선택한 단어 수는 입니다.
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선택한 단어 수는 30입니다.
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최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
문제 정의
- This study aimed to identify the effect of improved neck posture through head/neck exercises in stroke patients and to identify balance-control problems that can occur due to bad posture, thereby providing foundational data that are useful for balance-control exercise programs for these patients.
제안 방법
- For the VAT group, the active range of motion of neck was carried out in random sequence for eight weeks, four sets a day and three days a week; and the visual feedback training was carried out in random sequence, tracing trajectories on the picture board. And the training was carried out for eight weeks, two sets a day and three days a week.
- For the ART group, a trained therapist gave a demonstration first, and then the patients were given education. As for the active range of motion of neck, flexion and extension, turning to the left and turning to the right, extension to the left, flexion to the right, extension to the right, flexion to the left, and head turn motion were performed in random sequence. Eight sets were performed a day, with a one-minute break between sets.
- The training was carried out for eight weeks, eight sets a day and three days a week. For the VAT group, the active range of motion of neck was carried out in random sequence for eight weeks, four sets a day and three days a week; and the visual feedback training was carried out in random sequence, tracing trajectories on the picture board. And the training was carried out for eight weeks, two sets a day and three days a week.
- Prior to the experiment, the objectives and test methods of this study were explained to the 42 stroke patients who voluntarily consented to the experiment, and a therapist did demonstrations of all tasks. To determine the effect of visual-feedback interventions on stroke patients according to the training period and the number of sessions, the subjects were divided into three groups.
- In our study, the static balance ability was measured by the center of pressure (COP) while the patient looked forward while in the standing position with a 4-inch gap between the feet. The dynamic balance ability was measured by a method in which the patients moved their COP in the correct order along a path displayed on the computer screen. A 10-m walk test with proven reliability and validity in many other studies was modified to measure the gait ability of the patients by having them perform three tasks randomly.
- The limitation of this study was that no measurement of saccade movements was conducted due to the focus on eye movements and the lack of studies on the effect of increased head coordination on coordination between the upper and lower extremities. In future studies, it will be necessary to investigate the effect of distal-portion activities, such as head movements, on the stability of the proximal portions of the body and the coordination of the extremities.
- When the patient wears the headset, the laser is automatically displayed on the drawing board. The patient moves the beam along the lines of the drawing board, increasing muscle strength in the neck and stabilizing the neck muscles. By controlling point-movement speed, exercise difficulty can be controlled.
- The three tasks during walking were conducted in this study using a modified 10 m walking test. On this test, the VFT group showed a significant difference according to training period and in comparison to the other groups.
- Eight sets were performed a day, with a one-minute break between sets. The training was carried out for eight weeks, eight sets a day and three days a week. For the VAT group, the active range of motion of neck was carried out in random sequence for eight weeks, four sets a day and three days a week; and the visual feedback training was carried out in random sequence, tracing trajectories on the picture board.
- Four sets were performed a day, with a three-minute rest between sets. The training was carried out for eight weeks, four sets a day and three days a week. For the ART group, a trained therapist gave a demonstration first, and then the patients were given education.
- The Sensoneck device of the TerapiMaster was used to train eyehead coordination. This device aims to test and exercise the neck joints and deep muscles. It consists of a headset mounted with a laser pointer, and a drawing board.
- This study conducted an experiment in which patients followed specific trajectories with their eyes using the Sensoneck device in the sitting position, tracking the trajectory with a laser-pointer flashlight attached to the head and aimed at a board in order to determine whether coordination ability was increased through head movements and eye-tracking and whether there was a correlation between the head/neck area and other body parts. It also aimed to determine the effect of changing postural alignment and the mobility of neuromuscular activities via neck exercises on the postural control of stroke patients by emphasizing motor-control therapy for coordination between the head and neck.
- To ensure the accuracy of the measurement of balance and walking, a single examiner obtained three measurements and a mean value was used. Three measurements for each subject were obtained prior to the experiment, after four weeks, and after eight weeks, and mean values were calculated.
- Prior to the experiment, the objectives and test methods of this study were explained to the 42 stroke patients who voluntarily consented to the experiment, and a therapist did demonstrations of all tasks. To determine the effect of visual-feedback interventions on stroke patients according to the training period and the number of sessions, the subjects were divided into three groups. They were randomly assigned into a visual-feedback training (VFT) group, an active range-of-motion training (ART) group, and a group that combined visual feedback with active range-of-motion training (VAT).
대상 데이터
- This study selected 42 patients, who understood the objective and participated voluntarily, from among stroke patients hospitalized at K Hospital in Daegu from March to April 2014. All subjects were diagnosed with stroke via computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and their ages ranged from 16 to 65 years. Within three months after stroke onset, neurologic recovery progresses quickly so patients who were still in that period were excluded, while only patients with no severe cognitive or consciousness disorders and who could follow three-step commands were selected.
- And the posture of sitting up straight was used as the training posture. The first set was composed of the horizontal line, the vertical line, the oblique line, the figure of eight, and the oval. Four sets were performed a day, with a three-minute rest between sets.
- For the VFT group, training was carried out by means of the sensoneck device. The subjects were positioned 2.5 m away from the picture board, and headsets with laser points were put on them. Trajectories on the picture board were divided into a vertical line, a horizontal line, an oblique line, a figure of eight, and an oval.
- This study selected 42 patients, who understood the objective and participated voluntarily, from among stroke patients hospitalized at K Hospital in Daegu from March to April 2014. All subjects were diagnosed with stroke via computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and their ages ranged from 16 to 65 years.
- 5 m away from the picture board, and headsets with laser points were put on them. Trajectories on the picture board were divided into a vertical line, a horizontal line, an oblique line, a figure of eight, and an oval. And the posture of sitting up straight was used as the training posture.
데이터처리
- 0. The general characteristics of the subjects were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and two-way repeated ANOVA was used to compare differences between balance and walking abilities prior to the experiment, after four weeks, and after eight weeks for each group. For post-hoc comparison, least significant difference was calculated.
성능/효과
- Furthermore, interactions between groups and between the time before and after the experiment (prior to the experiment, after four weeks, and after eight weeks) also showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) (Table 3).
- Main effect tests showed statistically significant differences between the three groups (p < 0.05) and between the training periods (prior to experiment, after four weeks, and after eight weeks) (p < 0.05).
- All subjects were diagnosed with stroke via computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and their ages ranged from 16 to 65 years. Within three months after stroke onset, neurologic recovery progresses quickly so patients who were still in that period were excluded, while only patients with no severe cognitive or consciousness disorders and who could follow three-step commands were selected. Patients with visual problems, such as ophthalmodonesis or diplopia, or brainstem and cerebellar symptoms (vestibular dysfunction), were also excluded from the study, as were patients with receptive aphasia and hemi-neglect.
후속연구
- The limitation of this study was that no measurement of saccade movements was conducted due to the focus on eye movements and the lack of studies on the effect of increased head coordination on coordination between the upper and lower extremities. In future studies, it will be necessary to investigate the effect of distal-portion activities, such as head movements, on the stability of the proximal portions of the body and the coordination of the extremities.
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