Cho, Chea-Un
(Species Restoration Technology Institute, Korea National Park Service)
,
Kim, Kyu-Cheol
(Species Restoration Technology Institute, Korea National Park Service)
,
Kwon, Gu-Hui
(Species Restoration Technology Institute, Korea National Park Service)
,
Kim, Ki-Yoon
(Species Restoration Technology Institute, Korea National Park Service)
,
Lee, Bae-Keun
(National Institute of Ecology)
,
Son, Jang-Ilk
(Species Restoration Technology Institute, Korea National Park Service)
This study aimed to analyze characteristics of the seasonal habitat use of reintroduced Long-tailed Gorals (n=7) in Woraksan (mountain) National Park. We collected 10,721 goral coordinates in Woraksan (mountain) National Park via transmitters, and analyzed habitat use (e.g., aspect, distance from st...
This study aimed to analyze characteristics of the seasonal habitat use of reintroduced Long-tailed Gorals (n=7) in Woraksan (mountain) National Park. We collected 10,721 goral coordinates in Woraksan (mountain) National Park via transmitters, and analyzed habitat use (e.g., aspect, distance from stream and road) from November 2006 to January 2013. Aspect use was southwest (22.6 %), and seasonal aspect use had a southwestern slope (in the spring, summer, and autumn). A northwestern aspect was detected in winter, but slope of $30^{\circ}{\sim}35^{\circ}$ (19.0 %) was used regardless of the season and mean elevation use was 500 m. Moreover, seasonal use was higher in the summer and lower in the winter and spring. The distance from the stream was mainly 50 m in 17.2 %, except in the winter (distance of 300 m), and it was within 50 m in the spring, summer, and autumn. The distance from the road was 100 m in 25.7 %, and seasonal use was within 100 m except for the winter. Thus, we examined significant differences in the habitat use of reintroduced gorals in Woraksan (mountain), and provide elementary data for habitat stabilization of Woraksan (mountain) National Park where goral restoration has advanced.
This study aimed to analyze characteristics of the seasonal habitat use of reintroduced Long-tailed Gorals (n=7) in Woraksan (mountain) National Park. We collected 10,721 goral coordinates in Woraksan (mountain) National Park via transmitters, and analyzed habitat use (e.g., aspect, distance from stream and road) from November 2006 to January 2013. Aspect use was southwest (22.6 %), and seasonal aspect use had a southwestern slope (in the spring, summer, and autumn). A northwestern aspect was detected in winter, but slope of $30^{\circ}{\sim}35^{\circ}$ (19.0 %) was used regardless of the season and mean elevation use was 500 m. Moreover, seasonal use was higher in the summer and lower in the winter and spring. The distance from the stream was mainly 50 m in 17.2 %, except in the winter (distance of 300 m), and it was within 50 m in the spring, summer, and autumn. The distance from the road was 100 m in 25.7 %, and seasonal use was within 100 m except for the winter. Thus, we examined significant differences in the habitat use of reintroduced gorals in Woraksan (mountain), and provide elementary data for habitat stabilization of Woraksan (mountain) National Park where goral restoration has advanced.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
문제 정의
Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze characteristics of habitat use of released Long-tailed Gorals fitted with GPS collars in Woraksan (mountain) National Park. Therefore, this study presents data pertaining to the restoration and conservation focusing on behavioral characteristics of Long-tailed Gorals (reintroduced into Woraksan (mountain) National Park needed to restore and conserve wild animals that are currently endangered.
제안 방법
We collected and utilized a total of 10,721 coordinates (mean = 1,531) from seven Long-tailed Gorals (WF-01, 1,189; WM-02, 2,726; WF-03, 191; WF-04, 869; WF-05, 1,496; WF-06, 3,201; WF-07, 1,049 coordinates)(Table 1). The program Arc GIS 9.3.1 was used to analyze the numerical maps of Woraksan (mountain) National Park (1:25,000; NGII) and DEM (resolution 10 m). A two-way ANOVA of SPSS version 20.
217 in Korea (IUCN, 2013). Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze characteristics of habitat use of released Long-tailed Gorals fitted with GPS collars in Woraksan (mountain) National Park. Therefore, this study presents data pertaining to the restoration and conservation focusing on behavioral characteristics of Long-tailed Gorals (reintroduced into Woraksan (mountain) National Park needed to restore and conserve wild animals that are currently endangered.
대상 데이터
977㎢ was designated as Woraksan (mountain) National Park, and this area has several small and large peaks. The study period spanned from November 2006 to January 2013, and we conducted analyses of characterisitics of habitat use based on the activities of the seven Long-tailed Gorals with GPS transmitters, which were reintroduced into Woraksan (mountain) National Park (Figure 1).
데이터처리
1 was used to analyze the numerical maps of Woraksan (mountain) National Park (1:25,000; NGII) and DEM (resolution 10 m). A two-way ANOVA of SPSS version 20.0 was also performed to analyze changes in the habitats used between individuals and seasonal changes.
성능/효과
Analyses of individual aspect use indicated no significant differences among individuals (F=3.455, p<0.01), and specific aspects were significantly different (F=745.754, p<0.01).
9% (642 points), respectively (Figure 3, Table 3). Significant differences were detected for the aspect use of individual during seasonal changes (F=11.442, p[0.01), but seasonal changes for each specific aspect did not show significant differences (F=0.382, p]0.05).
01). The results of analyses that examined characteristics of aspect use and seasonal change showed southwestern slope usage in the spring, summer, autumn, and winter at 28.1% (603 points), 23.6% (706 points), 23.3% (642 points), and 20.9% (642 points), respectively (Figure 3, Table 3). Significant differences were detected for the aspect use of individual during seasonal changes (F=11.
So, we thought that the altitude use width of goral was less in Woraksan (mountain). The results of our distance from streams analyses showed that use at a 50m distance from streams was 17.2 % (1,843 points), which suggests that their habitats are closely related to the distance from streams. Regarding the seasonal characteristics of distance from streams, a 50m distance was 19.
The results of slope use analyses indicate that areas with a mean slope of 30°–35° (19.0 %: 2,038 points) were most preferred, followed by areas with 35°–40° (16.4 %: 1,762 points) and 25°–30° (15.3 %: 1,637 points) slopes.
We analyzed the slope characteristics of habitat use for seven Long-tailed Gorals in Woraksan (mountain) National Park, and the results showed that the mean slope of 30°– 35° was 19.0% (2,038 points), which was the most preferred slope.
참고문헌 (26)
Abbas, F.I.(2012) Status of Himalayan grey goral with reference to Pakistan. Proceedings of the 1st "Goral and Serow day" and International Symposium for Conservation of Goral and Serow, Seoul, pp. 43.
Ager, A.A., B.K. Johnson, J.W. Kern, and J.G. Kie(2003) Daily and seasonal movements and habitat use by female Rocky Mountain elk and mule deer. J. Mammal. 84(3): 1076-1088.
Aldridge, H.D.J.N. and Brigham, R.M(1988) Load carrying and maneuverability in an insectivorous bat: a test of the 5% "rule" of radio-telemetry. J. Mamm. 69: 379-382.
Chaiyarat, R., W. Laohajinda. and U. Kutintara(1999) Ecology of the goral (Naemorhedus goral) in Omkoi Wildlife Sanctuary. Thailand Nat Hist Bull Siam Soc. 47(2): 191-205.
Chen, W., Q.G. Wu, J.C. Hu, X. Lu and Z.Q. You(2012) Seasonal habitat use of Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus) in a subtropical forest. Russ. J. Eco. 43(3): 256-260.
Cho, C.U.(2013) Systematic study on the long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus), with ecology and conservation plan. Ph. D. Chungbuk National Univ. Republic of Korea. pp. 72-119. (in Korean with English abstract)
Cho, C.U., G.H. Gyun, J.J. Yang, S.J. Lim, A.N. Lee, H.B. Park and B.K. Lee. (2014) Home range and behavioral characteristics of the endangered Korea Long-tailed Gorals (Naemorhedus cau- datus) with GPS collar. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 28(1): 1-9. (in Korean with English abstract)
Hobbs, N.T. and R.A. Spowart(1984) Effects of prescribed fire on nutrition of mountain sheep and mule deer during winter and spring. J. Wildl Manag. 48(2): 551-560.
Myslenkov, A.I. and I.V.Voloshina(1989) Ecology and behaviour of the Amur goral. Moscow: Nauka. pp. 1-128.
Myslenkov, A.I. and I.V.Voloshina(2012) Ecology and behaviour of Amur goral. Korean Studies Information Co. pp. 159-195. (in Korean)
Nasimovich, A.A.(1955) Role of snow cover conditions in the life of ungulates within USSR territory. Lzd. AN SSSR. Moscow. pp.371
Nicholson, M.C., R.T. Bowyer, and J.G. Kie(1997) Habitat selection and survival of mule deer: Tradeoffs associated with migration. J. Wildlife Manag. 78(2): 483-504.
Park, H.B.(2011) The Habitat-using Characteristics of Longtailed-goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) in the Northern of Gyeongbuk Province and the Effect of Climate Change. Master's Thesis, Gyeongbuk Univ., pp. 19-25. (in Korean with English abstract)
Riley, S.J. and A.R. Dood(1984) Summer movements, home range, habitat use, and behavior of mule deer fawns. J. Wildlife Manag. 48(4): 1302-1310.
Won, P.H.(1967) The illustrated encyclopedia of fauna and flora of Korea. Minister of Education. Seoul. pp. 59-65. (in Korean)
Yang, B.K.(2002) Systematic, ecology and current population status of the goral, Naemorhedus caudatus, in Korea, Ph. D. Dissertation. Chungbuk National Univ. Republic of Korea. pp. 29-58. (in Korean with English abstract)
Zweifel-Schielly, B., M. Kreuzer, K.C. Ewald and W. Suter(2009) Habitat selection by an alpine ungulate: The significance of forage characteristics varies with scale and season. Ecography. vol. 32, pp. 103-113.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.