This study surveyed dietary intake and adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines in Korean adolescents. To elucidate basic data for use in nutrition education, which aims to improve adolescent compliance with the national dietary guidelines and to increase the intake of dietary fiber, we e...
This study surveyed dietary intake and adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines in Korean adolescents. To elucidate basic data for use in nutrition education, which aims to improve adolescent compliance with the national dietary guidelines and to increase the intake of dietary fiber, we evaluated the sources of fiber in adolescent diets. This study included 182 male and 212 female students from 2 middle schools in the Jeonju province. From November 15~20, 2011, we surveyed the students for general characteristics, adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines, and dietary intake. Dietary fiber intake was $16.57{\pm}6.95$ g/day for male students and $16.14{\pm}7.11$ g/day for female students. The food groups that contributed most to dietary fiber intake were (in descending order) cereals, vegetables, seasoning, and fruits. The fiber-containing food items consumed most were cabbagekimchi, cooked rice, instant noodles, and cabbage. Based on adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines, the vegetable-based intake of dietary fiber in groups 1 (score 15~45), 2 (score 46~52), and 3 (score 53~75) were $4.41{\pm}2.595$ g/day, $4.12{\pm}2.692$ g/day, and $5.49{\pm}3.157$ g/day, respectively (p 0.001). In addition, the total intake of dietary fiber varied significantly among the three groups (p 0.001) as follows: Group 1, $14.99{\pm}6.374$ g/day; Group 2, $15.32{\pm}6.772$ g/day; and Group 3, $18.79{\pm}7.361$ g/day. In this study, we discovered that adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines correlates with improved intake of dietary fiber. Therefore, marketing and educational development is needed to promote adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines. In addition, nutritional education is needed to improve dietary fiber consumption through the intake of vegetables and fruits other than kimchi.
This study surveyed dietary intake and adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines in Korean adolescents. To elucidate basic data for use in nutrition education, which aims to improve adolescent compliance with the national dietary guidelines and to increase the intake of dietary fiber, we evaluated the sources of fiber in adolescent diets. This study included 182 male and 212 female students from 2 middle schools in the Jeonju province. From November 15~20, 2011, we surveyed the students for general characteristics, adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines, and dietary intake. Dietary fiber intake was $16.57{\pm}6.95$ g/day for male students and $16.14{\pm}7.11$ g/day for female students. The food groups that contributed most to dietary fiber intake were (in descending order) cereals, vegetables, seasoning, and fruits. The fiber-containing food items consumed most were cabbagekimchi, cooked rice, instant noodles, and cabbage. Based on adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines, the vegetable-based intake of dietary fiber in groups 1 (score 15~45), 2 (score 46~52), and 3 (score 53~75) were $4.41{\pm}2.595$ g/day, $4.12{\pm}2.692$ g/day, and $5.49{\pm}3.157$ g/day, respectively (p 0.001). In addition, the total intake of dietary fiber varied significantly among the three groups (p 0.001) as follows: Group 1, $14.99{\pm}6.374$ g/day; Group 2, $15.32{\pm}6.772$ g/day; and Group 3, $18.79{\pm}7.361$ g/day. In this study, we discovered that adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines correlates with improved intake of dietary fiber. Therefore, marketing and educational development is needed to promote adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines. In addition, nutritional education is needed to improve dietary fiber consumption through the intake of vegetables and fruits other than kimchi.
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문제 정의
Therefore, we surveyed Korean youths for dietary intake and adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines and also evaluated the food sources for dietary fiber. This information will help elucidate basic data for use in the creation of a nutrition education program that will improve adolescent compliance with the Korean national dietary guidelines and increase dietary fiber intake among Korean adolescents.
However, the increase of dietary fiber intake due to increased cabbage-kimchi consumption also increased sodium intake, which indicates that nutrition education is needed to promote adequate food selection, and that overall, Korean national dietary guidelines are needed. An important finding of this study is that the relatively low adherence to the practice of consuming fewer salty and fatty foods should be strengthened in education and other areas to increase awareness of food and lifestyle choices in adolescents.
This study was conducted on youths from a single region of Korea; therefore, the results do not reflect adolescent dietary habits throughout the country. However, the study highlighted issues related to the primary food sources of dietary fiber intake, and made suggestions for improvement. The result that food group with high sodium consumption, e.
제안 방법
The surveyor explained to each participant how to record food intake in terms of time, place, type, and amount. Next, the subjects were shown food models and asked to use them to compare and clarify their intake types and amounts. Finally, the surveyor asked participants questions for final clarification on the intake types and amounts further.
The fiber intake for each food group is shown in Table 6. Study subjects were categorized into three groups, (Group 1, 15 45 points; Group 2, 46 52 points; and Group 3, 53 75 points), according to adherence to the national dietary guidelines. A significant difference in dietary fiber intake through the consumption of vegetables was observed.
To our knowledge, the adherence to the national dietary guidelines by adolescents has not been conducted. In this study, we investigated adolescent adherence to these guidelines by assessing their diets and surveying dietary fiber intake. We also tried to determine the food group sources of and overall dietary fiber intake in adolescents compared to guideline recommendations.
대상 데이터
This study was conducted on 528 students (257 male and 269 female) from two middle schools in the Jeonju province from November 15 ~ 20, 2011. Respondents were excluded for insincere responses to survey questions related to ordinary matters, food/life guidance, and related topics.
Respondents were excluded for insincere responses to survey questions related to ordinary matters, food/life guidance, and related topics. A total of 394 students (182 male and 212 female;75% of the original respondent pool) were included in the final survey analysis.
데이터처리
For intergroup comparisons, the post-hoc, Tukey’s test analysis was performed.
In addition, subjects were classified into three groups based on adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines: Group 1, 15 45 points; Group 2, 46 52 points; and Group 3, 53 75 points. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare dietary fiber intake among groups. For intergroup comparisons, the post-hoc, Tukey’s test analysis was performed.
이론/모형
The main consumed food sources of dietary fiber were evaluated using a 24-h recall method. Cabbage-kimchi contributed the most fiber (12.
성능/효과
Based on the evaluation of responses using the 5-point Likert-type scale, the overall adherence was 3.23±0.607 points.
The carbohydrates : protein : fat ratio of total intake for both sexes was 60:15:25 (percentages). Based on the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) values for important minerals and vitamins, the intake status in male and female students were 44.3% and 45.5% for calcium, 81.3% and 67.1% for iron, and 67.1% and 89.2% for vitamin B2. Adequate intake (AI) values for fiber in male and female students were 66.
In this study, dietary fiber obtained from processed foods comprised approximately 10% of the total intake among Korean adolescents; popcorn ranked 12th among the top foods contributing to dietary fiber intake; bread and udon ranked 21st and 25th, respectively. The threeyear results of the fourth national nutrition survey revealed that adolescents 12 ~ 18 years of age consume more bread, cereals, confectionaries, meats, eggs, hamburgers, pizzas, and fried foods than any other age group.
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