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문제 정의
- The objective of this study is to identify brain thinking pattern being represented in a process of creative reasoning of gifted and normal children.
- This study was intended to confirm difference of neural activation level being represented in creative reasoning process of gifted and normal children. Group analysis was performed through comparison of measured EEG data between individual resting condition and Raven task performance.
제안 방법
- sLORETA (Pascual-Marqui, 2002) being used in this study is to estimate current density count (value) in each voxel after dividing total brain into 6239 voxels at 5 mm spatial resolution. As this study targets time series data of EEG as its analysis, voxel data being averaged by each group was made to enable estimation in a form of linear function through log transform without smoothing. Comparison by each group deter- mined probability threshold values for maximum acti- vated t value being detected by randomly comparing voxel data of brain current density of each comparison group for 5,000 times (p<0.
- The task was printed in A4 paper and presented by coating it with dim film sheet. Before presenting this Raven task, rules of the task was explained through similar question items and main task for EEG mea- surement was presented after preliminary task.
- Its mild abrasive formula improves conductivity and helps achieve maximum efficiency with EEG equipment. By informing basic information and attentions for brainwave before measure- ment, psychological resting condition of the test subjects was made to be maintained and features and mode of Raven task were explained to them through preliminary task. EEG measurement was performed in an isolated room that may block outside noise while maintaining a constant illumination.
- All those subjects who did not have psychiatric and family history participated in this study voluntarily. Considering their status of minor, this test was performed only for the students who received consent form from their parents and letter of recommendation from their tea- chers and before performing measurement of brain wave, the students were informed of general expla- nation for EEG, noninvasive features and directions for measurement.
- , 2004). However, the objective of all of these researches was mostly to confirm features of brain wave by its frequency or difference in neural current sources being represented in scalp like preceding studies (Doppelmayr et al., 2005; Liu et al., 2008) that were intended to confirm processing of recognized thinking or correlation with intelligence through brain wave. This analysis may confirm quantitative information of bran wave being observed in scalp but it is very hard to identify an interrelationship between actual internal cerebral activation area and signal current sources (Pascual-Marqui, 2002)
- In this study, evoked potential (EP) was measured by using E-series EEG system (Compumedics) and for collection of EEG data, E-series (Ver 3.4 Release) was used. Location of EEG measurement comprised 19 channels including Fp1/2, F3/4, C3/4, P3/4, O1/2, F7/8, T3/4, T5/6, Fz, Cz, Pz based on Jasper(1958)'s 10~20 electrode system that is international electrode displacement system.
- Presented task was directed to select one of the 8 figures in which a figure to be entered into last space was presented as an example after reasoning relation pattern from various figure stimulations (Fig. 1).
- This statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM) mode may minimize error by repeated measure- ment. The analysis targeted average current density value for total 16 seconds section and 8 frequency bands (Delta, Theta, Alpha-1/2, Beta-1/2, Gamma, Omega) during task measurement. Last omega band among 8 frequencies was based on 1~50Hz corresponding to total frequency area being used for the analysis.
대상 데이터
- The task being used for this objective was Raven's Progressive Matrices test and EEG test was performed by selecting 3 tasks among this test items. Number of test subjects was total 12 persons including 6 gifted children and other 6 normal children and only persons of right-hander were targeted for this test. Conclusion drawn from the result of this study is as follows.
- The task being used for this objective was Raven's Progressive Matrices test and EEG test was performed by selecting 3 tasks among this test items.
데이터처리
- Comparison by each group deter- mined probability threshold values for maximum acti- vated t value being detected by randomly comparing voxel data of brain current density of each comparison group for 5,000 times (p<0.05) at the time of inde- pendent t-test.
이론/모형
- Electrooculogram (EOG) such as eye-blink or eye move- ment, electromyogram (EMG) being generated when putting one's brain to work or moving hand or foot and electrocardiogram (EKG) representing heartbeat are typical artifacts and these wave may exert a serious influence on the analysis result of EEG. In this study, in order to remove diversified mixed artifacts, indepen- dent component analysis (ICA) was used. Contrary to the existing studies in which low frequency band (0.
- The task used for creative reasoning process was Raven's pro- gressive matrices test which is a countercultural intelligence test method that reasons figure relationship (Raven et al., 1998).
성능/효과
- Through this, it could be realized that activation of Alpha and Gamma band and functional lateralization to right hemisphere are one of the typical traits being represented in gifted children at the time of solving creative problem. Even in this study, as a result of comparing inter-group Alpha-1 band source with that of normal children, high neural current sources synchronization for gifted children was observed in total 134 voxels in Alpha-1 band and total 177 voxels in Gamma band and both bands were confirmed to show activation features lateralized to right hemisphere.
- First, the result of this study shows that brain activation pattern of gifted and normal children could be confirmed not only in a process of performing a task but also in the resting condition. Resting con- dition of closed eyes means a peaceful state of not being stimulated and recently, this state is known to be a concept of default mode network.
- Second, it could be realized that brain use pattern is different in a process of creative reasoning of gifted and normal children. This difference represents a difference in fluid intelligence in using a specific circuit at the time of mainly performing a task.
- Third, it could be realized that compared with normal children, nerve activation in Alpha-1 and Gam- ma band of gifted children was mainly represented in right hemisphere. This means that lateralized acti- vation of right hemisphere is a unique brain activation pattern of gifted children at the time of performing a task.
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