울릉도의 낙엽활엽수림에 우점하고 있는 너도밤나무를 대상으로 엽록체 반수체형(haplotype)의 다양성과 공간적 분포를 파악하기 위해 울릉도 전역에서 채집한 총 144개체로부터 psbA-trnH 구간의 염기서열을 결정하였다. 너도밤나무의 근연종을 포함하여 계통분석을 수행한 결과, 너도밤나무의 엽록체 반수체형은 일본산 F. japonica와 중국산 F. engleriana 분계조와 자매관계를 이루는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 분석한 모든 너도밤나무의 개체들은 동일한 염기서열을 갖고 있는 것으로 나타나, 엽록체 반수체형의 다양성은 매우 낮은 것으로 판명되었다. 이러한 결과는 동위효소 분석에 근거한 유전자 다양성이 매우 높다는 기존 연구 결과와 대비되는 것으로서, 너도밤나무는 핵 유전자의 다양성은 높으나 엽록체 유전자의 다양성은 낮은 것으로 판단되며, 이것은 두 가지 가설로 설명할 수 있다. 하나는 너도밤나무의 조상이 울릉도로 이주하여 정착할 초기 단계에서 엽록체 반수체형이 지역적인 구조를 갖는 조상 모집단으로부터 종자가 지속적으로 유입된 결과로 해석할 수 있다. 다른 하나는 육지의 조상 모집단으로부터 새 또는 태풍에 의해 소수의 종자가 유입되어 정착한 후, 바람에 의해 조상 모집단의 화분이 지속적으로 유입된 결과인 것으로 추론할 수 있다. 울릉도 내의 대양한 고유 자생식물의 기원을 규명하는 데 있어서 모계유전을 함으로 인해 종자의 이동을 추적할 수 있는 엽록체 DNA에 근거한 비교계통지리학적 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.
울릉도의 낙엽활엽수림에 우점하고 있는 너도밤나무를 대상으로 엽록체 반수체형(haplotype)의 다양성과 공간적 분포를 파악하기 위해 울릉도 전역에서 채집한 총 144개체로부터 psbA-trnH 구간의 염기서열을 결정하였다. 너도밤나무의 근연종을 포함하여 계통분석을 수행한 결과, 너도밤나무의 엽록체 반수체형은 일본산 F. japonica와 중국산 F. engleriana 분계조와 자매관계를 이루는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 분석한 모든 너도밤나무의 개체들은 동일한 염기서열을 갖고 있는 것으로 나타나, 엽록체 반수체형의 다양성은 매우 낮은 것으로 판명되었다. 이러한 결과는 동위효소 분석에 근거한 유전자 다양성이 매우 높다는 기존 연구 결과와 대비되는 것으로서, 너도밤나무는 핵 유전자의 다양성은 높으나 엽록체 유전자의 다양성은 낮은 것으로 판단되며, 이것은 두 가지 가설로 설명할 수 있다. 하나는 너도밤나무의 조상이 울릉도로 이주하여 정착할 초기 단계에서 엽록체 반수체형이 지역적인 구조를 갖는 조상 모집단으로부터 종자가 지속적으로 유입된 결과로 해석할 수 있다. 다른 하나는 육지의 조상 모집단으로부터 새 또는 태풍에 의해 소수의 종자가 유입되어 정착한 후, 바람에 의해 조상 모집단의 화분이 지속적으로 유입된 결과인 것으로 추론할 수 있다. 울릉도 내의 대양한 고유 자생식물의 기원을 규명하는 데 있어서 모계유전을 함으로 인해 종자의 이동을 추적할 수 있는 엽록체 DNA에 근거한 비교계통지리학적 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.
To elucidate the origin and patterns of establishment of insular plants on Ulleungdo Island, maternally inherited chloroplast DNA, which is useful for tracing seed movements, was used. Fagus multinervis, an endemic species that dominated broadleaf deciduous forests on Ulleungdo Island, is an excelle...
To elucidate the origin and patterns of establishment of insular plants on Ulleungdo Island, maternally inherited chloroplast DNA, which is useful for tracing seed movements, was used. Fagus multinervis, an endemic species that dominated broadleaf deciduous forests on Ulleungdo Island, is an excellent model for such a study. To understand the diversity and spatial distribution of the chloroplast haplotypes of F. multinervis, nucleotide sequences of the psbA-trnH region were determined from 144 individuals sampled throughout the island. Results of a phylogenetic analysis of the region with close relatives of F. multinervis suggest that F. multinervis is sister to a clade of F. japonica and F. engleriana. No haplotype variation was found within F. multinervis. This remarkably low cpDNA haplotype diversity is in contrast to the findings of previous allozyme studies of F. multinervis populations that showed high genetic diversity on Ulleungdo Island. Repeated colonization during the early stage of establishment via birds that migrated from a source area where the F. multinervis cpDNA haplotype was geographically structured may have resulted in the observed pattern of haplotype diversity. Alternatively, long-distance dispersal of seeds of the progenitor of F. multinervis via birds or typhoons to Ulleungdo may have been a single event, whereas the immigration of pollen from the mainland likely occurred frequently. Comparative phylogeographic studies of other species endemic to Ulleungdo Island and their close relatives on the neighboring mainland are necessary for a more complete understanding of the evolution of the island's native species.
To elucidate the origin and patterns of establishment of insular plants on Ulleungdo Island, maternally inherited chloroplast DNA, which is useful for tracing seed movements, was used. Fagus multinervis, an endemic species that dominated broadleaf deciduous forests on Ulleungdo Island, is an excellent model for such a study. To understand the diversity and spatial distribution of the chloroplast haplotypes of F. multinervis, nucleotide sequences of the psbA-trnH region were determined from 144 individuals sampled throughout the island. Results of a phylogenetic analysis of the region with close relatives of F. multinervis suggest that F. multinervis is sister to a clade of F. japonica and F. engleriana. No haplotype variation was found within F. multinervis. This remarkably low cpDNA haplotype diversity is in contrast to the findings of previous allozyme studies of F. multinervis populations that showed high genetic diversity on Ulleungdo Island. Repeated colonization during the early stage of establishment via birds that migrated from a source area where the F. multinervis cpDNA haplotype was geographically structured may have resulted in the observed pattern of haplotype diversity. Alternatively, long-distance dispersal of seeds of the progenitor of F. multinervis via birds or typhoons to Ulleungdo may have been a single event, whereas the immigration of pollen from the mainland likely occurred frequently. Comparative phylogeographic studies of other species endemic to Ulleungdo Island and their close relatives on the neighboring mainland are necessary for a more complete understanding of the evolution of the island's native species.
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대상 데이터
Collection locality and voucher information. All voucher specimens are deposited at Daejeon University Herbarium (TUT).
1). Eighty-five plants were sampled from the south-facing slope along the Seonginbong trail, and 26 plants were sampled from its north-facing slope. Nineteen samples were collected in Taeharyung and Namyang, representing the western subpopulation, and 14 in Baekwoondong, representing the eastern subpopulation.
Plant materials were sampled throughout Ulleungdo Island, as plants of F. multinervis dominate the deciduous forest. Leaves were collected from 144 fully mature trees in four subpopulations (Table 1; Fig.
The nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank (KT382182−KT382185). The final alignment resulted in 441 sites, including four scored indel characters (Fig. 2). There were eight variable sites, including four indels.
이론/모형
Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the maximum parsimony (MP) method. All characters were treated as unordered, and weighted equally in the MP analyses in PAUP* (Swofford, 2002).
성능/효과
In conclusion, the patterns of genetic diversity of F. multinervis that show a relatively high allozyme diversity with a very low chloroplast haplotype diversity may be explained by frequent seed dispersal from geographically structured progenitors on the mainland or by differences in the dispersal rates of seeds and pollen from source areas. Detailed comparative phylogeographic studies of other species endemic to Ulleungdo Island and their close relatives on the neighboring mainland will be necessary for a more complete understanding of the evolution of the island’s native species.
In this study, nucleotide sequences of the psbA-trnH region of the chloroplast genome from 144 individuals of F. multinervis were determined to elucidate the diversity and spatial distribution of chloroplast haplotypes in this species and to provide insight into the origin of the species.
Results of this study indicate that haplotype diversity in F. multinervis is very low in comparison with other species of Fagus. In F.
multinervis. This is probably the simplest explanation for the observed results, as frequent immigration of progenitors and their establishment on the island during the early stage of evolution of F. multinervis would have led to increased haplotype diversity. In addition, a low rate of molecular evolution may be associated with the low haplotype diversity.
후속연구
Detailed comparative phylogeographic studies of other species endemic to Ulleungdo Island and their close relatives on the neighboring mainland will be necessary for a more complete understanding of the evolution of the island’s native species.
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