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초등학교 6학년 아동이 지각하는 일상적 스트레스가 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향에서 낙관적 사고의 중재효과
The Moderating Effect of Optimistic Thinking on the Relationship between Sixth-Grade Elementary School Children's Daily Hassles and Subjective Well-Being 원문보기

兒童學會誌 = Korean journal of child studies, v.35 no.3, 2014년, pp.137 - 156  

노지운 (이화여자대학교 대학원 아동학과) ,  신나나 (이화여자대학교 대학원 아동학과)

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

The current study examined the relations between sixth-grade elementary school children's perceptions of daily hassles, optimistic thinking, and subjective well-being. This study also investigated the moderating effect of optimistic thinking on the relationship between daily hassles and subjective w...

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문제 정의

  • 최근에는 많은 초등학교에서 낙관적 사고를 증진시키는 것을 목적으로 하는 프로그램들이 개발되어 그 효과가 입증되고 있는데(Chun, 2008; Lee 2007; Park, 2009; Yoon, 2002), 이를 통해 낙관적 사고가 아동에게 필요한 인지적 사고이며 이를 증진시키기 위한 기초연구로서 낙관적 사고에 대한 연구가 더 활성화 될 필요가 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 청소년기로의 진입을 앞둔 초등학교 6학년 아동을 대상으로 일상적 스트레스와 낙관적 사고 및 주관적 안녕감 간의 관계를 살펴보고, 일상적 스트레스가 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향을 낙관적 사고가 중재하는지 살펴보고자 한다.
  • 본 연구는 초등학교 6학년 아동을 대상으로 일상적 스트레스와 낙관적 사고 및 주관적 안녕감 간의 관계를 살펴보고, 아동의 일상적 스트레스가 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향에서 낙관적 사고의 중재효과를 탐색하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 요약하고 논의하면 다음과 같다.
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핵심어 질문 논문에서 추출한 답변
주관적 안녕감이란? 주관적 안녕감이라는 용어는 행복을 평가하는 데 있어 중요하게 고려되었던 수입이나 건강 등과 같은 객관적인 요인이 실제 경험하는 행복감과의 관련성이 낮은 것으로 보고되면서(Campbell, 1956) 부각되기 시작한 용어이다. 주관적 안녕감이란 개인이 자신의 삶의 질적 수준을 긍정적으로 판단하는 것(Veenhoven, 1991)이며, Szalai(1980)는 개인이 일상생활에서 정서적으로 느끼는 행복감, 만족감을 주관적 안녕감이라고 정의 내렸다. 주관적 안녕감에 관한 연구는 대부분이 성인이나 청소년을 대상으로 하였지만 최근 여러 연구들에서 주관적 안녕감이 아동의 신체적, 정서적, 인지적, 사회적 영역 등의 여러 발달측면과 밀접한 관련이 있다는 점이 보고되면서 아동기 주관적 안녕감의 중요성이 강조되고 있다(Csikszentmihalyi, Rathunde, & Whalen, 1993; Frisch, 2000; Harker & Keltner, 2001; Holder & Coleman, 2008; Huebner, 1991; Kim, 2008; Park & Peterson, 2006; Yoo & Bang, 2011).
긍정심리학의 특징은? 최근 긍정 심리학(positive psychology)에 대한 관심이 대두되면서 개인의 행복하고 건강한 삶과 같은 긍정적인 측면의 중요성이 재조명되고 있다. 긍정심리학에서는 인간의 삶을 더욱 풍요롭게 하는 경험 중 하나가 긍정적인 주관적 상태 또는 행복, 사랑, 친밀감, 만족감과 같은 긍정적 정서를 경험하는 것이라 설명한다(Seligman & Chikszentmihalyi, 2000). Seligman 과 Chikszentmihalyi(2000)는 인간 행동의 부정적 측면들을 개선시키고자 하는 노력에서 벗어나 인간 행동의 긍정적 측면들을 연구하고 촉진 시키는 것의 중요성을 강조하였다.
국내 아동 및 청소년들의 행복감과 안녕감은 어떠한가? 하지만 국내 아동 및 청소년들의 행복감과 안녕감은 여전히 매우 낮은 것으로 조사되고 있다. 한국방정환재단과 연세대학교 사회발전 연구소(2013)에서 전국 초등학교 고학년부터 고등학생 약 5000명을 대상으로 행복지수를 조사한 결과, 국내 아동 및 청소년의 행복지수는 경제협력개발기구(OECD) 국가 중 최하위로 나타난 반면, 사교육비는 1위인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 4명 가운데 1명은 행복하지 않다고 대답 하였는데, 그 이유로는 1위가 학업 부담(36.
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