Weon, Jin Bae
(Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science)
,
Yun, Bo-Ra
(Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science)
,
Lee, Jiwoo
(Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science)
,
Eom, Min Rye
(Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science)
,
Ko, Hyun-Jeong
(Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University)
,
Kim, Ji Seon
(Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science)
,
Lee, Hyeon Yong
(Department of Teaics, Seowon University)
,
Park, Dong-Sik
(Functional food & Nutrition Division, Department of Agrofood Resources)
,
Chung, Hee-Chul
(Newtree CO., LTD.)
,
Chung, Jae Youn
(Newtree CO., LTD.)
,
Ma, Choong Je
(Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science)
Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulaceae) traditionally have been used as a tonic and to treat patients with lung abscesses. Recently, it was proposed that the extract and some compounds isolated from C. lanceolata reversed scopolamine-induced memory and learning deficits. The purpose of this study was ...
Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulaceae) traditionally have been used as a tonic and to treat patients with lung abscesses. Recently, it was proposed that the extract and some compounds isolated from C. lanceolata reversed scopolamine-induced memory and learning deficits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the improvement of cognitive enhancing effect of C. lanceolata by steam and fermentation process in scopolamine-induced memory impairment mice models by passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test. The extract of C. lanceolata or the extract of steamed and fermented C. lanceolata (SFCE) was orally administered to male mice at the doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight. As a result, mice treated with steamed and fermented C. lanceolata extract (SFCE) (300 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) showed shorter escape latencies than those with C. lanceolata extract or the scopolamine-administered group in Morris water maze test. Also, it exerted longer step-through latency time than scopolamine treated group in passive avoidance test. Furthermore, neuroprotective effect of SFCE on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity was assessed in HT22 cells. Only SFCE-treated cells showed significant protection at 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. Interestingly, steamed C. lanceolata with fermentation contained more phenolic acid including gallic acid and vanillic acid than original C. lanceolata. Collectively, these results suggest that steam and fermentation process of C. lanceolata increased cognitive enhancing activity related to the memory processes and neuroprotective effect than original C. lanceolata.
Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulaceae) traditionally have been used as a tonic and to treat patients with lung abscesses. Recently, it was proposed that the extract and some compounds isolated from C. lanceolata reversed scopolamine-induced memory and learning deficits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the improvement of cognitive enhancing effect of C. lanceolata by steam and fermentation process in scopolamine-induced memory impairment mice models by passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test. The extract of C. lanceolata or the extract of steamed and fermented C. lanceolata (SFCE) was orally administered to male mice at the doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight. As a result, mice treated with steamed and fermented C. lanceolata extract (SFCE) (300 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) showed shorter escape latencies than those with C. lanceolata extract or the scopolamine-administered group in Morris water maze test. Also, it exerted longer step-through latency time than scopolamine treated group in passive avoidance test. Furthermore, neuroprotective effect of SFCE on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity was assessed in HT22 cells. Only SFCE-treated cells showed significant protection at 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. Interestingly, steamed C. lanceolata with fermentation contained more phenolic acid including gallic acid and vanillic acid than original C. lanceolata. Collectively, these results suggest that steam and fermentation process of C. lanceolata increased cognitive enhancing activity related to the memory processes and neuroprotective effect than original C. lanceolata.
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문제 정의
Thus, the aim of our study was to examine whether the steam and fermentation process could increase the neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing activity of C. lanceolata. In the present study, we found that the cognitive active of steamed and fermented C.
가설 설정
, 1999). We hypothesized that SFCE ameliorates cognitive impairment through the AchE inhibition and neuroprotective effect via accumulation of ROS inhibition. To demonstrate these hypotheses, further study is being done on the mechanism of activity of SFCE.
제안 방법
C. lanceolata was steamed using a steam device (Dechang stainless, Seoul, Korea) at 3 consecutive step, 50, 60 and 90℃ for 2 hours, respectively and steamed additionally at 100℃.
In this study, we evaluated the effect of SFCE on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test.
The escape latency was recorded as 120 s. Probe trial was performed for a time period of 60 s without platform on the last day, to investigate the time spent in the target quadrant. The time spent in the correct quadrant was recorded as a measure of spatial memory.
The contents of seven phenolic compounds, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, 4-coumaric acid, trans-feulic acid, caffecine in SFCE were analyzed using HPLC system (Aglient 1260 series, Aglient technologies., California, USA) equipped with diode array UV/VIS detector. The analysis of compounds was conducted on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 (5 μm, 4.
The mice housed 7 per cage, in a room under a 12/12 h light-dark cycle and controlled temperature (20 ± 3℃) with free access commercial pellet feed and water ad libitum and were used after 1 week adaptation period.
In fi rst day, mice were given 60s to swim in the absence of the platform the day prior to test. The mice received two trial sessions per day for 4 consecutive days, with inter-trial interval of 20 min. Location of the platform were unchanged between trials 1 and trials 2 during test period but the starting point was changed on each day.
대상 데이터
Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The mouse hippocampal HT22 cells were provided by Seoul National University, Korea. HT22 cells were seed at a density of 6.
데이터처리
001 compared with scopolamine group. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. (B) The typical swimming routes of each group in Morris water maze test.
001 compared with scopolamine group. Results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA.
The probe test data of the water maze test, the latency of the passive avoidance test and data of MTT assay were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The escape latencies of water maze test were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Statistical signifi cance was set at a value of p<0.
Each data value of Morris water maze, passive avoidance test and MTT assay were expressed as the means ± SD. The probe test data of the water maze test, the latency of the passive avoidance test and data of MTT assay were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The escape latencies of water maze test were analyzed by two-way ANOVA.
이론/모형
The mice housed 7 per cage, in a room under a 12/12 h light-dark cycle and controlled temperature (20 ± 3℃) with free access commercial pellet feed and water ad libitum and were used after 1 week adaptation period. All procedures in this study of the animal experiments procedures were conducted according to the guidelines of the Kangwon National University IACUC (KIACUC).
Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The mouse hippocampal HT22 cells were provided by Seoul National University, Korea.
The water maze test was performed by the Morris methods with some modifi cations to access the spatial learning and memory in mice. The water maze consisted of circle pool (diameter: 90 cm, height: 40 cm) fi lled with water and maintained at 20 ± 1℃.
성능/효과
In conclusion, SFCE attenuates cognitive impairments in mice injected with scopolamine-induced dementia mouse model and protects neuronal cell. Cognitive enhancing and neuroprotective effect of SFCE were associated with the increase of total phenolic compounds, anti-oxidantive activity and AchE inhibitory activity of gallic acid and vanilic acid.
SFCE and C. lanceolata signifi cantly increased the latency compared to the scopolamine-treated group and SFCE was more effective than the C. lanceolata as the mean latency time of SFCE (300 mg/kg) was 84.0 ± 5.3 s, while C. lanceolata (300 mg/kg) was 45.5 ± 3.4 s.
후속연구
Collectively, these data suggest that SFCE could be useful in the therapy of AD. However, further study will be required to identify the exact mechanism of SFCE.
We hypothesized that SFCE ameliorates cognitive impairment through the AchE inhibition and neuroprotective effect via accumulation of ROS inhibition. To demonstrate these hypotheses, further study is being done on the mechanism of activity of SFCE.
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