[논문]Numerical Analysis on Biogenic Emission Sources Contributing to Urban Ozone Concentration in Osaka, Japan

Nishimura, Hiroshi; Shimadera, Hikari; Kondo, Akira; Akiyama, Kazuyo; Inoue, Yoshio

doi:10.5572/ajae.2015.9.4.259

Numerical Analysis on Biogenic Emission Sources Contributing to Urban Ozone Concentration in Osaka, Japan 원문보기

Asian journal of atmospheric environment, v.9 no.4, 2015년, pp.259 - 271

Nishimura, Hiroshi (Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University) , Shimadera, Hikari (Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University) , Kondo, Akira (Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University) , Akiyama, Kazuyo (Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University) , Inoue, Yoshio (Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This study conducted analyses on biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) emission sources contributing to urban ozone ($O_3$) concentration in Osaka Prefecture, Japan in summer 2010 by using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) version 3.5.1 and the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ) version 5.0.1. This prefecture is characterized by highly urbanized area with small forest area. The contributions of source regions surrounding Osaka were estimated by comparing the baseline case and zero-out cases for BVOC emissions from each source region. The zero-out emission runs showed that the BVOC emissions substantially contributed to urban $O_3$ concentration in Osaka (10.3 ppb: 15.9% of mean daily maximum 1-h $O_3$ concentration) with day-by-day variations of contributing source regions, which were qualitatively explained by backward trajectory analyses. Although $O_3$ concentrations were especially high on 23 July and 2 August 2010, the contribution of BVOC on 23 July (35.4 ppb: 25.6% of daily maximum $O_3$) was much larger than that on 2 August (20.9 ppb: 14.2% of daily maximum $O_3$). To investigate this difference, additional zero-out cases for anthropogenic VOC (AVOC) emissions from Osaka and for VOC emissions on the target days were performed. On 23 July, the urban $O_3$ concentration in Osaka was dominantly increased by the transport from the northwestern region outside Osaka with large contribution of $O_3$ that was produced through BVOC reactions by the day before and was retained over the nocturnal boundary layer. On 2 August, the concentration was dominantly increased by the local photochemical production inside Osaka under weak wind condition with the particularly large contribution of AVOC emitted from Osaka on the day.

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문제 정의

Therefore, BVOC emitted in the surrounding areas may substantially affect O₃ concentration in Osaka. This study conducted analyses on BVOC emission sources contributing to urban O₃ concentration in Osaka by air quality simulations.

제안 방법

The contribution of emissions from a source region to O₃ concentration was defined as the difference of O₃ concentration in the baseline case and a zero-out case for the region. In addition, a zero-out case for BVOC emissions in the entire D3 was conducted in order to estimate uncertainty associated with nonlinearity in atmospheric reactions. This study conducted much more detailed analyses than Bao et al.
In order to further investigate the difference of the results on 23 July and 2 August, additional zero-out cases for AVOC emissions from Osaka and for VOC emissions from the 10 source regions on the target days were performed. These analyses revealed that the urban O₃ concentration in Osaka on 23 July was dominantly increased by the transport from the northwestern region outside Osaka with large contribution of O₃ produced through BVOC reactions by the day before, which was retained over the nocturnal boundary layer and transported to the ground-level through vertical mixing in the daytime.
(2014). The WRF simulation was conducted with on-line one-way nesting in the three domains using the mesoscale model grid point value (MSM-GPV) data by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the final analysis (FNL) data by the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Nishimura et al.

대상 데이터

Emission data for the CMAQ simulations include NO_x, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, ammonia, nonmethane VOC (NMVOC) and particulate matter emissions from anthropogenic, biogenic, biomass burning and volcanic sources. The details are described in the previous study (Nishimura et al.
5 shows hourly time series of observed and simulated wind speed and direction at Osaka meteorological observatory, and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and O₃ concentrations (the baseline case) at the Kokusetsu Osaka air pollution monitoring station from 6 July to 9 August 2010. The Osaka meteorological observatory is located at about 2 km west of the Kokusetsu Osaka station. Under clear sky conditions in summer in Osaka, wind speed exhibits a clear diurnal cycle with a peak in the daytime because of prevailing southwesterly sea breeze as shown in Fig.

이론/모형

For the CMAQ simulations, the hourly WRF results were processed by the Meteorology-Chemistry Interface Processor (MCIP) version 4.1. The MCIP-processed meteorological data were also used for the estimates of biogenic emission and backward trajectory analyses.
(2015). In addition, the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT) (Draxler and Hess, 1997) version 4 was used with the WRF-simulated wind field for backward trajectory analyses.
In order to estimate the effect of BVOC emissions from the Kinki region of Japan on urban O₃ concentration in Osaka, this study utilized the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ) (Byun and Schere, 2006) version 5.0.1 driven with meteorological fields produced by the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) (Skamarock and Klemp, 2008) version 3.5.1. The baseline WRF/CMAQ simulation in this study is identical to that of Nishimura et al.

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