamics of seedlings and mature red oak (Quercus rubra L.). Forest Ecology and Management 769, 197-206
Kim, P. G., and E. J. Lee, 2001: Ecophysiology of photosynthesis 1: Effects of light intensity and intercellular $CO_2$ pressure on photosynthesis. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 3, 126-133
Knudson, L. L., T. W. Tibbitts, and G. E., Edwards, 1977: Measurement of ozone injury by determination of leaf chlorophyll concentration. Plant Physiology 60, 606-608
Kubo, A., H., Saji, K. Tanaka, and N. Kondo, 1995: Expression of Arabidopsis cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase gene in response to ozone or sulfur dioxide. Plant Molecular Biology 29, 479-489
Long, S. P., and S. P. Naidu, 2002: Effects of oxidants at the biochemical, cell and physiological levels, with particular reference to ozone. Air pollution and plant Life, J. N. B. Bell, and M. Treshow (Eds.), Wiley, London, 69-88
Lichtenthaler, H. K., 1987: Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology 148, 350-382
Lee, J. C., S. H. Han, P. G. Kim, S. S. Jang, and S. Y. Woo, 2003: Growth, physiological responses and ozone uptake of five Betula species exposed to ozone. Korean Journal of Ecology 26, 165-172
Mills, G., G. Ball, F. Hayes, J. Fuhrer, L., Skarby, L., B. Gimeno. L. De Temmerman, and A. Heagle, 2000: Development of a multi-factor model for predicting the effects of ambient ozone on the biomass of white clove. Environmental Pollution 109, 533-542
Ministry of Environment, 2005: Annual report of air quality in Korea 2004, 145pp.
Minnocci, A., A. Pannicucci, L. Sebastiani, G. Lorenzini, and C. Vitagliano, 1999: Physiological and morphological responses of olive plants to ozone exposure during a growing season. Tree Physiology 19, 391-397
Muller-Edzards, C., W. De Nries, and J. W. Erisman, 1997: Ten years of monitoring forest condition in Europe. UN/ECE-EC Technical Background Report. Brussels, Geneva: EC-UN/ECE
Nakano, Y., and K. Asada, 1981: Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiology 22, 867-880
Paakkonen, E., J. Vahala, M. Pohjola, T. Holopainen, and L. Karenlampi, 1998: Physiological, stomatal and ultrastructural ozone responses in birch (Betula pendula Roth) are modified by water stress, Plant, Cell & Environment 21, 671-684
Paoletti, E., C. Nali, R. Marabottini, G. Della Rocca, G. Lorenzini, A. R. Paolacci, M. Ciaffi, and M. Badiani, 2003: Strategies of response to ozone in Mediterranean evergreen species. Establishing Ozone Critical Levels II. UNECE Workshop Report. IVL report B 1523, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Goteborg, Sweden, 336-343
Paoletti, E., G. Seufert, G. Della Rocca, and H. Thomsen, 2007: Photosynthetic responses to elevated $CO_2$ and $O_3$ in Quercus ilex leaves at a natural $CO_2$ spring. Environmental Pollution 147, 516-524
Prince, A., P. W. Lucas, and P. J. Lea, 1990: Age dependent damage and glutathione metabolism in ozone fumigated barley: a leaf section approach. Journal of Experimental Botany 41, 1309-1317
Puckette, M. C., H. Weng, and R. Mahalingam, 2007: Physiological and biochemical responses to acute ozoneinduced oxidative stress in Medicago truncatula. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 45, 70-79
Ranieri, A., G. D'Urso, C., Nali, G. Lorenzini, and G. F. Soldatini, 1996: Ozone stimulates apoplastic antioxidant systems in pumpkin leaves. Physiologia Plantarum 97, 381-387
Ranieri, A., G. Ginuntini, F. Ferraro, C., Nali, B., Baldan, G. Lorensini, and G.R. Soldatini, 2001: Chronic ozone fumigation induces alterations in thylakoid functionality and composition in two poplar clones. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 39, 999-1008
Ragazzi, A., S. Moricca, and I. Dellavalle, 1998: Status of oak decline studies in Italy and some view of the European situation. Proceedings of Workshop on Disease/Environment Interactions in Forest Decline, Vienna, Austria, 202
Rao, M. V., C. Paliyath, and D. P. Ormrod, 1996: Ultraviolet-B and ozone-induced biochemical changes in antioxidant enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiology 110, 125-136
Ribas, A., J. Penuelas, S. Elvira, and B. S. Gimeno, 2005: Ozone exposure induces the activation of leaf senescence-related processes and morphological and growth changes in seedlings of Mediterranean tree species. Environmental Pollution 134, 291-300
Sakaki, T., N. Kondo, and K. Sugahara, 1983: Breakdown of photosynthetic pigments and lipids in spinach leaves with ozone fumigation: role of active oxygens. Physiologia Plantarum 59, 28-34
Samuelson, L. J., J. M. Kelly, and P. A. Mays, 1996: Growth and nutrition of Quercus rubra L. seedlings and mature trees after three seasons of ozone exposure. Environmental Pollution 91, 317-323
Skarby, L., H. Ro-Poulsen, F. A. M. Wellburn, and L. J. Sheppard, 1998: Impacts of ozone on forests: a European perspective. New Phytologist 139, 109-122
Sousa Santos, M. N. D, and A. M. Moura Martins, 1993: Cork oak decline. Notes regarding damage and incidence of Hypexylon mediterraneum. Recent advances in Studies on Oak Decline. N.P. Luisi, A. Lerario, and B. Nannini (Eds), Italy: Universita degli Studi, Dipartmento di by Patologia vegetale, 115-121
Tauz, M., K. Herbinger, S. Posch, and N. E. Grulke, 2002: Antioxidant status of Pinus jeffreyi needles from mesic and xeric microsites in early and late summer. Phyton-Annales Rei Botanicae 42, 201-207
Thomas, F. M., R. Blank, and G. Hartmann, 2002: Abiotic and biotic factors and their interactions as causes of oak decline in Central Europe. Forest Pathology 32, 277-307
Vitale, M., E. Calvatori, F. Voreto, S. Fares, and F. Manes, 2008: Physiological responses of Quercus ilex leaves to water stress and acute ozone exposure under controlled conditions. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 189, 113-125
Weinstein, A., L. J. Samuelson, and M. A. Arthur, 1998: Comparison of the response of red oak (Quercus rubra) seedlings and mature trees to ozone exposure using simulation modeling. Environmental Pollution 102, 307-320
Wullschleger, S. D., P. J. Hanson, and G. S. Edwards, 1996: Growth and maintenance respiration in leaves of northern red oak seedlings and mature trees after three years of ozone exposure. Plant Cell and Environment 19, 577-584
Yoshida, M., Y. Nouchi, and S. Toyama, 1994: Studies on the role of active oxygen in ozone in injury to plant cells. I. Generation of active oxygen in rice protoplast exposed to ozone. Plant Science 95, 197-205
Zheng, Y., H. Shimizu, and J. D. Barnes, 2002: Limitations to $CO_2$ assimilation in ozone-exposed leaves of Plantago major. New Phytologist 155, 67-78
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.