[논문]개인의 계획된 행위와 국가경제환경이 기업가정신에 미치는 영향 분석: OECD국가를 대상으로

한상연

doi:10.16972/apjbve.11.4.201608.149

개인의 계획된 행위와 국가경제환경이 기업가정신에 미치는 영향 분석: OECD국가를 대상으로
The Effect of Individual Characteristics and Economic Environment on Entrepreneurship 원문보기

벤처창업연구= Asia-Pacific journal of business and venturing, v.11 no.4, 2016년, pp.149 - 165

한상연 (대전대학교 국제통상학과)

초록
AI-Helper

본 연구는 기업가정신과 관련하여 개인이 갖는 창업 의지와 실제 창업 행위의 흐름을 '계획된 행위이론(Theory of Planned Behaviors, TPB)'에 기반하여 설정하였다. 그간의 연구들이 거시적 측면의 국가경제환경 변수를 단순히 통제변수나 창업활동에 미치는 영향 분석에만 활용하여온 한계를 극복하고자 본 연구에서는 개인이 속한 국가 경제환경 변수를 개인 특성변수와 동시에 고려하여 창업의도와 창업활동에 미치는 영향을 실증분석 하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 2005년에서 2014년 사이 10년 간 31개국 OECD국가들을 대상으로 국가별 GEM(Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) data와 OECD 통계자료를 결합한 불균형 패널을 구축하여 실증분석을 수행하였다. 특히, 개인이 발현하는 기업가정신의 최종 모습인 창업활동을 그간의 연구와는 차별적으로 창업활동의 질적 특성을 고려하여 초기창업활동을 생계형 창업활동과 개선 및 기회추구 창업활동으로 구분 확장하여 각각에 대한 영향을 분석하였다. 연구결과 개인특성변수 중 주관적 규범이 개인의 창업의도형성에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 창업활동에 대한 분석에서는 개인특성 변수 중 인지된 기회가 초기창업활동(TEA)과 개선 및 기회추구 창업활동에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 생계형 창업활동에는 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 국가별 경제환경 변수 중에서는 수요측면의 실질 GDP경제성장률은 생계형 창업활동에 긍정적 영향을 미친 반면, 공급측면의 실업률은 초기창업활동(TEA)과 개선 및 기회추구 창업활동에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 국민소득 수준(국민 1인당 GDP)은 초기창업활동(TEA)과 개선 및 기회추구 창업활동에 대해서는 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 생계형 창업활동에 대해서는 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나는 등 창업의 질적 수준에 따라 개인특성과 국가 경제환경변수가 차별적으로 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 기업가정신의 고취와 실제 창업을 촉진하기 위한 정책적 측면에서 개인의 특성과 경제환경적 특성을 모두 고려하는 종합적 수준의 정책이 기획 시행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The objectives of this study is to assess the influence of individual characteristics and economic environment on the entrepreneurship such as entrepreneurial Intention and behavior based on the theory of Planned behaviors. This study used a country-level merged data set composed of GEM(Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) data and the OECD Statistics data. And this used the fixed effect model to analyze the panel data of 31 OECD countries during the period from 2005 to 2014. Our findings show that subjective norm has a significantly positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. In individual characteristics, the perceived opportunities has a significantly positive effect on early-stage entrepreneurial activity(TEA) and improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurial activity. We identify the differences of between necessity-driven and improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurial activity. For example, the effect on necessity-driven entrepreneurial activity is significantly negative. We also find the differences of between necessity-driven and improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurial activity in economic environment variables. While real GDP growth as a demand variable has a significantly positive effect on necessity-driven entrepreneurial activity, unemployment rate as a supply variable has a significantly negative effect on early-stage entrepreneurial activity(TEA) and improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurial activity. And GDP per capita as a supply variable has a significantly positive effect on early-stage entrepreneurial activity(TEA) and improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurial activity. But the effect on necessity-driven entrepreneurial activity is significantly negative. We provide an interpretation of these empirical findings, emphasizing the importance of considering individual characteristics and economic environment simultaneously in promoting entrepreneurship.

주제어

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	주요국들이 기업가정신에기반한 창업지원정책을 수립하고 적극 시행하는 이유는?	즉, 기업가정신에 기반한 중소기업들의 활발한 창업활동이 경제성장과 높은 정(+)의 상관관계를 갖는다는 것이었다. 이와 관련하여 최근 주요국들은 ’08년 글로벌 경제위기 이후 지속되고 있는 경기침체 및 성장자체의 정체, 실업 등 고용문제 해결을 위하여 기업가정신에기반한 창업지원정책을 수립하고 이를 적극 시행하고 있다. 예컨대, 미국의 경쟁력강화법(A COMPETES Act, '07, '10),
	기업가정신이란?	예컨대 기업가정신은 새로운 아이디어를 통해 기업을 설립하고 이를 통해 고용을 창출하며 결론적으로 경제성장에 기여한다는 것이다(Hisrich & O'Cinneide, 1985). 1999년 영국 런던경영대학원, 미국 Babson College, Kauffman재단 연구소가 공동으로 조사한 글로벌 기업가정신 모니터링(Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring, GEM) 결과가 발표되면서 기업가정신에 기반한 창업활동이 경제성장에 중요한 역할을 한다는 가설이 주목을 받기 시작했다(이윤재, 2003).

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표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

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