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가설 설정
- 1) The WLO model is based on DEA and many items can share the same optimal inventory score. Since ABC classification is carried out based on the optimal inventory scores of items, such ties among items can make it difficult to precisely classify items.
제안 방법
- A cross-tabulate matrix methodology was proposed by Flores and Whybark (1986, 1987) for bi-criteria inventory classification. Essentially their approach is to use the standard (single-criterion) ABC classification with each of two criteria, and then combine the two single-criterion groupings through the use of a joint-criteria matrix. Though this approach is a step forward in multi-criteria ABC classification, it has two limitations: it becomes too complicated when the number of criteria exceeds two, and it is applicable only when the weights on different criteria can be assumed to be equal.
- In this section, we describe our proposed model, which can deal with the aforementioned limitations of the WLO model for multi-criteria ABC inventory classification problems. The proposed model incorporates cross-efficiency evaluations into the WLO model to provide a finer classification (or ranking) of inventory items. As a result, the proposed model performs in a peer-evaluation mode while the WLO model works in a self-evaluation mode.
- [Figure 1] depicts the required steps of the proposed model. First, we calculate the optimal efficiency score of each inventory item by solving the WLO model with only the primary goal of maximizing its score. Second, the cross-efficiency scores of each item are calculated by incorporating the secondary goal.
- As observed in this example, the proposed model provides a more reasonable and accurate scheme for classifying inventory items since it eliminates the possibility of items choosing unrealistic factor weights and thus yields a unique ordering of items for effective inventory classification.
- In this paper, we have proposed a DEA-based model for multi-criteria ABC inventory classification problems which incorporates cross-evaluations into the WLO model developed by Ramanathan (2006). The proposed model enables a finer classification of inventory items and resolves the deficiencies of the WLO model.
- In particular, its inability to provide a finer classification of items of higher importance becomes a significant problem considering the fact that the identification of class A items is critical to the success of ABC analysis. In this regard, the proposed model improves upon the WLO model and can be used as a simple and an effective scheme for inventory classification.
- The proposed model provides a more reasonable and accurate ordering scheme in classifying the inventory items than the WLO model does since it yields a unique ordering of the inventory items and eliminates unrealistic factor weights. However, despite its several advantages, the proposed model also has the limitation of a long computational time, especially in the case of numerous inventory items since each inventory item has to be compared to all the remaining items.
이론/모형
- For the past 20 years, various methods for multi-criteria ABC inventory classification have been developed. A cross-tabulate matrix methodology was proposed by Flores and Whybark (1986, 1987) for bi-criteria inventory classification. Essentially their approach is to use the standard (single-criterion) ABC classification with each of two criteria, and then combine the two single-criterion groupings through the use of a joint-criteria matrix.
- Over the last few years, numerous subsequent developments have been made and its use has proliferated (Doyle and Green, 1994). The proposed model uses the pairwise efficiency game formulation of cross-efficiency evaluation, suggested by Talluri (2000), where inventory items are pairwisely compared an inventory item under evaluation selects optimal weights that maximize its inventory score and at the same time minimize the inventory score of each competitor, in turn. Therefore, the optimal weights of an inventory item under evaluation may vary depending on the competing item being evaluated.
- As a result, the proposed model performs in a peer-evaluation mode while the WLO model works in a self-evaluation mode. Specifically, the proposed model uses the pair-wise efficiency game formulation of cross-efficiency suggested by Talluri (2000). In the model, a pair of inventory items is compared with each time.
- In this paper, we have proposed a DEA-based model for multi-criteria ABC inventory classification problems which incorporates cross-evaluations into the WLO model developed by Ramanathan (2006). The proposed model enables a finer classification of inventory items and resolves the deficiencies of the WLO model.
성능/효과
- Comparing the classification results between the WLO model and the proposed model, inventory item 1 is ranked as 1 by the WLO model with the highest annual dollar usage and a relatively low average unit cost and lead time. However, it is ranked as 17 in the proposed model since the proposed model takes into consideration not only the highest annual dollar usage but also its lower average unit cost and lead time when determining the item’s importance level.
후속연구
- However, despite its several advantages, the proposed model also has the limitation of a long computational time, especially in the case of numerous inventory items since each inventory item has to be compared to all the remaining items. Further research will be needed to develop a new model to reduce the computational time in cross-evaluations.
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