[논문]미토콘드리아 16S rRNA 염기서열에 의한 한국, 중국 낙지의 유전자 집단 분석

김주일; 오택윤; 서영일; 조은섭

doi:10.5352/jls.2009.19.6.711

미토콘드리아 16S rRNA 염기서열에 의한 한국, 중국 낙지의 유전자 집단 분석
Population Genetic Structure of Octopus minor Sasaki from Korea and China Based on a Partial Sequencing of Mitochondrial 16S rRNA 원문보기

생명과학회지 = Journal of life science, v.19 no.6 = no.110, 2009년, pp.711 - 719

김주일 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소) , 오택윤 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소) , 서영일 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소) , 조은섭 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소)

초록
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본 연구는 2006년 8월부터 2007년 9월까지 여수, 남해, 진도, 무안, 거문도, 서산 및 중국의 산동에서 포획한 낙지 유전자 집단을 분석하기 위하여 미토콘드리아 16S rRNA 염기서열로 조사했다. 유전자 분석은 총 28 개체로부터 11개의 haplotype이 발견되었다. 유전자 분화율은 0.2-1.2% 범위로 나타났다. Haplotype에 대한 PHYLIP 및 network 조사에 따르면 낙지는 두개의 clade (clade AIclade B)로 나뉘어지며, clade 사이의 분화율은 0.4%로 나타났다. 지역적 거리에 따라 haplotype이 다음과 같이 분화되었다. 하나는 여수, 남해, 무안, 진도 haplotype과 다른 하나는 서산, 거문도, 산동 haplotype으로 나뉘어졌다. 계충구조 분석에서도 한국 낙지집단 및 중국과의 유전적 차이를 볼 수 있으나, 현저한 지역적 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 한국연안에 서식하고 있는 일부 낙지집단은 gene flow에 의해서 유전적 동질성을 나타낼 수 있지만, 한국집단 간 뿐만 아니라 중국집단과의 유전적 분화는 지역적 거리 및 장벽으로 인하여 제한적인 gene flow로 설명될 수 있다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

We determined a portion of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences (416 bp) to investigate the genetic structure of the octopus (Octopus minor Ssaki) population in Korea and China. Samples were obtained from Korea (Yeosu, Namhae, Jindo, Muan, Geomundo and Seosan) and China (Sandong) during the period of August 2006 to September 2007. Sequence analyses of 28 individual specimens collected from 7 localities revealed 11 haplotypes, ranging in a sequence divergence of 0.2% - 1.2%. Phylogenetic analyses using PHYLIP and networks subdivided the octopus into two clades (termed clade A and B) and the nucleotide divergence between them was 0.4%. This haplotype subdivision was in accordance with geographic separation: one at Yeosu, Namhae, Muan and Jindo, and the other at Seosan, Geomundo and Sandong. On the basis of hierarchial genetic analysis, genetic distance between localities in Korea and China were also found, but a significant population differentiation was not shown in this study (p>0.05). Consequently, most of the octopus populations in Korea had considerable distribution due to the mitochondrial gene flow that resulted in a formation of a genetically homogenous structure, whereas some of the Korean and Chinese populations had different genetic structures. Gene flow among populations may be restricted due to impassable geographic barriers that promote genetic differentiation.

주제어

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문제 정의

As a result of mtDNA analysis in this study, one of the interesting features is the finding of high haplotype numbers within local populations. On the other hand, a 02 haplotype was represented as a major one on Korea and China coasts in terms of frequency (a total of 39.

제안 방법

Amplification PCR product using the primers L2510-16S (forward) and H3058-16S (reverse) for the octopus, Octopus miner. 100 bp DNA ladder was used as molecular size marker in this study.
However, the octopus is poorly understood in studies of management and conservation genetics. In this study, we used the mitochondrial 16S gene sequences to analyze the inter-population and intra-population genetic structure of this species in Korean and Chinese waters.
1 [20]. The mean number of differences between all pairs of haplotypes in the sample was obtained by considering the number of mutations having occurred since the di vergence of any two haployptes, and the frequency of the ones involved in the calculation. Nucleotide diversity was calculated by estimating the probability that two randomly chosen homologous sequences would be different [15].

대상 데이터

The octopuses were sampled from 6 localities on Korea coasts and 1 locality on a Chinese coast during the period of October 2006 - October 2007 (Fig. 1). We used a total of 28 individual specimens collected at 7 localities [Korea: Namhae (locality 2), Muan (locality 6), Yeosu (locality 3), Jindo (locality 5), Seosan (locality 7) and Geomundo (locality 4); China: Sangdong (locality 1)].

이론/모형

For distance analysis, subprogram DNADIST in PHYL1P was used to obtain a matrix of Kimura's two-parameter dis tance [13]. Distance matrix was analyzed by subprogram NEIGHBOR in PHYLEP with algorithms based on Saitou and Nei's neighbor-joining (NJ) method [19]. All nucleotide sub stitution was equally weighted and unordered alignment gaps were treated as missing information.
Hierarchical genetic relationships among populations and sets of populations were assessed by the Holsinger and Mason-Gamer (H-MG) method [9]. This study tested the degree of hierarchical subdivision between specified sets of lo calities with the AMOVA (Analysis of Molecular Variance) program [4] incorporated in Arlequin ver 1.
6. Hierarchical relationships among localities using the Holsinger and Mason-Gamer method [9]. The value at each node is the distance between its two daughter nodes and the p value is the significance of differentiation based on 1,000 random re-samplings.
The data set was iterated 100 times using a subprogram SEQBOOT. Reliability of the tree was constructed using subprogram CONSENSE in PHYL1P after pairwise sequence distances were estimated by Kimura's two-parameter method, which attempts to cor rect observed dissimilarities for multiple substitution in se quences evolving with a transition bias.
To investigate the magnitude and pattern of genetic diver sity within localities, the genetic diversity and mean number of pairwise differences among haplotypes, gene diversity, and nudeotide diversity were calculated using Arlequin ver 1.1 [20]. The mean number of differences between all pairs of haplotypes in the sample was obtained by considering the number of mutations having occurred since the di vergence of any two haployptes, and the frequency of the ones involved in the calculation.

성능/효과

The genetic trees generated by NJ and ML methods had a similar topology and even analyses run through several transitions: transversion weightings of l:0z 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 did not affect them. 11 haplotypes obtained in this study were subdivided into two independent groups(clade A and clade B) although haplotype relationships with in each clade were mostly not resolved. When members of haplotypes in each clade were imposed on their geographic location, they were divided into two geographic groups.
diversity (n) (Table 4). One of the biggest results is high H In a range of 0.8-1, all but Namhae, Jindo and Seosan (Z/=0.85, 0.88 and 0.86, respectively) were ex tremely high (Z/=0.9-1.0). Particularly, all individual speci mens at Yeosu and Geomundo showed all and nearly all different haplotypes, respectively (both H= 1.

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