최근, NCW에 적합한 C4I 체계의 전투력 상승효과 평가의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 기존의연구는 체계 자체에 중점을 두었으며, 인적 요소를 중요한 요소로 고려하지 않았다. 따라서, C4I 체계의 전투력 상승효과 평가 시 기술 및 인적 요소를 고려하여 평가하는 것이 필요한 시점이라고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 E-TechMan(A Combat Effectiveness EvaluationAlgorithm Considering Technical and Human Factors in C4I System)이라 불리는 전투력 상승효과 평가 알고리즘을 제안한다. E-TechMan 알고리즘은 합동화력체계(Joint Fire Operating System-Korea)에 적용되어 전투력 상승효과를 평가해보았다. 또한, 기존의 연구방법인 C2 이론 및 고전 역학에 의한 결과와 비교를 하였다. 본 연구는 인적요소에 의한 영향을 반영함으로써 기존의 연구보다 현실적인 전투력 상승효과 결과를 제시했다는데 가치가 있다.
최근, NCW에 적합한 C4I 체계의 전투력 상승효과 평가의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 기존의연구는 체계 자체에 중점을 두었으며, 인적 요소를 중요한 요소로 고려하지 않았다. 따라서, C4I 체계의 전투력 상승효과 평가 시 기술 및 인적 요소를 고려하여 평가하는 것이 필요한 시점이라고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 E-TechMan(A Combat Effectiveness Evaluation Algorithm Considering Technical and Human Factors in C4I System)이라 불리는 전투력 상승효과 평가 알고리즘을 제안한다. E-TechMan 알고리즘은 합동화력체계(Joint Fire Operating System-Korea)에 적용되어 전투력 상승효과를 평가해보았다. 또한, 기존의 연구방법인 C2 이론 및 고전 역학에 의한 결과와 비교를 하였다. 본 연구는 인적요소에 의한 영향을 반영함으로써 기존의 연구보다 현실적인 전투력 상승효과 결과를 제시했다는데 가치가 있다.
Recently, the battlefield environment has changed from platform-centric warfare(PCW) which focuses on maneuvering forces into network-centric warfare(NCW) which is based on the connectivity of each asset through the warfare information system as information technology increases. In particular, C4I(C...
Recently, the battlefield environment has changed from platform-centric warfare(PCW) which focuses on maneuvering forces into network-centric warfare(NCW) which is based on the connectivity of each asset through the warfare information system as information technology increases. In particular, C4I(Command, Control, Communication, Computer and Intelligence) system can be an important factor in achieving NCW. It is generally used to provide direction across distributed forces and status feedback from thoseforces. It can provide the important information, more quickly and in the correct format to the friendly units. And it can achieve the information superiority through SA(Situational Awareness). Most of the advanced countries have been developed and already applied these systems in military operations. Therefore, ROK forces also have been developing C4I systems such as KJCCS(Korea Joint Command Control System). And, ours are increasing the budgets in the establishment of warfare information systems. However, it is difficult to evaluate the C4I effectiveness properly by deficiency of methods. We need to develop a new combat effectiveness evaluation method that is suitable for NCW. Existing evaluation methods lay disproportionate emphasis on technical factors with leaving something to be desired in human factors. Therefore, it is necessary to consider technical and human factors to evaluate combat effectiveness. In this study, we proposed a new Combat Effectiveness evaluation algorithm called E-TechMan(A Combat Effectiveness Evaluation Algorithm Considering Technical and Human Factors in C4I System). This algorithm uses the rule of Newton's second law($F=(m{\Delta}{\upsilon})/{\Delta}t{\Rightarrow}\frac{V{\upsilon}I}{T}{\times}C$). Five factors considered in combat effectiveness evaluation are network power(M), movement velocity(v), information accuracy(I), command and control time(T) and collaboration level(C). Previous researches did not consider the value of the node and arc in evaluating the network power after the C4I system has been established. In addition, collaboration level which could be a major factor in combat effectiveness was not considered. E-TechMan algorithm is applied to JFOS-K(Joint Fire Operating System-Korea) system that can connect KJCCS of Korea armed forces with JADOCS(Joint Automated Deep Operations Coordination System) of U.S. armed forces and achieve sensor to shooter system in real time in JCS(Joint Chiefs of Staff) level. We compared the result of evaluation of Combat Effectiveness by E-TechMan with those by other algorithms(e.g., C2 Theory, Newton's second Law). We can evaluate combat effectiveness more effectively and substantially by E-TechMan algorithm. This study is meaningful because we improved the description level of reality in calculation of combat effectiveness in C4I system. Part 2 will describe the changes of war paradigm and the previous combat effectiveness evaluation methods such as C2 theory while Part 3 will explain E-TechMan algorithm specifically. Part 4 will present the application to JFOS-K and analyze the result with other algorithms. Part 5 is the conclusions provided in the final part.
Recently, the battlefield environment has changed from platform-centric warfare(PCW) which focuses on maneuvering forces into network-centric warfare(NCW) which is based on the connectivity of each asset through the warfare information system as information technology increases. In particular, C4I(Command, Control, Communication, Computer and Intelligence) system can be an important factor in achieving NCW. It is generally used to provide direction across distributed forces and status feedback from thoseforces. It can provide the important information, more quickly and in the correct format to the friendly units. And it can achieve the information superiority through SA(Situational Awareness). Most of the advanced countries have been developed and already applied these systems in military operations. Therefore, ROK forces also have been developing C4I systems such as KJCCS(Korea Joint Command Control System). And, ours are increasing the budgets in the establishment of warfare information systems. However, it is difficult to evaluate the C4I effectiveness properly by deficiency of methods. We need to develop a new combat effectiveness evaluation method that is suitable for NCW. Existing evaluation methods lay disproportionate emphasis on technical factors with leaving something to be desired in human factors. Therefore, it is necessary to consider technical and human factors to evaluate combat effectiveness. In this study, we proposed a new Combat Effectiveness evaluation algorithm called E-TechMan(A Combat Effectiveness Evaluation Algorithm Considering Technical and Human Factors in C4I System). This algorithm uses the rule of Newton's second law($F=(m{\Delta}{\upsilon})/{\Delta}t{\Rightarrow}\frac{V{\upsilon}I}{T}{\times}C$). Five factors considered in combat effectiveness evaluation are network power(M), movement velocity(v), information accuracy(I), command and control time(T) and collaboration level(C). Previous researches did not consider the value of the node and arc in evaluating the network power after the C4I system has been established. In addition, collaboration level which could be a major factor in combat effectiveness was not considered. E-TechMan algorithm is applied to JFOS-K(Joint Fire Operating System-Korea) system that can connect KJCCS of Korea armed forces with JADOCS(Joint Automated Deep Operations Coordination System) of U.S. armed forces and achieve sensor to shooter system in real time in JCS(Joint Chiefs of Staff) level. We compared the result of evaluation of Combat Effectiveness by E-TechMan with those by other algorithms(e.g., C2 Theory, Newton's second Law). We can evaluate combat effectiveness more effectively and substantially by E-TechMan algorithm. This study is meaningful because we improved the description level of reality in calculation of combat effectiveness in C4I system. Part 2 will describe the changes of war paradigm and the previous combat effectiveness evaluation methods such as C2 theory while Part 3 will explain E-TechMan algorithm specifically. Part 4 will present the application to JFOS-K and analyze the result with other algorithms. Part 5 is the conclusions provided in the final part.
따라서 보다 정확하고 실질적인 전투력 상승효과를 평가하기 위해서는 기술적 측면과 인적 차원에서 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 기술적 측면은 정보 수집센서 자산, 타격 자산, 네트워크 기반 체계 구축 여부, 네트워크에 연결된 전력 요소들의 수, 정보 정확성/공유 능력 등 하드웨어적인 측면을 의미한다. 인적 차원은 체계 운용 시 최대의 효과를 보장하기 위해 조직의 특성, 개인의 특성, 협업을 위한 구성원들의 의지와 능력 정도, 구성원 간의 신뢰 수준, 팀 구성원 수, 주어진 임무수행과 직접적 상관이 있는 이해의 정도, 전문성 등 인적 요소에 대한 측면을 의미한다.
NCW에는 어떤 영역이 존재하는가?
하지만 단위 플랫폼의 물리적 특성을 평가하고, 개별 플랫폼들의 평가 결과를 합하여 전체를 평가하는 방법은 네트워크로 연결된 유기적인 조직의 특성을 반영하기에는 한계가 있다. <그림 1>은 정보화 시대의 전쟁 수행에 있어 존재하는 각 영역을 나타내는 것으로 그 핵심에는 NCW가 위치해 있으며, NCW에는 물리 영역(Physical Domain), 정보영역(Information Domain), 인지 영역(Cognitive Domain) 및 소셜 영역(Social Domain)의 4개 영역이 존재한다. 첫째, 물리 영역(Physical Domain)은 군사력의 시간적, 공간적 이동에 관한 영역, 물리적 플랫폼과 통신 네트워크들이 존재하는 영역이다.
NCW의 네 가지 영역은 각각 어떤 영역인지 설명하시오.
<그림 1>은 정보화 시대의 전쟁 수행에 있어 존재하는 각 영역을 나타내는 것으로 그 핵심에는 NCW가 위치해 있으며, NCW에는 물리 영역(Physical Domain), 정보영역(Information Domain), 인지 영역(Cognitive Domain) 및 소셜 영역(Social Domain)의 4개 영역이 존재한다. 첫째, 물리 영역(Physical Domain)은 군사력의 시간적, 공간적 이동에 관한 영역, 물리적 플랫폼과 통신 네트워크들이 존재하는 영역이다. 둘째, 정보 영역(Information Domain)은 정보의 창출과 활용, 전파에 관한 영역, 전투원간의 의사소통을 용이하게 하는 영역인 동시에 지휘관의 의도가 전달되는 통제의 영역이다. 셋째, 인지영역(Cognitive Domain)은 전투원들의 심리와 관련된 영역, 지각ㆍ인식ㆍ이해력ㆍ신념 그리고 가치들이 있는 영역이며 감각 생성의 결과로 만들어지는 영역이다. 마지막으로 소셜 영역(Social Domain)은 전력 요소들이 상호작용하고 정보교환하며 인식과 이해를 형성하고 협력적 결심을 만드는 영역, 정보, 인지 영역과 중첩되지만 구별되는 영역을 나타낸다(Ablerts, David S, Garstka, John J., Stein, Frederick P.
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