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제안 방법
- 1 (Ronquist and Huelsenbeck, 2003) with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analyses of 500,000 generations for nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA), and trees were sampled every 500 generations. Convergence of the MCMC was assessed by calculating the effective sample size (ESS) of the combined runs. All estimated parameters showed>1,000 significant of ESS.
- 0b10 (Swofford, 2003) was used for parsimony analyses, which were conducted following widely used protocols for bootstrapping (Felsenstein, 1985). For the heuristic analyses, tree searches were performed with 1000 random sequence additions and tree bisection-reconnection (TBR) branch swapping. The consistency index (CI), retention index (RI) and rescaled consistency index (RC) were obtained by PAUP*.
- , there is still a need to record species with accuracy owing to the differing opinions among researchers regarding species and variety, and difficulty in identifying species caused by high variation within Korean taxonomic groups. In the present paper, the main objectives were to phylogenetic relationships among Korean Elaeagnus, to assess the amount of congruence between the inferred relationships and the existing classification. We used internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear DNA because they have been phylogenetically useful in most groups of flowering plants at generic and infrageneric levels (Baldwin, 1992; Yoo and Park, 2012).
- Phylogenetic inference and elucidation of the evolutionary processes that generate biological diversity have been accomplished even at lower taxonomic levels using ITS of the nrDNA. In this study, a molecular phylogenetic study of Korean Elaeagnus L. based on nrDNA ITS sequences was conducted and classification systems and relationships between taxonomic groups were analyzed. Our results indicate that both MP and BI tree showed the polyphyly of Elaeagnus species (Fig.
- We used internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear DNA because they have been phylogenetically useful in most groups of flowering plants at generic and infrageneric levels (Baldwin, 1992; Yoo and Park, 2012). The main objectives of this study include (1) construction of the phylogenetic relationship of Korean Elaeagnus based on ITS sequences; (2) testing the hypothesis of the hybrid origin in E. submacrophylla and E. maritima. This information should contribute to developing a reasonable classification system and to a better understanding of the evolution of Elaeagnus L.
대상 데이터
- All materials were collected from natural populations or specimens in the herbarium of Sung Kyun Kwan University (SKK; Korea) and the herbarium of the University of Texas (TEX; USA). Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated sister clades from Hippophae and Shepherdia (Sun et al.
- Total genomic DNA was extracted using the method described by Loockerman and Jansen (1996). For this study, the internal transcribed spacers form the nuclear ribosomal DAN (ITS) (White et al., 1990) was used. Genomic DNA samples were quantified using a UV-vis spectrophotometer (Geldoc-it™ imaging system, Upland, California, USA).
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