녹지식물과 접함으로써 얻어지는 생리 심리적 효과를 과학적으로 실증하는 것은 녹지의 심리효과에 대한 객관적인 지식의 제공과 더불어 인간의 감성을 고려한 녹지공간을 창출에 있어 유용한 근거가 될 것이다. 본 연구에서는 15명의 한국인 남성을 대상으로 자연 발산하는 소나무 잎의 향기를 맡는 동안 대뇌활동(뇌혈액동태)과 자율신경계활동(혈압, 맥박, 아밀라제)을 측정하고, SD법(Semantic Differential method)과 POMS(Profile Of Mood States)를 이용하여 소나무 향기에 대한 인상 및 감정상태의 변화를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 소나무 향기는 대뇌활동에 있어 전두야의 감정, 판단, 운동을 담당하는 부위와 측두야의 기억을 담당하는 부위의 활성화를 초래하였다. SD법과 POMS에 의한 언어적 평가에서는 소나무 향기는 자연적이지만, 자극적이고 활발한 인상을 가지며, 활기를 주고 혼란한 정서를 안정시키는 향기로서 평가되었다. 한편, 자율신경계활동에서는 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 실증된 결과를 통해, 소나무 향기가 우리의 생리 심리적인 측면에 활력을 주는 사실이 과학적으로 검증되었으며, 금후 감성을 고려한 녹지환경 디자인을 위한 기초적인 자료로 활용될 것을 기대한다.
녹지식물과 접함으로써 얻어지는 생리 심리적 효과를 과학적으로 실증하는 것은 녹지의 심리효과에 대한 객관적인 지식의 제공과 더불어 인간의 감성을 고려한 녹지공간을 창출에 있어 유용한 근거가 될 것이다. 본 연구에서는 15명의 한국인 남성을 대상으로 자연 발산하는 소나무 잎의 향기를 맡는 동안 대뇌활동(뇌혈액동태)과 자율신경계활동(혈압, 맥박, 아밀라제)을 측정하고, SD법(Semantic Differential method)과 POMS(Profile Of Mood States)를 이용하여 소나무 향기에 대한 인상 및 감정상태의 변화를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 소나무 향기는 대뇌활동에 있어 전두야의 감정, 판단, 운동을 담당하는 부위와 측두야의 기억을 담당하는 부위의 활성화를 초래하였다. SD법과 POMS에 의한 언어적 평가에서는 소나무 향기는 자연적이지만, 자극적이고 활발한 인상을 가지며, 활기를 주고 혼란한 정서를 안정시키는 향기로서 평가되었다. 한편, 자율신경계활동에서는 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 실증된 결과를 통해, 소나무 향기가 우리의 생리 심리적인 측면에 활력을 주는 사실이 과학적으로 검증되었으며, 금후 감성을 고려한 녹지환경 디자인을 위한 기초적인 자료로 활용될 것을 기대한다.
The scientific verification of the physiological and psychological effects that result from interaction with green plants would not only provide objective knowledge on the psychological effect of green but would also establish useful grounds for the creation of green spaces that consider human emoti...
The scientific verification of the physiological and psychological effects that result from interaction with green plants would not only provide objective knowledge on the psychological effect of green but would also establish useful grounds for the creation of green spaces that consider human emotions. The present study measured the cerebral activity(cerebral blood flow) and the autonomic nervous system activity (blood pressure, pulse rate, amylase) of fifteen Korean male subjects as they inhaled the natural scent diffused by pine needles. Impression and mood state evaluations of the reactions to the pine scent were carried out using the SD method and POMS. Cerebral activity was observed to be significantly activated in the feeling, judgment, and motor areas of the frontal lobe, as well as the memory area in the temporal lobe. Verbal evaluations by the SD method and POMS indicated a pine scent left natural but stimulated and active impressions, provided vigor, and also reduced confusion. The autonomic nervous system activities, however, showed no significant differences. These findings verified scientifically that a pine scent vitalizes humans both physiologically and psychologically. These results could be useful as fundamental data for the design of green spaces that consider human emotional aspects.
The scientific verification of the physiological and psychological effects that result from interaction with green plants would not only provide objective knowledge on the psychological effect of green but would also establish useful grounds for the creation of green spaces that consider human emotions. The present study measured the cerebral activity(cerebral blood flow) and the autonomic nervous system activity (blood pressure, pulse rate, amylase) of fifteen Korean male subjects as they inhaled the natural scent diffused by pine needles. Impression and mood state evaluations of the reactions to the pine scent were carried out using the SD method and POMS. Cerebral activity was observed to be significantly activated in the feeling, judgment, and motor areas of the frontal lobe, as well as the memory area in the temporal lobe. Verbal evaluations by the SD method and POMS indicated a pine scent left natural but stimulated and active impressions, provided vigor, and also reduced confusion. The autonomic nervous system activities, however, showed no significant differences. These findings verified scientifically that a pine scent vitalizes humans both physiologically and psychologically. These results could be useful as fundamental data for the design of green spaces that consider human emotional aspects.
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문제 정의
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of green plants, focusing on physiological and psychological aspects. The physiological and psychological effect of plants scents were clarified experimentally.
to that of essential oils. Therefore, the present study set out to review their physiological and psychological effects of using scents diffused by plants growing in living spaces.
제안 방법
Figure 9 shows the experimental protocol. Following ex planations about the overview and details of the experiment, the subjects were asked to wear the required NIRS measuring devices and the measurement conditions were checked. Before the full-scale experiment, a measurement practice was con ducted in order to relieve any anxiety felt by subjects due to the measurement protocol.
In this study, physiological and psychological effects of pine scent were measured experimentally with a limited subjects group (with respect to age and gender) and in an indoor set ting for a clearer analysis of the physiological responses. The accumulation of data based on different experimental settings is needed to confirm the validity of application of these find ings to real green spaces.
In this study, the psychological aspects of pine scents were identified by verbal evaluations based on a psychological ques tionnaire in addition to measurement of physiological aspects. For the index, the Semantic Differential (SD) method, which evaluates the impression of pine scent, and the Profile Of Mood State(POMS) were used.
Before the experiment was carried out, the process was precisely explained to the subjects and informed consent was obtained from each individual. The experiment was conducted in the shield room where all the subjects would be exposed to the fewest ex ternal factors. The temperature was maintained at 25 °C and 60% humidity and the room was illuminated at 501ux.
Cerebral oxygenated hemo- globin(OxyHb) was used in the analysis, which best reflects the brain activities among the indicators measurable with NIRS. The rest state was 20 seconds before the subjects had started to smell, since that time was regarded to be when the subject was in the most relaxed state and the stimulation state time was 90 seconds in 2 minutes by consideration of olfactory adaptation In order to confirm the feature that changed CBF while the subjects smelled the scent, the mean for 20 seconds of rest state was also compared with the mean of the each and 30 seconds in the stimulation state. The mean changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, and amylase were com pared before and after smelling, using the one-sample Mest.
The mean changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, and amylase were com pared before and after smelling, using the one-sample Mest. The results of the SD method were analyzed and evaluated to control the pine scent. Each score of the POMS was then evaluated and the score given to each item was converted to a T score.
Before the full-scale experiment, a measurement practice was con ducted in order to relieve any anxiety felt by subjects due to the measurement protocol. The subjects were then stabilized for a while, their blood pressure, pulse rate and salivary amy lase were measured, and questionnaires for SD method and POMS were filled out. The subjects were asked to become stabilized again(2 minutes), and after their CBF became sed ative, the pine scent was presented.
In contrast, in the case of a questionnaire, subjects have to recall their mood state after the stimulation is finished, and it is only possible to evaluate it with words provided by the experimenter. Therefore, in this study, physiological aspects were reviewed using indexes such as the cerebral activities and autonomic nervous system activities. For the measurement of the cerebral activ ity, FMRI, MEG, EEG and CNV are typically used.
대상 데이터
The physiological and psychological effect of plants scents were clarified experimentally. The material studied was the scent of a pine tree, which is a representative plant mate rial in green space and is used frequently in Korean daily life. While Korean male subjects were smelled the scents diffused from pine needles, their cerebral activities and autonomic nervous system activities were measured; in addition, verbal evaluations by SD method and POMS were carried out.
This study included fifteen healthy Korean male subjects(mean±SD* 27.5+2.2 years old). Before the experiment was carried out, the process was precisely explained to the subjects and informed consent was obtained from each individual.
데이터처리
Each score of the POMS was then evaluated and the score given to each item was converted to a T score. A change in feeling was reviewed using the Wil coxon rank-sum test. Significance was established at p<0.
이론/모형
aspects. For the index, the Semantic Differential (SD) method, which evaluates the impression of pine scent, and the Profile Of Mood State(POMS) were used. The SD rating scale is de signed to measure the connotative meaning concept, as de signed by Osgood, and is wildly used in psychological test- ing(Osgood et al.
성능/효과
Accor dingly pine scents was evaluated as a scent that reduced confusion and invigorated mood states. Correlations were found between the result of the SD method and POMS; the natural impression of pine scent influenced the relief of con fusion, and the stimulative and active impressions gave vigor. Pine scents clearly had natural and stimulative impressions that provded a reduction in confusion and a promotion of vig or in the psychological aspects.
In conclusion, based on these findings, pine scents was sci entifically verified to provide vitality to human physiological and psychological aspects. These effects are assumed to be closely related to the fact that pine trees greatly influence the feelings and spirit aspects of Koreans, and to the fact that pine plant material is in regular use in their daily lives.
Previous studies have found reductions in blood pressure due to contact with nature; therefore, these findings should be re-evaluated using different experimental settings. The evaluation of impression by the SD method showed that pine scent was appraised as a natural scents, and as a stimulative and active scents. In POMS, vigor and an ease of confused feelings were responses to smeffing pine scent.
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