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상수원에서의 잔류 의약물질 검출, 거동, 분포 현황 및 독성
Occurrence of Residual Pharmaceuticals and Fate, Residue and Toxic Effect in Drinking Water Resources 원문보기

대한환경공학회지 = Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, v.33 no.6, 2011년, pp.453 - 479  

손희종 (부산광역시 상수도사업본부 수질연구소) ,  장성호 (부산대학교 지역환경시스템공학과)

초록
AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

오늘날 전세계적으로 수환경에서의 잔류 의약물질들의 오염에 대한 연구결과들이 많이 보고되고 있다. 이들 잔류 의약물질들은 다양한 종류와 그들이 가지는 물리 화학적인 특성들로 인해 수환경에서의 거동, 오염현황, 영향 및 독성 등도 매우 다양하여 수환경 및 수처리 공정에서의 거동을 예측 평가하기가 어렵다. 선진 외국의 경우 환경 중에서의 오염 현황 및 사용량을 정량화하기 위한 조사를 이미 시작하였고, 잔류 의약물질들의 인체에 대한 잠재적 위험성뿐만 아니라 상수나 하수처리 공정에서의 제거기술에 관한 다양한 연구도 활발히 진행하고 있다. 그러나 국내의 경우 잔류 의약물질들에 대해 전국 주요하천과 상수원에 대한 모니터링 결과도 매우 부족한 실정이다. 우선 국내의 경우는 상수원으로 이용되는 전국 주요 하천과 호소에 대해 주기적이고 체계적인 오염현황 평가가 선행되어야 하며, 잔류 의약물질들이 비교적 고농도로 검출되는 상수원에 대해서는 주오염원에 대한 조사도 병행되어야 한다. 또한, 의약물질 사용량은 지속적으로 증가할 것으로 전망되기 때문에 하수처리 시설에 대한 부하도 지속적으로 증가할 것이다. 따라서 수환경에서의 유해도를 저감시키기 위해 효과적인 하수처리 공법의 도입이 절실하며, 상수에 대한 안전성 확보를 위해서도 잔류 의약물질들의 수환경중에서의 물리 화학적 거동에 대한 면밀한 연구가 요구된다.

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

Residual pharmaceutical compounds have been recognized as emerging environmental pollutants and are widely distributed all over the world. These compounds cause bioaccumulation and biomagnification during present for a long time in the environment: thereby after adversely biota and human bodies. It ...

주제어

AI 본문요약
AI-Helper 아이콘 AI-Helper

* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.

문제 정의

  • 따라서 본 연구에서는 미량으로 생태계 및 인간에게 유해한 영향을 미치며, 환경 독성이 높아 기초 환경시설에서의 공학적인 제어가 요구되는 잔류 의약물질들에 대해 현재까지 국내·외에서 보고된 연구내용을 중심으로 잔류 의약물질들의 수생태계로의 유입 경로, 종류, 거동, 오염현황, 영향 및 독성 등을 총체적으로 기술하여 향후 연구방향 및 연구내용을 제시하고자 한다.
본문요약 정보가 도움이 되었나요?

질의응답

핵심어 질문 논문에서 추출한 답변
의약물질이 사용되는 목적은 무엇입니까? 최근에는 환경중의 잔류 의약물질들로 인한 환경 오염과 환경 독성에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 의약물질들은 인간의 질병 치료 및 예방 목적으로 사용되거나 동물들의 질병 치료, 예방, 성장촉진 및 면역력 증강 등의 다양한 목적으로 동물 사료와 치료제에 혼합되어 널리 사용되어오고 있다.1) 환경 중에 잔류하는 의약물질들은 의약물질 생산공정 및 저정과정에서의 유출, 가정과 병원을 비롯한 도시하수, 축산폐수 등과 같은 다양한 경로를 통하여 우리들의 상수원인 강이나 호소로 유입되어 수중에 잔류하며,2~7) 장시간 동안 생물학적 활성을 가지면서 수중에 존재하기 때문에 수중 생태계에 지속적으로 위해를 가하는 것으로 알려져 있다.
항생제는 어떠한 물질군으로 세분화 됩니까? 항생제의 경우는 β-lactam계, cycline계, lincosamide계, macrolide계, sulfonamide계, quinolone계, pyrimidine계 등 매우 다양한 물질군으로 세분화되며, 물질의 종류도 매우 다양하다. 또한, 다른 의약물질들에 비해서 사람이나 동물에 대해 높은 농도로 처방되기 때문에 환경으로 많은 양의 항생제들이 유입될 가능성이 매우 높다.
수환경으로 유입된 대부분의 잔류 의약물질들은 직접 또는 간접적으로 태양광에 의해 광분해되는데 , 각각 구체적으로 어떤 방식인가? 수환경으로 유입된 대부분의 잔류 의약물질들은 직접 또는 간접적으로 태양광에 의해 광분해된다.52,53,55) 직접적인 광분해 형태는 수중의 잔류 의약물질들이 태양광을 흡수하여 변형을 유발하는 경우이고, 간접적인 광분해의 경우는 수중에 존재하는 질산염(nitrate) 및 휴믹산(humic acid)들과 같은 감광제(photosensitize)들이 태양광과 반응하여 생성되는 OH 라디칼과 같은 산화제에 의해 분해되는 경우이다.52,53,55~58) 광분해의 경우는 태양광의 강도, 수역의 부영양화 정도와 유기물질 조성, 수심, 수역의 위도(latitude) 및 계절 등과 같은 요소에 많은 영향을 받는다.
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