Yang, Jae-Hun
(Center for Intelligent Nano-Bio Materials (CINBM), Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University)
,
Pei, Yi-Rong
(Center for Intelligent Nano-Bio Materials (CINBM), Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University)
,
Piao, Huiyan
(Center for Intelligent Nano-Bio Materials (CINBM), Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University)
,
Vinu, Ajayan
(Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia)
,
Choy, Jin-Ho
(Center for Intelligent Nano-Bio Materials (CINBM), Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University)
In this review, an attempt is made to calculate one-dimensional (1-D) electron density profiles from experimentally determined (00l) XRD intensities and possible structural models as well in an effort to understand the collective intracrystalline structures of intercalant molecules of two-dimensiona...
In this review, an attempt is made to calculate one-dimensional (1-D) electron density profiles from experimentally determined (00l) XRD intensities and possible structural models as well in an effort to understand the collective intracrystalline structures of intercalant molecules of two-dimensional (2-D) nanohybrids with heterostructures. 2-D ceramics, including layered metal oxides and clays, have received much attention due to their potential applicability as catalysts, electrodes, stabilizing agents, and drug delivery systems. 2-D nanohybrids based on such layered ceramics with various heterostructures have been realized through intercalation reactions. In general, the physico-chemical properties of such 2-D nanohybrids are strongly correlated with their heterostructures, but it is not easy to solve the crystal structures due to their low crystallinity and high anisotropic nature. However, the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis method is thought to be the most powerful means of understanding the interlayer structures of intercalant molecules. If a proper number of well-developed (00l) XRD peaks are available for such 2-D nanohybrids, the 1-D electron density along the crystallographic c-axis can be calculated via a Fourier transform analysis to obtain structural information about the orientations and arrangements of guest species in the interlayer space.
In this review, an attempt is made to calculate one-dimensional (1-D) electron density profiles from experimentally determined (00l) XRD intensities and possible structural models as well in an effort to understand the collective intracrystalline structures of intercalant molecules of two-dimensional (2-D) nanohybrids with heterostructures. 2-D ceramics, including layered metal oxides and clays, have received much attention due to their potential applicability as catalysts, electrodes, stabilizing agents, and drug delivery systems. 2-D nanohybrids based on such layered ceramics with various heterostructures have been realized through intercalation reactions. In general, the physico-chemical properties of such 2-D nanohybrids are strongly correlated with their heterostructures, but it is not easy to solve the crystal structures due to their low crystallinity and high anisotropic nature. However, the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis method is thought to be the most powerful means of understanding the interlayer structures of intercalant molecules. If a proper number of well-developed (00l) XRD peaks are available for such 2-D nanohybrids, the 1-D electron density along the crystallographic c-axis can be calculated via a Fourier transform analysis to obtain structural information about the orientations and arrangements of guest species in the interlayer space.
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문제 정의
In this review, X-ray characterizations of intercalative nanohybrids are highlighted with some examples of layered hosts, such as metal oxides, cationic clays and LDHs as reported thus far, on the basis of the powder X-ray diffraction method with the 1-D electron density mapping technique. In addition, an attempt is also made to discuss experimental results with theoretical principles in detail in order to assist with an understanding of the structure-property relationships of such intercalative nanohybrids.
제안 방법
For the flurbiprofen-LDH nanohybrid, flurbiprofen (FB), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was intercalated into Zn2Al-LDH as a new transdermal drug delivery system, and its 1-D electron density was calculated in order to understand the interlayer arrangement of FB drug molecules between the LDH layers. The integral intensities of six welldeveloped (00l) peaks were used for Fourier transformation, and the positions of Zn, Al, and OH in the LDH layer were obtained from the crystal structure of Zn2Al-CO3 LDH.
48) The interlayer structure of HgBr2 inbetween superconducting layers (Bi2212) was determined by the EXAFS fitting and XRD results. In order to confirm the reliability of this structure, 1-D electron density profiles along the c-axis obtained in two different ways were compared; one was calculated from the (00l) XRD peak intensities for the well-oriented HgBr2-intercalated Bi2212 single crystal, and the other was calculated from the structure factor based on the present structural model, including the atomic positions and their occupation characteristics. According to Fig.
이론/모형
In this review, X-ray characterizations of intercalative nanohybrids are highlighted with some examples of layered hosts, such as metal oxides, cationic clays and LDHs as reported thus far, on the basis of the powder X-ray diffraction method with the 1-D electron density mapping technique.
성능/효과
It was found that the rational structure of interlayer FB molecules was an interdigitated bilayer structure oriented with a tilting angle of ~21° by comparing the calculated and observed electron density profiles, those which were made on the basis of different interlayer orientation models with a tilting angle of the interdigitated bi-layer ranging from 0° to 31.6°.
후속연구
In this regard, the 1-D electron density mapping analysis is very useful tool to elucidate the interlayer structure in 2-D nanohybrids together with x-ray spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS), NMR and TEM analyses. We hope that some of the highlighted examples in this review will provide useful information to readers who are currently working on new 2-D nanohybrids based on ceramic lamellar materials such as inorganic/ceramic-, organic/ceramic- and bio/ceramic-2D nanohybrids with various heterostructures.
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