최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
NTIS 바로가기한국미생물·생명공학회지 = Korean journal of microbiology and biotechnology, v.38 no.4, 2010년, pp.349 - 361
이정기 (배재대학교 생명유전공학과)
In this review, the current knowledge of the carbon metabolism and global carbon regulation in Corynebacterium glutamicum are summarized. C. gluamicum has phosphotransferase system (PTS) for the utilization of sucrose, glucose, and fructose. C. glutamicum does not show any preference for glucose whe...
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
핵심어 | 질문 | 논문에서 추출한 답변 |
---|---|---|
C. glutamicum은 무엇인가? | C. glutamicum은 G+C 함량이 높은 그람 양성의 비병원성이며, 운동성이 없고 포자를 형성하지 않는 통성혐기성 세균이다. 식품의 풍미제인 글루탐산 나트륨(MSG)의 제조에 사용되는 L-glutamic acid는 년 150만 톤이 생산되며, 가축 사료 첨가제로 사용되는 L-lysine의 경우 년 80만 톤이 생산되고 있다. | |
PTS은 무엇인가? | 대부분의 통성 및 편성 혐기성 세균들은 다양한 당류를 이용하기 위해 phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)에 의존적인 PTS을 통해 세포 내로 당을 수송한다. PTS는 당의 인산화 뿐만 아니라, non-PTS 당의 이용과 관계된 유전자의 전사를 조절하는 등, 다른 탄소 대사 경로의 조절에도 관여되어 있는 복잡하고 중요한 당 전달 시스템이다[78, 79]. PTS에서 당 수송의 에너지원으로서 PEP가 사용되며, 모든 PTS당의 수송에 공통적으로 관여하는 general protein인 enzyme I (EI)과 Histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein (HPr)이 있고, 막 단백질로서 당 특이적 enzyme II (EII)나 혹은 별도의 enzyme III (EIII)와 함께 EII/EIII 쌍을 이루고 있다. | |
C. glutamicum을 ethanol/glucose 혼합물에서 생육할 경우, biphasic한 생육패턴을 보이는 이유는? | glutamicum을 ethanol/glucose 혼합물에서 생육시키면 초반에 glucose를 먼저 이용하고 난 후에 두 번째 생육을 위하여 ethanol을 소모하는 biphasic한 생육 패턴을 보인다[3, 58]. 이러한 biphasic한 생육 패턴의 이유는 glucose 존재 하에서 AK, PTA, ICL, MS 뿐만 아니라 alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)와 acetaldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH)의 활성이 낮게 유지되어 glucose가 먼저 소모된 후 앞서 열거한 6 종류의 효소 활성이 높아져 ethanol을 이용한 두 번째 생육이 가능하기 때문이다[3, 58]. 이러한 결과는 C. |
Arndt, A. and B. J. Eikmanns. 2007. The alcohol dehydrogenase gene adhA in Corynebacterium glutamicum is subject to carbon catabolite repression. J. Bacteriol. 189: 7408-7416.
Arndt, A. and B. J. Eikmanns. 2008. Regulation of carbon metabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum. In: Burkovski A. (ed) Corynebacteria Genomics and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk UK, pp 155-182.
Arndt, A., M. Auchter, T. Ishige, V. F. Wendisch, and B. J. Eikmanns. 2008. Ethanol catabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15: 222-233.
Auchter, M., A. Arndt, and B. J. Eikmanns. 2009. Dual transcriptional control of the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene ald of Corynebacterium glutamicum by RamA and RamB. J. Biotechnol. 140: 84-91.
Auchter, M., A. Cramer, A. Huser, C. Ruckert, D. Emer, P. Schwarz, A. Arndt, C. Lange, J. Kalinowski, V. F. Wendisch, and B. J. Eikmanns. 2010. RamA and RamB are global transcriptional regulators in Corynebacterium glutamicum and control genes for enzymes of the central metabolism. J. Biotechnol. [Epub ahead of print]
Bai, G., L. A. McCue, and K. A. McDonough. 2005. Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3676 (CRPMt), a cyclic AMP receptor protein-like DNA binding protein. J. Bacteriol. 187: 7795-7804.
Barrett, E., C. Stanton, O. Zelder, G. Fitzgerald, and R. P. Ross. 2004. Heterologous expression of lactose- and galactose- utilizing pathways from lactic acid bacteria in Corynebacterium glutamicum for production of lysine in whey. J. Bacteriol. 70: 2861-2866.
Becker, J., C. Klopprogge, O. Zelder, E. Heinzle, and C. Wittmann. 2005. Amplified expression of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in Corynebacterium glutamicum increases in vivo flux through the pentose phosphate pathway and lysine production on different carbon sources. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 8587-8596.
Becker, J., C. Klopprogge, A. Herold, O. Zelder, C. J. Bolten, and C. Wittmann. 2007. Metabolic flux engineering of L-lysine production in Corynebacterium glutamicumover expression and modification of G6P dehydrogenase. J. Biotechnol. 132: 99-109.
Becker, J., C. Klopprogge, H. Schroder, and C. Wittmann. 2009. Metabolic engineering of the tricarboxylic acid cycle for improved lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 7866-7869.
Blombach, B., M. E. Schreiner, M. Moch, M. Oldiges, and B. J. Eikmanns. 2007. Effect of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency on L-lysine production with Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 76: 615-623.
Blombach, B., A. Cramer, B. J. Eikmanns, and M. Schreiner. 2009. RamB is an activator of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex subunit E1p gene in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 16: 236-239.
Blombach, B., and G. M. Seibold. 2010. Carbohydrate metabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum and applications for the metabolic engineering of L-lysine production strains. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 86: 1313-1322.
Bott, M. 2007. Offering surprises: TCA cycle regulation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Trends Microbiol. 15: 417-425.
Brabetz, W., W. Liebl, and K. H. Schleifer. 1991. Studies on the utilization of lactose by Corynebacterium glutamicum, bearing the lactose operon of Escherichia coli. Arch. Microbiol. 155: 607-612.
Brinkrolf, K., S. Ploger, S. Solle, I. Brune, S. S. Nentwich, A. T. Huser, J. Kalinowski, A. Puhler, and A. Tauch 2008. The LacI/GalR family transcriptional regulator UriR negatively controls uridine utilization of Corynebacterium glutamicum by binding to catabolite-responsive element (cre)-like sequences. Microbiology. 154: 1068-1081.
Brinkrolf, K., J. Schroder, A. Puhler, and A. Tauch. 2010. The transcriptional regulatory repertoire of Corynebacterium glutamicum: Reconstruction of the network controlling pathways involved in lysine and glutamate production. J. Biotechnol. 149: 173-182.
Bruckner, R. and F. Titgemeyer. 2002. Carbon catabolite repression in bacteria: choice of the carbon source and autoregulatory limitation of sugar utilization. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 209: 141-148.
Brune, I, K. Brinkrolf, J. Kalinowski, A. Puhler, and A. Tauch. 2005. The individual and common repertoire of DNA-binding transcriptional regulators of Corynebacterium glutamicum, Corynebacterium efficiens, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium jeikeium deduced from the complete genome sequences. BMC Genomics. 6: 86.
Bussmann, M., D. Emer, S. Hasenbein, S. Degraf, B. J. Eikmanns, and M. Bott. 2009. Transcriptional control of the succinate dehydrogenase operon sdhCAB of Corynebacterium glutamicum by the cAMP-dependent regulator GlxR and the LuxR-type regulator RamA. J. Biotechnol. 143: 173-182.
Cha, P. H., S. Y. Park, M. W. Moon, B. Subhadra, T. K. Oh, E. Kim, J. F. Kim, and J. K. Lee. 2010. Characterization of an adenylate cyclase gene (cyaB) deletion mutant of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 85: 1061-1068.
Cocaign-Bousquet, M., A. Guyonvarch, and N. D. Lindley. 1996. Growth rate-dependenct modulation of carbon flux through central metabolism and the kinetic consequences for glucose-limited chemostat cultures of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 429-436.
Cramer A, R. Gerstmeir, S. Schaffer, M. Bott and B. J. Eikmanns. 2006. Identification of RamA, a novel LuxRtype transcriptional regulator of genes involved in acetate metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Bacteriol. 188: 2554-2567.
Derouaux, A., D. Dehareng, E. Lecocq, S. Halici, H. Nothaft, F. Giannotta, G. Moutzourelis, J. Dusart, B. Devreese, F. Titgemeyer, J. Van Beeumen, and S. Rigali. 2004. Crp of Streptomyces coelicolor is the third transcription factor of the large CRP-FNR superfamily able to bind cAMP. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 325: 983-990.
Dominguez, H. and N. D. Lindley. 1996. Complete sucrose metabolism requires fructose phosphotransferase activity in Corynebacterium glutamicum to ensure phosphorylation of liberated fructose. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 3878-3880.
Dominguez, H., C. Rollin, A. Guyonvarch, J. L. Guerquin- Kern, M. Cocaign-Bousquet, and N. D. Lindley. 1998. Carbon-flux distribution in the central metabolic pathways of Corynebacterium glutamicum during growth on fructose. Eur. J. Biochem. 254: 96-102.
Eikmanns, B. 2004. Central metabolism: Tricarboxylic acid cycle and anaplerotic reactions. Handbook of Corynebacterium glutamicum (Eggeling L & Bott M, eds), pp. 241- 276. Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL.
Emer, D., A. Krug, B. J. Eikmanns, and M. Bott. 2009. Complex expression control of the Corynebacterium glutamicum aconitase gene: identification of RamA as a third transcriptional regulator besides AcnR and RipA. J. Biotechnol. 140: 92-98.
Engels, V., and V. F. Wendisch. 2007. The DeoR-type regulator SugR represses expression of ptsG in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Bacteriol. 189: 2955-2966.
Gaigalat, L., J. P. Schluter, M. Hartmann, S. Mormann, A. Tauch, A. Puhler, and J. Kalinowski. 2007. The DeoR-type transcriptional regulator SugR acts as a repressor for genes encoding the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) in Corynebacterium glutamicum. BMC Mol. Biol. 8: 104.
Gao, Y.G, H. Suzuki, H. Itou, Y. Zhou, Y. Tanaka, M. Wachi, N. Watanabe, I. Tanaka, and M. Yao. 2008. Structural and functional characterization of the LldR from Corynebacterium glutamicum: a transcriptional repressor involved in L-lactate and sugar utilization. Nucleic Acids Res. 36: 7110-7123.
Georgi, T., D. Rittmann, and V. F. Wendisch. 2005. Lysine and glutamate production by Corynebacterium glutamicum on glucose, fructose and sucrose: roles of malic enzyme and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Metab. Eng. 7: 291-301.
Gerstmeir, R., V. F. Wendisch, S. Schnicke, H. Ruan, M. Farwick, D. Reinscheid, and B. J. Eikmanns. 2003. Acetate metabolism and its regulation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Biotechnol. 104: 99-122.
Gerstmeir R, A. Cramer, P. Dangel, S. Schaffer, and B. J. Eikmanns. 2004. RamB, a novel transcriptional regulator of genes involved in acetate metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Bacteriol. 186: 2798-2809.
Gourdon, P., M. Raherimandimby, H. Dominguez, M. Cocaign-Bousquet, and N. D. Lindley. 2003. Osmotic stress, glucose transport capacity and consequences for glutamate overproduction in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Biotechnol. 104:77-85.
Han, S. O., M. Inui, and H. Yukawa. 2007. Expression of Corynebacterium glutamicum glycolytic genes varies with carbon source and growth phase. Microbiology. 153: 2190-2202.
Han, S. O., M. Inui and H. Yukawa. 2008. Effect of carbon source availability and growth phase on expression of Corynebacterium glutamicum genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glyoxylate bypass. Microbiology. 154: 3073-3083.
Hayashi, M., H. Mizoguchi, N. Shiraishi, M. Obayashi, S. Nakagawa, J. Imai, S. Watanabe, T. Ota, and M. Ikeda. 2002. Transcriptome analysis of acetate metabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum using a newly developed metabolic array. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 66: 1337-1344.
Hvorup, R., A. B. Chang, and M. H. Saier Jr. 2003. Bioinformatic analyses of the bacterial L-ascorbate phosphotransferase system permease family. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 6: 191-205.
Ikeda, M. 2003. Amino acid production processes. Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 79: 2-35.
Ikeda M., and S. Nakagawa. 2003. The Corynebacterium glutamicum genome: features and impacts on biotechnological processes. Appl. Micorbiol. Biotechnol. 62: 99-109.
Ikeda, M., J. Ohnishi, M. Hayashi, and S. Mitsuhashi. 2006. A genome-based approach to create a minimally mutated Corynebacterium glutamicum strain for efficient L-lysine production. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 33: 610-615.
Inui, M., H. Kawaguchi, S. Murakami, A. A. Vertes, and H. Yukawa. 2004. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for fuel ethanol production under oxygendeprivation conditions. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 8: 243-254.
Jojima, T., C. A. Omumasaba, M. Inui, and H. Yukawa. 2010. Sugar transporters in efficient utilization of mixed sugar substrates: current knowledge and outlook. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 85: 471-480.
Jolkver, E., D. Emer, S. Ballan, R. Kramer, B. J. Eikmanns, and K. Marin. 2009. Identification and characterization of a bacterial transport system for the uptake of pyruvate, propionate, and acetate in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Bacteriol. 191: 940-948.
Jungwirth B, D. Emer, I. Brune, N. Hansmeier, A. Puhler, B. J. Eikmanns, and A. Tauch. 2008. Triple transcriptional control of the resuscitation promoting factor 2 (rpf2) gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum by the regulators of acetate metabolism RamA and RamB and the cAMPdependent regulator GlxR. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 281: 190-197.
Kabus, A., T. Georgi, V. F. Wendisch, and M. Bott. 2007. Expression of the Escherichia coli pntAB genes encoding a membrane-bound transhydrogenase in Corynebacterium glutamicum improves L-lysine formation. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 75: 47-53.
Kalinowski, J., B. Bathe, D. Bartels, N. Bischoff, M. Bott, A. Burkovski, N. Dusch, L. Eggeling, B. J. Eikmanns, L. Gaigalat, A. Goesmann, M. Hartmann, K. Huthmacher, R. Kramer, B. Linke, A. C. McHardy, F. Meyer, B. Mockel, W. Pfefferle, A. Puhler, D. A. Rey, C. Ruckert, O. Rupp, H. Sahm, V. F. Wendisch, I. Wiegrabe, and A. Tauch. 2003. The complete Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 genome sequence and its impact on the production of Laspartate- derived amino acids and vitamins. J. Biotechnol. 104: 5-25.
Kawaguchi, H., A. A. Vertes, S. Okino, M. Inui, and H. Yukawa. 2006. Engineering of a xylose metabolic pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 3418-3428.
Kawaguchi, H., M. Sasaki, A. A. Vertes, M. Inui, and H. Yukawa. 2008. Engineering of an L-arabinose metabolic pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 77: 1053-1062.
Kawaguchi, H., M. Sasaki, A. A. Vertes, M. Inui, and H. Yukawa. 2009. Identification and functional analysis of the gene cluster for L-arabinose utilization in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 3419-3429.
Kim, H. J., T. H. Kim, Y. Kim, and H. S. Lee. 2004. Identification and characterization of glxR, a gene involved in regulation of glyoxylate bypass in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Bacteriol. 186:3453-3460.
Kinoshita, S., S. Udaka, and M. Shimono. 1957. Studies on the amino acid fermentation part.1. Production of L-glutamic acid by various microorganisms. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 3: 193-205.
Koffas, M. A., G. Y. Jung, and G. Stephanopoulos. 2003. Engineering metabolism and product formation in Corynebacterium glutamicum by coordinated gene overexpression. Metab. Eng. 5: 32-41.
Kohl, T. A., J. Baumbach, B. Jungwirth, A. Puhler, and A. Tauch. 2008. The GlxR regulon of the amino acid producer Corynebacterium glutamicum: in silico and in vitro detection of DNA binding sites of a global transcription regulator. J. Biotechnol. 135: 340-350.
Kohl, T. A. and A. Tauch. 2009. The GlxR regulon of the amino acid producer Corynebacterium glutamicum: Detection of the corynebacterial core regulon and integration into the transcriptional regulatory network model. J. Biotechnol. 143: 239-246.
Kotrba, P., M. Inui, and H. Yukawa. 2003. A single V317A or V317M substitution in Enzyme II of a newly identified $\beta-glucoside$ phosphotransferase and utilization system of Corynebacterium glutamicum R extends its specificity towards cellobiose. Microbiology. 149: 1569-80.
Kotrbova-Kozak, A., P. Kotrba, M. Inui, J. Sajdok, and H. Yukawa. 2007. Transcriptionally regulated adhA gene encodes alcohol dehydrogenase required for ethanol and npropanol utilization in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 76: 1347-1356.
Kramer, R. and C. Lambert. 1990. Uptake of glutamate in Corynebacterium glutamicum. 2. Evidence for a primary active transport system. Eur. J. Biochem. 194: 937-944.
Kronemeyer, W., N. Peekhaus, R. Kramer, H. Sahm, and L. Eggeling. 1995. Structure of the gluABCD cluster encoding the glutamate uptake system of Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Bacteriol. 177: 1152-1158.
Lee, J. K., M. H. Sung, K. H. Yoon, J. H. Yu, and T. K. Oh. 1994. Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the Corynebacterium glutamicum mannose enzyme II and analyses of the deduced protein sequence. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 119:137-145.
Letek, M., N. Valbuena, A. Ramos, E. Ordonez, J. A. Gil, and L. M. Mateos. 2006. Characterization and use of catabolite-repressed promoters from gluconate genes in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Bacteriol. 188: 409-423.
Linder, J. U. 2006. Class III adenylyl cyclases: molecular mechanisms of catalysis and regulation. Cell Mol. Life. Sci. 63: 1736-1751.
Lindner, S. N., H. Niederholtmeyer, K. Schmitz, S. M. Schoberth, and V. F. Wendisch. 2010. Polyphosphate/ATPdependent NAD kinase of Corynebacterium glutamicum: biochemical properties and impact of ppnK overexpression on lysine production. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 87: 583-593.
Marx, A., S. Hans, B. Mockel, B. Bathe, A. A. de Graaf, A. C. McCormack, C. Stapleton, K. Burke, M. O'Donohue, and L. K. Dunican. 2003. Metabolic phenotype of phosphoglucose isomerase mutants of Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Biotechnol. 104: 185-197.
Mitsuhashi, S., M. Hayashi, J. Ohnishi, and M. Ikeda. 2006. Disruption of malate:quinone oxidoreductase increases L-lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 70: 2803-2806.
Moon, M.W., H. J. Kim, T. K. Oh, C. S. Shin, J. S. Lee, S. J. Kim, and J. K. Lee. 2005. Analyses of enzyme II gene mutants for sugar transport and heterologous expression of fructokinase gene in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 244:259-266.
Moon, M. W, S. Y. Park, S. K. Choi and J. K. Lee. 2007. The phosphotransferase system of Corynebacterium glutamicum: features of sugar transport and carbon regulation. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12: 43-50.
Nentwich, S. S., K. Brinkrolf, L. Gaigalat, A. T. Huser, D. A. Rey, T. Mohrbach, K. Marin, A. Puhler, A. Tauch, and J. Kalinowski. 2009. Characterization of the LacI-type transcriptional repressor RbsR controlling ribose transport in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032. Microbiology. 155: 150-164.
Ohnishi J., S. Mitsuhashi, M. Hayashi, S. Ando, H. Yokoi, K. Ochiai, and M. Ikeda 2002. A novel methodology employing Corynebacterium glutamicum genome information to generate a new L-lysine-producing mutant. Appl. Micorbiol. Biotechnol. 58: 217-223.
Ohnishi, J., R. Katahira, S. Mitsuhashi, S. Kakita, and M. Ikeda. 2005. A novel gnd mutation leading to increased Llysine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 242: 265-274.
Okino, S., R. Noburyu, M. Suda, T. Jojima, M. Inui, and H. Yukawa. 2008. An efficient succinic acid prodiction process in a metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum strain. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 81: 459-464.
Parche, S., H. Nothaft, A. Kamionka, and F. Titgemeyer. 2000. Sugar uptake and utilisation in Streptomyces coelicolor: a PTS view to the genome. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 78: 243-251.
Park, S. Y., H. K Kim, S. K. Yoo, T. K. Oh, and J. K. Lee. 2000. Characterization of glk, a gene coding for glucose kinase of Corynebacterium glutamicum. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 188: 209-215.
Park, S. Y., M. W. Moon, B. D. Subhadra, and J. K. Lee 2010. Functional characterization of glxR deletion mutant of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032: involvement of GlxR in acetate metabolism and carbon catabolite repression. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 304: 107-115.
Rickman, L., C. Scott, D. M. Hunt, T. Hutchinson, M. C. Menendez, R. Whalan, J. Hinds, M. J. Colston, J. Green, and R. S. Buxton. 2005. A member of the cAMP receptor protein family of transcription regulators in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required for virulence in mice and controls transcription of the rpfA gene coding for a resuscitation promoting factor. Mol. Microbiol. 56: 1274-1286.
Rittmann, D., S. N. Lindner, and V. F. Wendisch. 2008. Engineering of a glycerol utilization pathway for amino acid production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 6216-6222.
Saier, M. H. Jr. 1989. Protein phosphorylation and allosteric control of inducer exclusion and catabolite repression by the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. Microbiol. Rev. 53: 109-120.
Saier, M. H. Jr. 1993. Regulatory interactions involving the proteins of the phosphotransferase system in enteric bacteria. J. Cell Biochem. 51: 62-68.
Sasaki, M., T. Jojima, H. Kawaguchi, M. Inui, and H. Yukawa. 2009. Engineering of pentose transport in Corynebacterium glutamicum to improve simultaneous utilization of mixed sugars. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 85: 105-115.
Schneider, J., K. Niermann, and V. F. Wendisch. 2010. Production of the amino acids L-glutamate, L-lysine, Lornithine and L-arginine from arabinose by recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Biotechnol. [Epub ahead of print]
Schroder, J., and A. Tauch. 2009. Transcriptional regulation of gene expression in Corynebacterium glutamicum: the role of global, master and local regulators in the modular and hierarchical gene regulatory network. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 34: 685-737.
Schultz, C., A. Niebisch, A. Schwaiger, U. Viets, S. Metzger, M. Bramkamp, and M. Bott. Genetic and biochemical analysis of the serine/threonine protein kinases PknA, PknB, PknG and PknL of Corynebacterium glutamicum: evidence for non-essentiality and for phosphorylation of OdhI and FtsZ by multiple kinases. Mol. Microbiol. 74: 724-741.
Seibold, G., M. Auchter, S. Berens, J. Kalinowski, and B. J. Eikmanns. 2006. Utilization of soluble starch by a recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum strain: growth and lysine production. J. Biotechnol. 124: 381-391.
Seibold, G. M., M. Wurst, and B. J. Eikmanns. 2009. Roles of maltodextrin and glycogen phosphorylases in maltose utilization and glycogen metabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microbiology. 155: 347-358.
Seibold, G. M., C. Hagmann, M. Schiezel, D. Emer, M. Auchter, J. Schreiner, and B. J. Eikmanns. 2010. The transcriptional regulators RamA and RamB are involved in the regulation of glycogen synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microbiology. 156: 1256-1263.
Shenoy, A. R., K. Sivakumar, A. Krupa, N. Srinivasan, and S. S. Visweswariah. 2004. A survey of nucleotide cyclases in actinobacteria: unique domain organization and expansion of the class III cyclase family in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Comp. Funct. Genomics. 5: 17-38.
Sindelar G, and V. F Wendisch. 2007. Improving lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum through DNA microarray-based identification of novel target genes. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol 76: 677-689.
Stansen, C., D. Uy, S. Delaunay, L. Eggeling, J. L. Goergen, and V. F. Wendisch. 2005. Characterization of a Corynebacterium glutamicum lactate utilization operon induced during temperature-triggered glutamate production. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 5920-5928.
Tanaka, Y., H. Teramoto, M. Inui, and H. Yukawa. 2009. Identification of a second $\beta-glucoside$ phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase system in Corynebacterium glutamicum R. Microbiology. 155: 3652-3660.
Tateno, T., H. Fukuda, and A. Kondo. 2007. Production of L-Lysine from starch by Corynebacterium glutamicum displaying alpha-amylase on its cell surface. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 74: 1213-1220.
Tateno, T., H. Fukuda, and A. Kondo. 2007. Direct production of L-lysine from raw corn starch by Corynebacterium glutamicum secreting Streptococcus bovis $\alpha-amylase$ using cspB promoter and signal sequence. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 77: 533-541.
Titgemeyer, F., J. Amon, S. Parche, M. Mahfoud, J. Bail, M. Schlicht, N. Rehm, D. Hillmann, J. Stephan, B. Walter, A. Burkovski, and M. Niederweis. 2007. A genomic view of sugar transport in Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Bacteriol. 189: 5903-5915.
Toyoda, K., H. Teramoto, M. Inui, and H. Yukawa. 2008. Expression of the gapA gene encoding glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase of Corynebacterium glutamicum is regulated by the global regulator SugR. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 81: 291-301.
Toyoda, K., H. Teramoto, M. Inui, and H. Yukawa. 2009. Molecular mechanism of SugR-mediated sugar-dependent expression of the ldhA gene encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 83: 315-327.
Toyoda, K., H. Teramoto, M. Inui, and H. Yukawa. 2009. Involvement of the LuxR-type transcriptional regulator RamA in regulation of expression of the gapA gene, encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Bacteriol. 191: 968-977.
van Ooyen, J., D. Emer, M. Bussmann, M. Bott, B. J. Eikmanns, and L. Eggeling. 2010. Citrate synthase in Corynebacterium glutamicum is encoded by two gltA transcripts which are controlled by RamA, RamB, and GlxR. J. Biotechnol. [Epub ahead of print]
Wendisch, V. F., A. A. de Graaf, H. Sahm, and B. J. Eikmanns. 2000. Quantitative determination of metabolic flux during coutilization of two carbon source: comparative analyses with Corynebacterium glutamicum during growth on acetate and/or glucose. J. Bacteriol. 182:3088-3096.
Wendisch, V. F., M. Bott, J. Kalinowski, M. Oldiges, and W. Wiechert. 2006. Emerging Corynebacterium glutamicum systems biology. J. Biotechnol. 124: 74-92.
*원문 PDF 파일 및 링크정보가 존재하지 않을 경우 KISTI DDS 시스템에서 제공하는 원문복사서비스를 사용할 수 있습니다.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.