Synthetic compounds that are used in the clinic to regulate skin hyperpigmentation, such as arbutin, hydroquinone, and kojic acid, are only moderately effective. But, their use is limited by side effects. As part of an effort to overcome the limitations, we developed resveratrol-enriched rice (RR) u...
Synthetic compounds that are used in the clinic to regulate skin hyperpigmentation, such as arbutin, hydroquinone, and kojic acid, are only moderately effective. But, their use is limited by side effects. As part of an effort to overcome the limitations, we developed resveratrol-enriched rice (RR) using genetic engineering technique. Each of resveratrol and rice has been reported to produce anti-melanogenic effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that RR would show more anti-melanogenic effects than those of resveratrol or rice alone. Anti-melanogenic effect of RR was done by using melan-a mouse melanocytes. The depigmenting efficacy was then observed following topical application of the RR to UVB-stimulated hyperpigmented dorsal skin of guinea pigs. Treatment with RR extract resulted a $21.4{\pm}0.7%$ decrease in tyrosinase expression at melan-a cells. Colorimetric analysis showed a significantly lower depigmenting value by day 9 following treatment with RR in UVB-irradiated guinea pigs the dorsal skin (p<0.01), indicating that RR produced a depigmentation effect. By staining with Fontana-Masson stain, we found that the RR-treated group had more effect histopathologically in epidermal melanin production than resveratrol or rice alone-treated group. RR was associated with reduction in the levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and downregulation of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein (TRP-2) expression, leading to inhibit epidermal melanin production by western blot analysis. This study suggests that the resveratrol-enriched rice may be a promising candidate in regulating skin pigmentation with UVB exposure.
Synthetic compounds that are used in the clinic to regulate skin hyperpigmentation, such as arbutin, hydroquinone, and kojic acid, are only moderately effective. But, their use is limited by side effects. As part of an effort to overcome the limitations, we developed resveratrol-enriched rice (RR) using genetic engineering technique. Each of resveratrol and rice has been reported to produce anti-melanogenic effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that RR would show more anti-melanogenic effects than those of resveratrol or rice alone. Anti-melanogenic effect of RR was done by using melan-a mouse melanocytes. The depigmenting efficacy was then observed following topical application of the RR to UVB-stimulated hyperpigmented dorsal skin of guinea pigs. Treatment with RR extract resulted a $21.4{\pm}0.7%$ decrease in tyrosinase expression at melan-a cells. Colorimetric analysis showed a significantly lower depigmenting value by day 9 following treatment with RR in UVB-irradiated guinea pigs the dorsal skin (p<0.01), indicating that RR produced a depigmentation effect. By staining with Fontana-Masson stain, we found that the RR-treated group had more effect histopathologically in epidermal melanin production than resveratrol or rice alone-treated group. RR was associated with reduction in the levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and downregulation of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein (TRP-2) expression, leading to inhibit epidermal melanin production by western blot analysis. This study suggests that the resveratrol-enriched rice may be a promising candidate in regulating skin pigmentation with UVB exposure.
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문제 정의
, 2012b). Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine whether the RR is more effective on anti-melanogenesis than resveratrol alone as a skin whitening agent. To evaluate the depigmentation effect of RR, we used UVB-induced epidermal hyperpigmentation model in guinea pig, and focused on evaluating for the regulation of levels of melanogenic-relating enzymes by treatment of RR.
가설 설정
, 2011). We hypothesized that RR might possess biological activities similar to those of resveratrol or more active than that of resveratrol. Baek et al.
제안 방법
The guinea pigs were exposed to 390 mJ/cm2 UVB radiation 3 times per week for 2 weeks. After UVB irradiation, each material (1% resveratrol with UVB, 1% arbutin with UVB, 1% rice extract with UVB, and 1% RR extract with UVB) was applied for 9 days. We daily measured change of skin color using a Dermalab® Combo system.
We applied 4 different sample solutions (1% resveratrol, 1% rice, 1% RR, or 1% arbutin) to separate skin areas for 9 days and measured dorsal skin color using the Dermalab® Combo system (Cortex Technology ApS, Hudsund, Denmark).
대상 데이터
All experiments were carried out in triplicate. The data are expressed as means ± standard deviation (SD).
The bulbs were positioned 15 cm above the guinea pigs. Irradiation (0.1 mW/cm2) was measured with an IL1700 Research Radiometer (International Light, Inc., Newburyport, MA, USA) equipped with a UVB sensor. After hair removal, the dorsal skin of the guinea pigs was exposed to 390 mJ/cm2 UVB radiation 3 times per week for 2 weeks.
Resveratrol was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, Missouri, USA). Rice (Oryza sativa var.
데이터처리
One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’ multiple comparisons test was used for statiscal analyses.
Significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test.
Statistical comparisons between different groups were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’ multiple comparisons test.
성능/효과
The expression of these enzymes was measured in the dorsal skin tissue after treatment with resveratrol, rice, RR, or arbutin. Epidermal protein levels of tyrosinase, MITF, TPR1, and TRP-2 were significantly increased to 150.6%, 134.5%, 116.1%, and 270.1% of control levels, respectively, as a result of exposure to UVB irradiation. However, with the exception of TRP-1, protein expression was decreased by treatment with resveratrol, rice, RR, and arbutin.
Although synthetic chemicals such as arbutin, hydroquinone, and kojic acid have strong whitening effects, long term treatment with these compounds can produce negative side effects (Tse, 2010). In conclusion, resveratrol-enriched rice may be a novel, safe and effective natural source for skin whitening agent.
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