한국 전통 도자기의 화학 조성에 대한 연구 (III): 분청에 대한 고려자기와 조선백자와의 비교 A Study of the Chemical Composition of Korean Traditional Ceramics (III): Comparison of Punch'$\\breve{o}$ng with Kory$\\breve{o}$ Ware and Chos$\\breve{o}$n Whiteware원문보기
분청사기는 조선초기에 고려상감청자의 무늬가 간소화 된 상태로 시작되었다. 그 후 200여 년 동안에 다양하고 활달한 문양의 민속공예로 발달하였고, 점점 백자를 닮아가는 방향으로 변해가다가, 임진왜란이후에 생산이 중단되었다. 이 논문에서는 분청의 태토와 유약에 대한 화학조성을 분석하고, 여러 도요지들의 결과들을 서로 비교하였다. 또한 다른 논문들에서 중국의 경우와 비교 관찰된 고려청자와 조선백자들에 대한 결과들과 비교 하였다. 생산도요지와 고고학적인 특성에 의하여 28 그룹으로 나누었으며, 각 각의 그룹에서 셋에서 다섯편의 도편을 분석하고, 그들의 평균값을 비교자료로 사용하였다. 분청태토는 한국청자와 백자와 같이 중국 남쪽의 월주요, 경덕진요에서 사용된 운모-석영계의 도석으로 만들어졌다. 유약은 점토질의 원료에 나무재, 태운 석회석과 곱게 빻은 석회가루를 다양한 비율로 혼합되었다. 분청유약의 특성은 조선백자보다는 고려청자와 고려백자에 더 가깝다. 다만 티타늄산화물의 함량은 조선백자와 같이 낮은데, 그 이유는 글래이즈 스톤으로 알려진 도석계의 점토가 분청유약을 제조 하는데 혼합 되었기 때문으로 추정된다. 이 연구의 체계적인 비교방법과 물질적 특성에 대한 내용들은 현재 빠른 속도로 발굴되고 있는 도요지들에 대해서 적용될 수 있을 것이다.
분청사기는 조선초기에 고려상감청자의 무늬가 간소화 된 상태로 시작되었다. 그 후 200여 년 동안에 다양하고 활달한 문양의 민속공예로 발달하였고, 점점 백자를 닮아가는 방향으로 변해가다가, 임진왜란이후에 생산이 중단되었다. 이 논문에서는 분청의 태토와 유약에 대한 화학조성을 분석하고, 여러 도요지들의 결과들을 서로 비교하였다. 또한 다른 논문들에서 중국의 경우와 비교 관찰된 고려청자와 조선백자들에 대한 결과들과 비교 하였다. 생산도요지와 고고학적인 특성에 의하여 28 그룹으로 나누었으며, 각 각의 그룹에서 셋에서 다섯편의 도편을 분석하고, 그들의 평균값을 비교자료로 사용하였다. 분청태토는 한국청자와 백자와 같이 중국 남쪽의 월주요, 경덕진요에서 사용된 운모-석영계의 도석으로 만들어졌다. 유약은 점토질의 원료에 나무재, 태운 석회석과 곱게 빻은 석회가루를 다양한 비율로 혼합되었다. 분청유약의 특성은 조선백자보다는 고려청자와 고려백자에 더 가깝다. 다만 티타늄산화물의 함량은 조선백자와 같이 낮은데, 그 이유는 글래이즈 스톤으로 알려진 도석계의 점토가 분청유약을 제조 하는데 혼합 되었기 때문으로 추정된다. 이 연구의 체계적인 비교방법과 물질적 특성에 대한 내용들은 현재 빠른 속도로 발굴되고 있는 도요지들에 대해서 적용될 수 있을 것이다.
At the beginning of the Chos$\breve{o}$n dynasty, punch'$\breve{o}$ng began as a simplified form of inlaid celadon, and in the two following centuries it developed into a popular folk craft in various styles and expressive decorations; overtime, it was increasingly made to rese...
At the beginning of the Chos$\breve{o}$n dynasty, punch'$\breve{o}$ng began as a simplified form of inlaid celadon, and in the two following centuries it developed into a popular folk craft in various styles and expressive decorations; overtime, it was increasingly made to resemble whiteware, and its production stopped after the Japanese invasion of Korea. In the present study, the body and glaze compositions of punch'$\breve{o}$ng were examined and compared with those of celadon and whiteware, whose compositions have previously been compared with those of Chinese ceramics. Here, the analyzed shards were organized into 28 groups based on their production sites and archaeological characteristics. For each group, the body and glaze compositions of several shards(usually three to five) were obtained, averaged, and compared with those of the other groups. These comparisons showed that the majority of the punch'$\breve{o}$ng bodies were formed, like those of celadon and whiteware, with mica-quartz porcelain stone, which was commonly used in Yuezhou, Jingdezhen, and other southern Chinese kilns. The glazes consisted of clay materials and flux components made from various proportions of wood ash, burnt limestone (glaze ash) and crushed limestone. Overall, the punch'$\breve{o}$ng glazes resembled the Kory$\breve{o}$ celadon and Kory$\breve{o}$ whiteware glazes more closely than the Chos$\breve{o}$n white wareglazes. However, the $TiO_2$ levels found in the tested punch'$\breve{o}$ng were low, similar to those of Chos$\breve{o}$n whiteware; this indicated that glaze stone was used as the clay component of the punch'$\breve{o}$ng glazes, as was the case for Chos$\breve{o}$n whiteware. This study of the material characteristics of punch'$\breve{o}$ng may be used as a comparative framework for analyzing ceramic shards discovered at current and future excavations within Korea.
At the beginning of the Chos$\breve{o}$n dynasty, punch'$\breve{o}$ng began as a simplified form of inlaid celadon, and in the two following centuries it developed into a popular folk craft in various styles and expressive decorations; overtime, it was increasingly made to resemble whiteware, and its production stopped after the Japanese invasion of Korea. In the present study, the body and glaze compositions of punch'$\breve{o}$ng were examined and compared with those of celadon and whiteware, whose compositions have previously been compared with those of Chinese ceramics. Here, the analyzed shards were organized into 28 groups based on their production sites and archaeological characteristics. For each group, the body and glaze compositions of several shards(usually three to five) were obtained, averaged, and compared with those of the other groups. These comparisons showed that the majority of the punch'$\breve{o}$ng bodies were formed, like those of celadon and whiteware, with mica-quartz porcelain stone, which was commonly used in Yuezhou, Jingdezhen, and other southern Chinese kilns. The glazes consisted of clay materials and flux components made from various proportions of wood ash, burnt limestone (glaze ash) and crushed limestone. Overall, the punch'$\breve{o}$ng glazes resembled the Kory$\breve{o}$ celadon and Kory$\breve{o}$ whiteware glazes more closely than the Chos$\breve{o}$n white wareglazes. However, the $TiO_2$ levels found in the tested punch'$\breve{o}$ng were low, similar to those of Chos$\breve{o}$n whiteware; this indicated that glaze stone was used as the clay component of the punch'$\breve{o}$ng glazes, as was the case for Chos$\breve{o}$n whiteware. This study of the material characteristics of punch'$\breve{o}$ng may be used as a comparative framework for analyzing ceramic shards discovered at current and future excavations within Korea.
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제안 방법
Both the body and glaze compositions were analyzed using an Electron Probe Microanalyzer (Jeol Superprobe JXA-8600SX) equipped with SEM and EDS (Oxford PentafetATW Detector).
The analytic conditions were set to 40 kV and 30 mA. For analysis of the glaze composition, shards were embedded in epoxy resin, polished, and subjected to cross-sectional measurements. Both the body and glaze compositions were analyzed using an Electron Probe Microanalyzer (Jeol Superprobe JXA-8600SX) equipped with SEM and EDS (Oxford PentafetATW Detector).
대상 데이터
High-lime and lime glazes were used for Koryŏ and punch’ŏng wares.
centuries represents an unusual point in the history of Korean ceramics. The bodies of these wares were made with a kaolinitic clay material similar to that used in Chinese kilns north of the Nan Shan Qinling dividing line (e.g., Dingyao and Yaozhou). This material, which was high in aluminum (around 30 wt.
성능/효과
One of the most striking finding of this study was that punch’ŏng glazes contained much less TiO2 than celadon glazes (see below for details), whereas their bodies contained similar amounts of TiO2.
후속연구
An analysis of 369 shards separated into 80 groups cannot represent the porcelain-producing technology and culture that flourished for more than 1000 years throughout Korea. Continued efforts in careful shard selection from these and future excavations, detailed studies on their archaeological and visual features, accurate compositional analysis, and systematic compilation and analysis of the data should eventually lead to a comprehensive understanding of traditional Korean ceramics.
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