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NTIS 바로가기兒童學會誌 = Korean journal of child studies, v.34 no.2, 2013년, pp.101 - 119
김민정 (이화여자대학교 아동학과) , 도현심 (이화여자대학교 아동학과) , 신나나 (이화여자대학교 아동학과) , 최미경 (덕성여자대학교 아동가족학과)
This study examined the relationship among preschoolers' temperament, parenting sense of competence, and mothers' parenting behavior. It also examined the mediating effects of parenting sense of competence on the relationship between preschoolers' temperament and mothers' parenting behavior. A total...
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핵심어 | 질문 | 논문에서 추출한 답변 |
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Belsky의 가족과정모델 발표 이후 양육 행동이 무엇에 영향을 받는다고 말했는가? | 양육행동을 예측하는 선행 변인들에 대한 연구는 Belsky(1984)의 가족과정모델(Family Process Model)이 발표된 이후 좀 더 활발히 수행되어 왔는데, 그는 부모의 양육행동이 아동의 특성이나 부모가 지내온 과거의 발달사, 인성, 및 현재의 상황에 의해 영향을 받는다고 하였다. 또 다른 연구들도 환경적인 요인 이외에 아동의 특성이나 어머니의 심리적 특성 및 인지적 요인이 양육행동에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다고 보고하였다(Barber, 1998; Lerner & Galambos, 1985; Powell, 2005). | |
유아의 기질과 어머니의 양육행동 연구에서 나타난 비일관적인 경향에는 어떤 것이 있는가? | 그러나 지금까지 발표된 유아의 기질과 어머니의 양육행동 간의 관계에 대한 연구결과를 좀 더 구체적으로 살펴보면, 그 결과는 다소 비일관적인 경향이 있다. 아동의 유전적이고 타고난 기질적 특성은 긍정적 혹은 부정적 양육행동을 유발할 수 있는데(Belsky, 1984; Shin, 2011), 대체로 아동의 긍정적인 정서성은 반응적 양육행동과 관계가 있었고(Oh, 2006), 적극적이고 자기규제를 잘하는 기질적 특성은 어머니의 온정적이고 반응적인 양육행동과 관련이 있었다(Sanson, Hemphill, & Smart, 2004). 반면, 부정적 정서성과 활동성과 같은 까다로운 기질은 통제적, 거부적 또는 무반응적인 양육행동과 관련이 있는 것으로 보고되었으며(Lim, 1994; Hemphill & Sanson, 2000), 불안이나 두려움이 많은 기질적 특성은 과보호나 통제적 양육행동과 정적인 관련성이 있었다(Aunola & Nurmi, 2005; Olsen, Yang, Hart, Robinson, Wu, & Nelson, 2002; Rubin, Hastings, Stewart, Henderson, & Chen, 1997). 또한, 유아의 기질 중 주의 집중성은 어머니의 합리적 지도나 애정과 관련성이 있었고, 활동성은 어머니의 양육행동 중에서 지시/통제 및 거부/적대와 관련이 있었다(Lim & Park, 2001). 이상과 같이 아동의 기질과 부모의 양육행동 간의 관계를 살펴본 연구들은 대부분 순한 기질을 가진 아동일수록 긍정적으로 양육되기 쉬우며, 까다로운 기질을 가진 아동일수록 어머니가 양육에 대한 좌절감을 느끼게 하여, 부정적인 양육을 이끌 수 있음을 보고하였다. 이와 달리, 일부 연구들에 의하면, 요구가 많고 까다로운 기질의 유아는 오히려 부모의 양육행동을 보다 기술적으로 발달시켜 부모로 하여금 더욱 반응적이고 민감한 긍정적인 양육행동을 수행하게 하였다. 예를 들어, 어머니들은 까다로운 영아의 울음에 대해서 더 반응적이고 보호적인 행동을 나타내었으며(Yoo & Park, 1992), 짜증을 많이 내는 까다로운 유아에게 더 많은 관심을 보이고 관여하였다(Crockenberg, 1986). 이 외에 아동의 기질과 양육행동 간에 직접적인 관련이 없다는 연구들도 보고되고 있다(Plomin & Daniel, 1984). 이처럼 비일관적인 연구결과들은 기질과 양육행동 간의 관계가 유아의 또다른 특성이나 부모 관련 요인에 의해 매개 또는 중재될 수도 있음을 가정하게 한다. | |
부모의 양육행동은 어떤 행동인가? | 부모는 아동이 최초로 관계를 맺는 대상이자 환경으로 아동의 인성과 행동에 지속적인 영향을 미치는 존재이다. 부모의 양육행동은 자녀를 양육하는 과정에서 나타나는 일반적이고도 보편적인 행동으로 생후 초기의 부모역할은 아동의 건강한 성장 및 발달을 유도하는 중요한 요인이다(Doh, Shin, Kim, Park, & Na, 2012; Rohner, Hahn, & Rohner, 1980; Wood, McLeod, Sigman, Hwang, & Chu, 2003). 특히, 부모의 온정이나 애정과 같은 양육행동은 아동의 사회적 능력(Chun, 1992), 자아존중감(Menon, Tobin, Corby, Menon, Hodges, & Perry, 2007; Park, Choi, & Park, 2000), 자아탄력성(Chung, Kim, & Ha, 2012) 및 학업성취도(Bronstein, Ginsberg, & Herrera, 2005; Kim, 2002) 등 긍정적 발달결과와 관련되고, 거부 및 통제와 같은 특성은 아동의 공격적 행동(Kim & Doh, 2001)이나 우울 및 불안(Lee & Hyun, 2008)과 같은 부정적 발달결과와 관련되는 것으로 잘 알려져 있다. |
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