The efficiency of gamma irradiation (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 kGy) as a sterilization method of corn samples (30 g) artificially contaminated with Fusarium moniliforme stored at normal condition ($25^{\circ}C$ with approximate relative humidity (RH) of 55%) and optimal condition (...
The efficiency of gamma irradiation (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 kGy) as a sterilization method of corn samples (30 g) artificially contaminated with Fusarium moniliforme stored at normal condition ($25^{\circ}C$ with approximate relative humidity (RH) of 55%) and optimal condition ($25^{\circ}C$ with a controlled RH of 97%) was studied. The results showed that the fungal growth and the amount of fumonisin were decreased as the dose of gamma irradiation increased. Gamma irradiation at 1-5 kGy treatment significantly inhibited the growth of F. moniliforme by 1-2 log reduction on corn samples (P < 0.05). Sublethal effect of gamma irradiation was observed at 10-20 kGy doses after storage, and a complete inactivation required 30 kGy. Fungal growth and fumonisin production increased with higher humidity and longer storage time in all corn samples. This study also demonstrated that there was no strict correlation between fungal growth and fumonisin production. Storage at normal condition significantly resulted in lower growth and fumonisin production of F. moniliforme as compared with those stored at optimal condition (P < 0.05). Gamma irradiation with the dose of ${\geq}5$ kGy followed by storage at normal condition successfully prolonged the shelf life of irradiated corns, intended for human and animal consumptions, up to 7 weeks.
The efficiency of gamma irradiation (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 kGy) as a sterilization method of corn samples (30 g) artificially contaminated with Fusarium moniliforme stored at normal condition ($25^{\circ}C$ with approximate relative humidity (RH) of 55%) and optimal condition ($25^{\circ}C$ with a controlled RH of 97%) was studied. The results showed that the fungal growth and the amount of fumonisin were decreased as the dose of gamma irradiation increased. Gamma irradiation at 1-5 kGy treatment significantly inhibited the growth of F. moniliforme by 1-2 log reduction on corn samples (P < 0.05). Sublethal effect of gamma irradiation was observed at 10-20 kGy doses after storage, and a complete inactivation required 30 kGy. Fungal growth and fumonisin production increased with higher humidity and longer storage time in all corn samples. This study also demonstrated that there was no strict correlation between fungal growth and fumonisin production. Storage at normal condition significantly resulted in lower growth and fumonisin production of F. moniliforme as compared with those stored at optimal condition (P < 0.05). Gamma irradiation with the dose of ${\geq}5$ kGy followed by storage at normal condition successfully prolonged the shelf life of irradiated corns, intended for human and animal consumptions, up to 7 weeks.
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제안 방법
Samples were evaluated at zero time of storage and at 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks for the fungal growth (log CFU/g) and levels of fumonisin B 1 and fumonisin B 2 (µg/g).
So far, less studies have been reported on the presence of fungi and mycotoxin in corn grains treated by higher doses of gamma radiation after storage for longer periods. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of various doses of gamma irradiation up to 30 kGy on the inhibition of growth and production of fumonisins B 1 and B 2 of F. moniliforme inoculated on corn grains. Nevertheless, it was also essential to obtain a better understanding of the relationships between growth and fumonisin production as influenced by their optimal moisture and temperature during storage in order to prolong the shelf life of irradiated corn intended for human and animal consumptions.
Inoculated samples (30 g) in triplicates were sealed in sterile petri dishes. Samples were irradiated at different doses of 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 kGy at room temperature in a 60Co gamma irradiator (Greenpia Technology Inc., Yeoju, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea). After each treatment, samples were kept in plastic containers.
대상 데이터
The corn (Zea mays L.) grain samples used for this experiment were obtained from the National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Republic of Korea. Corn samples (500 g) were used in triplicates and individually packaged in plastic bags, and then wrapped in paper bags and sealed.
The strain of Fusarium moniliforme NRRL 13569 used in all experiments was obtained from Department of Biotechnology, Korea University. The inoculum was prepared by using a sterile inoculation loop to scrape off sporulating mycelia from the surfaces of potato dextrose agar (PDA, Oxoid) with the addition of a 10% lactic acid solution (pH 2.
데이터처리
Tukey’s multiple range tests were used to determine the significant difference at P < 0.05.
Samples were analyzed in triplicates and the results were presented as means ± standard deviations. All data were subjected to one-way ANOVA in SPSS v.13.0 (Statistical Package for the ocial Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA). Tukey’s multiple range tests were used to determine the significant difference at P < 0.
성능/효과
Moreover, the populations of F. moniliforme on corn samples irradiated with the doses of 1-10 kGy followed by storage at optimal condition were significantly higher compared with untreated samples stored at normal condition after 7 weeks (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in 20 kGy treatment stored at optimal storage condition compared with control at normal storage condition (P > 0.05).
However, after 1 week of storage, the population of F. moniliforme was increased up to 5.48 ± 0.18 log CFU/g in 10 kGy, 1.70 ± 0.11 log CFU/g in 20 kGy at normal condition and 6.90 ± 0.10 log CFU/g in 10 kGy and 1.85 ± 0.15 log CFU/g in 20 kGy at optimal condition.
Among the irradiated samples, the levels of fumonisins B 1 and B 2 on corn samples at 5 kGy treatment stored for 7 weeks at optimal condition were roughly 14 times and 5 times higher than those stored at normal condition (p < 0.05), respectively.
In this study, the results showed that the population of F. moniliforme in treated corn samples decreased significantly with increasing doses of gamma irradiation as compared with control (p < 0.05).
05). The results also showed that fumonisin production had no strict correlation with the growth of F. moniliforme. Although a higher cell number of F.
0–100 µg/g, respectively, whereas the maximum levels of fumonisin by EU are 1 µg/g for corn-based foods, and 4 µg/g for unprocessed corn grains [9]. The fumonisin levels on irradiated corn samples stored at normal condition in this study were lower than the levels allowed by the FDA and EU for foods and animal feeds, and fumonisin production in gamma-irradiated corn samples stored at optimal condition increased more rapidly and reached the unsafe levels of fumonisin for foods and animal feeds after 1 week and 7 weeks of culture period, respectively. Corn grains were gamma irradiated with doses up to 5–30 kGy followed by storage at normal condition; thus, they do not require testing for the presence of fumonisin and growth of F.
In conclusion, the fungal growth and the amount of fumonisin were decreased as the dose of gamma irradiation increased. Gamma irradiation with the dose of 1-5 kGy effectively inhibited the growth of F.
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