Boo, Hee-Ock
(WELLPHYTO Co. Ltd., BI Center, GIST)
,
Kim, Young-Sun
(Department of Korean Food, Jeonnam Provincial College)
,
Kim, Hag-Hyun
(Faculty of Food Nutrition and Cookery, Woosong Information College)
,
Kwon, Soo-Jeong
(Faculty of Food Nutrition and Cookery, Woosong Information College)
,
Woo, Sun-Hee
(Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University)
This experiment was conducted to obtain the have higher contents of pharmaceutical constituents as well as higher yield from colchicine induced diploid and tetraploid extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum. In order to determine the biological activity, this study was focused to evaluate the cytotoxici...
This experiment was conducted to obtain the have higher contents of pharmaceutical constituents as well as higher yield from colchicine induced diploid and tetraploid extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum. In order to determine the biological activity, this study was focused to evaluate the cytotoxicity, antimicrobial on the bronthus disease bacteria, antioxidant enzyme activity of diploid and tetraploid extracts in P. grandiflorum. The activities of antioxidant enzyme according to different solvent extracts were measured as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of P. grandiflorum showed significant differences between tetraploid and diploid. That is, the cytotoxic effect against human cancer cell was higher in tetraploid than in diploid. At all extracts concentration, tetraploid samples showed high toxicity and the $IC_{50}$ (concentration causing 50% cell death) value showed the highest on HCT-116 cell ($105.91{\mu}g/mL$), and exhibited significant activity against the Hep 3B cell ($140.67{\mu}g/mL$), SNU-1066 cell ($154.01{\mu}g/mL$), Hela cell ($158.37{\mu}g/mL$), SNU-601 cell ($182.67{\mu}g/mL$), Calu-6 cell ($190.42{\mu}g/mL$), MCF-7 cell ($510.19{\mu}g/mL$). Antimicrobial activities of diploid P. grandiflorum were relatively low compared to tetraploid P. grandiflorum on most of the bacterial strains. In tetraploid P. grandiflorum, K. pneumoniae showed the clear zone formation (18~19 mm) of growth inhibition, followed by the clear zone formation of 13~15 mm on C. diphtheria and S. pyogenes. The antimicrobial activities in diploid P. grandiflorum were the highest on K. pneumonia (14~15 mm), and showed the clear zone formation of 11~12 mm on C. diphtheria and 12~13 mm on S. pyogenes. The antimicrobial activity is thought to look different depending on the bacterial strains and the polyploidy of P. grandiflorum. The root extract of P. grandiflorum had the highest (97.2%) SOD enzyme activity in ethyl acetate partition layer of tetraploid while water partition layer of diploid showed the lowest (48.6%) SOD enzyme activity. The activity of CAT showed higher values in the root of tetraploid than in the diploid of P. grandiflorum in all partition layers except butyl alcohol. The activities of APX and POD showed higher values in the root of tetraploid than in the diploid of P. grandiflorum in all fraction solvents except water layer. These results indicate that the tetraploid P. grandiflorum can be used as a source for developing cytotoxic agent and antimicrobials which can act against bronchus diseases bacterial strains.
This experiment was conducted to obtain the have higher contents of pharmaceutical constituents as well as higher yield from colchicine induced diploid and tetraploid extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum. In order to determine the biological activity, this study was focused to evaluate the cytotoxicity, antimicrobial on the bronthus disease bacteria, antioxidant enzyme activity of diploid and tetraploid extracts in P. grandiflorum. The activities of antioxidant enzyme according to different solvent extracts were measured as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of P. grandiflorum showed significant differences between tetraploid and diploid. That is, the cytotoxic effect against human cancer cell was higher in tetraploid than in diploid. At all extracts concentration, tetraploid samples showed high toxicity and the $IC_{50}$ (concentration causing 50% cell death) value showed the highest on HCT-116 cell ($105.91{\mu}g/mL$), and exhibited significant activity against the Hep 3B cell ($140.67{\mu}g/mL$), SNU-1066 cell ($154.01{\mu}g/mL$), Hela cell ($158.37{\mu}g/mL$), SNU-601 cell ($182.67{\mu}g/mL$), Calu-6 cell ($190.42{\mu}g/mL$), MCF-7 cell ($510.19{\mu}g/mL$). Antimicrobial activities of diploid P. grandiflorum were relatively low compared to tetraploid P. grandiflorum on most of the bacterial strains. In tetraploid P. grandiflorum, K. pneumoniae showed the clear zone formation (18~19 mm) of growth inhibition, followed by the clear zone formation of 13~15 mm on C. diphtheria and S. pyogenes. The antimicrobial activities in diploid P. grandiflorum were the highest on K. pneumonia (14~15 mm), and showed the clear zone formation of 11~12 mm on C. diphtheria and 12~13 mm on S. pyogenes. The antimicrobial activity is thought to look different depending on the bacterial strains and the polyploidy of P. grandiflorum. The root extract of P. grandiflorum had the highest (97.2%) SOD enzyme activity in ethyl acetate partition layer of tetraploid while water partition layer of diploid showed the lowest (48.6%) SOD enzyme activity. The activity of CAT showed higher values in the root of tetraploid than in the diploid of P. grandiflorum in all partition layers except butyl alcohol. The activities of APX and POD showed higher values in the root of tetraploid than in the diploid of P. grandiflorum in all fraction solvents except water layer. These results indicate that the tetraploid P. grandiflorum can be used as a source for developing cytotoxic agent and antimicrobials which can act against bronchus diseases bacterial strains.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
데이터처리
A ANOVA procedure followed by Duncan test was used to determine the significant difference (p<0.05) between treatment means.
Means with the same letter in column are not significantly different at p<0.05 level by Duncan’s multiple range test.
이론/모형
The effects of P. grandiflorum extracts on the bronchus disease bacteria (Corynebacterium diphtheria, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. Pneumonia and Streptococcus pyogenes) were evaluated using the agar diffusion method. Inocula of approximately 107 CFU were inoculated onto the surface of pre-dried agar.
The statistical analysis was performed using the procedures of the Statistical Analysis System. A ANOVA procedure followed by Duncan test was used to determine the significant difference (p<0.
성능/효과
In conclusion, to use of tetraploid P. grandiflorum in healthy functional foods and medicinal industry with regard to its high antioxidant potentials, it is suggested that complement experiments is required to accomplish on fraction extracts of P. grandiflorum.
참고문헌 (39)
Apel, K. and H. Hirt. 2004. Reactive oxygen species: Metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 5 : 373-99.
Asada, K. 1994. Production and action of active oxygen species in photosynthetic tissues. In Foyer C.H., P.M. Mullineaux (eds.), Causes of Photooxidative Stress and Amelioration of Defense Systems in Plants. CRC Press, London, England. pp.77-105.
Asish, K. P. and B. D. Anath. 2005. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants. A review Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 60 : 324-349.
Boo, H. O., J. H. Shin, Y. S. Kim, H. J. Park, H. H. Kim, S. J. Kwon, and S. H. Woo. 2013. Comparative Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Diploid and Tetraploid Platycodon grandiflorum by Different Drying Methods. Korean J. Plant Res. 26(3) : 389-396.
Chan, L. W., E. L. C. Cheah, C. L. L. Saw, W. Weng, and P. W. Heng. 2008. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and some other medicinal plants commonly used in South-East Asia. Chinese Medicine. 3 : 15.
Choi, J. H., Y. P. Hwang, H. S. Lee, and H. G. Jeong. 2009. Inhibitory effect of Platycodi Radix on ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47 : 1272-1279.
Cuyacot, A. R., J. J. M. Mahilum, and M. R. S. B. Madamba. 2014. Cytotoxicity potentials of some medicinal plants in Mindanao, Philippines. Pelagia Research Library. 4(1) : 81-89.
Gao, S. L., D. N. Zhu, Z. H. Cai, and D. R. Xu. 1996. Autotetraploid plants from colchicine-treated bud culture of Salvia miltior-rhiza Bge. Plant Cell, Tissue Org. Cult. 47(1) : 73-77.
Goveas, S. W. and A. Abraham. 2013. Evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of stem and leaf extracts of Coscinium fenestratum. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 6(3) : 218-221.
Gaspar, T., C. Penel, F. J. Castillo, and H. Greppin. 1985. A two step control of basic and acid peroxidases and its significance for growth and development. Plant Physiol. 64 : 418-423.
Ishizaka, H. and J. Uematau. 1994. Amphidiploids between Cyclamen persicum Mill . and C. hederifolium Aiton induced through colchicine treatment of ovules in vitro and plants. Breed. Sci. 44 : 161-166.
Jeong, H. M., E. H. Han, Y. H. Jin, Y. P. Hwang, H. G. Kim, B. H. Park, J. Y. Kim, Y. C. Chung, K. Y. Lee, and H. G. Jeong. 2010. Saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum stimulate osteoblast differentiation via p38 MAPK- and ERKdependent RUNX2 activation. Food Chem. Toxicol. 48 : 3362-3368.
Kang, H. M. and M. E. Saltveit. 2002. Chilling tolerance of maize, cucumber and rice seedling leaves and roots are differentially affected by salicylic acid. Physiol. Plant. 115 : 571-576.
Kim, I. K., H. H. Kim, E. Y. Hong, J. S. Yun, T. Yun, J. K. Hwang, and C. H. Lee. 2003. Breeding of tetraploid in Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. by colchicine treatment. Korean J. Plant Res. 6(3) : 188-194.
Kim, K. S., O. Ezaki, S. Ikemoto, and H. Itakura. 1995. Effects of Platycodon grandiflorum feeding on serum and liver lipid concentrations in rats with diet-induced hyperlipidemia. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 41 : 485-491.
Lee, E. B. 1973. Pharmacological studies on Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC. IV. A comparison of experimental pharmacological effects of crude platycodin with clinical indications of Platycodi Radix. Yakugaku Zasshi. 93 : 1188-1194.
Lee, K. J., J. Y. Kim, K. S. Jung, C. Y. Choi, Y. C. Chung, D. H. Kim, and H. G. Jeong. 2004. Suppressive effects of Platycodon grandiflorum on the progress of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis. Arch. Pharm. Res. 27 : 1238-1244.
Lewis, W. H. 1980. Ploidy: Biological Relevance. Plenum, NewYork, USA.
Liu, G., Z. Li, and M. Bao. 2007. Colchicine-induced chromosome doubling in Platanus acerifolia and its effect on plant morphology. Euphytica 157(1-2) : 145-154.
Lobo, R., K. S. Prabhu, and A. Shirwaikar. 2009. Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. (white turmeric): a review of its chemical, pharmacological and ethnomedicinal properties. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 61 : 13-21.
Moftah, A. H. and B. E. Michel. 1987. The effect of sodium chloride on solute potential and proline accumulation in soybean leaves. Plant Physiol. 83 : 238-240.
Modaressi, M., R. Shahsavari, F. Ahmadi, M. Rahimi-Nasrabadi, R. Abiri, A. Mikaeli, and H. Batoli. 2013. The evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Mindium Laevigatum (Vent.) Rech. F., from central part of Iran. Jundishapur J. Nat. Pharm. Prod. 8(1) : 34-40.
Najami, N., J. Tibor, W. Barriah, G. Kayam, T. Moshe, M. Guy, and M. Volokita. 2008. Ascorbate peroxidase gene family in tomato: its identification and characterization. Mol. Genet. Genom. 279 : 171-182.
Park, H. J., M. J. Kim, E. Ha, J. H. Chung. 2008. Apoptotic effect of hesperidin through caspase 3 activation in human colon cancer cells, SNU-C4. Phytomedicine. 15 : 147-151.
Petersen, K. K., P. Hagberg, and K. Kristiansenk. 2003. Colchicine and oryzalin mediated chromosome doubling in different genotypes of Miscanthus sinensis. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 73(2) : 137-146.
Pinheiro, A. A., M. T. Pozzobon, C. B. Do Valle, M. I. O. Penteado, and V. T. C. Carneiro. 2000. Duplication of the chromosome number of diploid Brachiaria brizantha plants using colchicine. Plant Cell Reports 19(3) : 274-278.
Thao, N. T. P., K. Ureshino, I. Miyajima, Y. Ozaki, and H. Okubo. 2003. Induction of tetraploids in ornamental Alocasia through colchicine and oryzalin treatments. Plant Cell, Tiss. Org. Cult. 72 : 19-25.
Vijayarathna, S. and S. Sasidharan. 2012. Cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of Elaeis guineensis on MCF-7 and Vero cell lines. Asian Pac. J. Trop Biomed. 2(10) : 826-829.
Wang, X. H., L. Xiong, Y. H. Qu, J. Yang, and Z. J. Gu. 2006. The polyploidy induction and identification of Platycodon grandiflorus (Campanulaceae) in China. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 28(6) : 593-598.
Wojtaszek, P. 1997. Oxidative burst: an early plant response to pathogen infection. Biochem. J. 322 : 681-692.
Wu, Y., F. Yang, X. Zhao, and W. Yang. 2011. Identification of tetraploid mutants of Platycodon grandiflorus by colchicines induction. Caryologia. 64(3) : 343-349.
Yan-Wei, H., L. Chun-Yu, D. Chong-Min, W. Wen-Qian, and G. Zhen-Lun. 2009. Induction of apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro by flavonoids from Astragalus complanatus. J. Ethnopharmacol. 123 : 293-301.
Zhao, H. L., K. H. Cho, Y. W. Ha, T. S. Jeong, W. S. Lee, and Y. S. Kim. 2006. Cholesterol lowering effect of platycodin D in hyper cholesterolemic ICR mice. European journal of pharmacology. 537 : 166-173.
Zhao, H. L. and Y. S. Kim. 2004. Determination of the kinetic properties of platycodin D for the inhibition of pancreatic lipase using a 1, 2 - diglyceride based colorimetric assay. Archives of pharmacal research. 27 : 1048-1052.
Zhou, B. Y., Z. F. Guo, and Z. L. Liu. 2005. Effects of abscisic acid on antioxidant systems of Stylosanthes guianensis (Aublet) Sw. under chilling stress. Crop Science. 45 : 599-605.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.