[논문]바위채송화(돌나물과)집단의 유전적 구조: 유전자 이동과 물리적 장벽에 관한 통찰

정미윤; 정명기

doi:10.11110/kjpt.2016.46.4.361

바위채송화(돌나물과)집단의 유전적 구조: 유전자 이동과 물리적 장벽에 관한 통찰
Population genetic structure of Sedum polytrichoides (Crassulaceae): Insights into barriers to gene flow 원문보기

식물분류학회지 = Korean journal of plant taxonomy, v.46 no.4, 2016년, pp.361 - 370

정미윤 (경상대학교 생물학과및기초과학연구소) , (BioC-GReB, 바르셀로나식물원연구소) , 정명기 (경상대학교 생물학과및기초과학연구소)

초록
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한반도 남동부에 위치한 주왕산 국립공원과 그 인접산지는 식물 개체군의 유전자 이동에 대한 물리적 장벽의 영향을 시험하기 위한 훌륭한 모델 시스템이다. 우리는 식물종의 경우, 격리된 집단이 연속적인 분포를 보이는 집단보다 유전적인 분화 정도가 더 클 것으로 예측했다. 바위채송화 대부분의 집단은 4곳의 고립된 계곡에서 생육하며, 10개 집단에서 12 종류의 알로자임 유전좌위를 사용하여 유전적 다양성과 구조를 평가했다. 저자들은 이 연구와 기존 연구된 둥근잎꿩의비름(4곳 계곡에서 격리되어 생육)과 기린초(상대적으로 연속적으로 분포) 결과와 비교했다. 우리는 기린초 집단내 유전적 변이가 중간 수준임을 발견했다($H_e=0.112$). 바위채송화 집단간 분기 수준도 중간 수준($F_{ST}=0.250$)이었고 예상대로 둥근잎꿩의비름(0.261)과 유사했지만 기린초(0.165)보다 상당히 높았다. 분자분산분석(AMOVA) 결과 바위채송화와 둥근잎꿩의비름은 기린초(4%)보다 계곡간 변이(각각 19%) 비율이 높았다. STRUCTURE 프로그램 분석에 의하면 대부분의 이런 변이는 중간에 있는 두 계곡간의 유전적 조성 차이 때문이다. 저자들은 종간에 관찰된 분화 수준의 차이(즉, 기린초 대 바위채송화와 둥근잎꿩의비름)는 연구 지역 내의 그들의 분포 차이에 기인한다고 결론지었다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

An area comprising Juwangsan National Park and its adjacent mountains (southeastern Korean Peninsula) is a good model system for testing the effects of physical barriers to gene flows in plant populations. We predicted that plant species consisting of isolated populations are genetically more differentiated than those that are rather continuously distributed. Most populations of Sedum polytrichoides occur in four isolated valleys, and we assessed the genetic variability and structures using twelve allozyme loci in ten populations. We also compared the present results to earlier findings pertaining to the two co-occurring herbs Hylotelephium ussuriense (${\equiv}$ Sedum ussuriense) (growing only in the four isolated valleys) and S. kamtschaticum (rather continuously distributed). We found moderate levels of within-population genetic variation in S. polytrichoides ($H_{e}=0.112$). Estimates of among-population divergence in S. polytrichoides were also moderate ($F_{ST}=0.250$) and, as expected, very similar to that of H. ussuriense (0.261) but considerably higher than the variation in S. kamtschaticum (0.165). An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that S. polytrichoides and H. ussuriense had higher percentages of among-valley variation (19% each) than S. kamtschaticum (4%). Most of this variation, as also indicated by the STRUCTURE program, was due to differences in genetic profiles between the two central valleys. We concluded that the genetic differences observed between species (S. kamtschaticum vs. S. polytrichoides and H. ussuriense) are mainly due to differences in their distribution within the study area.

주제어

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제안 방법

kamtschaticum. To test these predictions, we used allozymes as genetic markers to estimate levels and structure of genetic diversity in JNP and its vicinity. If our predictions are supported, this study also would be a reference for emphasizing the importance of physical barriers for generating among-population genetic structure even at very small scales.

데이터처리

These differences (He − Heq calculated for a number of independent loci) were evaluated using a sign test and a Wilcoxon sign-rank test under an infinite allele model using the program BOTTLENECK (Piry et al., 1999).

이론/모형

Genetic structure among populations was assessed by means of the Bayesian algorithm implemented in STRUCTURE 2.3.4 (Pritchard et al., 2010). The program estimates the likelihood of the individuals being structured in a given number of genetic clusters (or genetic populations, K).
We determined the significance of multi-population F_ISand F_ST estimates by a permutation test (999 randomizations of alleles among individuals within samples and 999 randomizations of genotypes among populations, respectively). These calculations were also performed using FSTAT (Goudet, 1995).

성능/효과

polytrichoides were polymorphic [Table 2]. As a result, moderate levels of average within-population genetic variation were found (%P =37.5, AR =1.40, A = 1.43, and H_e = 0.112) [Table 1]. When the samples were pooled, we found higher levels of genetic variation owing to among-population genetic component [Table 1].
Results from STRUCTURE analysis for S. polytrichoides exhibit the existence of two roughly differentiated clusters: populations from the northern valleys (Juwang and Jeolgol valleys) on the one hand and those from the southern valleys (Okgye and Haok valleys) on the other hand (Fig. 2B). The same pattern (northern valleys vs.
The AMOVA reveals that barriers for gene flow, in contrast, seem not to be very strong between the two northern (i.e., Juwang and Jeolgol) valleys (except for S. polytrichoides, with a percent variation of up to 10%) and also between the two southern (Okgye and Haok) valleys [Table 3]. The lack of apparent barriers for gene flow between Okgye and Haok valleys for the three species is an expected result as the populations are relatively continuously distributed along two converging streams [Fig.
, 2014b). The authors found high and comparable levels of within-population genetic variation for the two species, although among-population difference was significantly higher in H. ussuriense than in S. kamtschaticum (F_ST = 0.261 vs. F_ST = 0.165). In addition, the former exhibited a much higher percentage of among-valley variation (19%) than the latter (4%).
001). The results of AMOVA revealed that variation among the four valleys was larger than that found among populations within individual valleys (19% vs. 9%)([Table 3]. A higher between region (i.
1], and multiple ravines and valleys, delineating a highly dissected terrain. The total lack of intervening populations for H. ussuriense (and almost total for S. polytrichoides) would have made these 8 km insurmountable for the natural dispersal of the two stonecrops, whereas the more or less continuous occurrence of S. kamtschaticum would have ensured a high degree of genetic cohesion.

후속연구

To test these predictions, we used allozymes as genetic markers to estimate levels and structure of genetic diversity in JNP and its vicinity. If our predictions are supported, this study also would be a reference for emphasizing the importance of physical barriers for generating among-population genetic structure even at very small scales.

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