Biological Potential of Bioorganic Fertilizer Fortified with Bacterial Antagonist for the Control of Tomato Bacterial Wilt and the Promotion of Crop Yields원문보기
Wu, Kai
(National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University)
,
Fang, Zhiying
(National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University)
,
Wang, Lili
(Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science)
,
Yuan, Saifei
(National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University)
,
Guo, Rong
(National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University)
,
Shen, Biao
(National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University)
,
Shen, Qirong
(National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University)
The application of Bacillus sp. in the biological control of plant soilborne diseases has been shown to be an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of chemical fungicides. In this study, the effects of bioorganic fertilizer (BOF) fortified with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQY 162 on the sup...
The application of Bacillus sp. in the biological control of plant soilborne diseases has been shown to be an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of chemical fungicides. In this study, the effects of bioorganic fertilizer (BOF) fortified with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQY 162 on the suppression of tomato bacterial wilt were investigated in pot experiments. The disease incidence of tomato wilt after the application of BOF was 65.18% and 41.62% lower at 10 and 20 days after transplantation, respectively, than in the control condition. BOF also promoted the plant growth. The SQY 162 populations efficiently colonized the tomato rhizosphere, which directly suppressed the number of Ralstonia solanacearum in the tomato rhizosphere soil. In the presence of BOF, the activities of defense-related enzymes in tomato were lower than in the presence of the control treatment, but the expression levels of the defense-related genes of the plants in the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways were enhanced. It was also found that strain SQY 162 could secrete antibiotic surfactin, but not volatile organic compounds, to suppress Ralstonia. The strain could also produce plant growth promotion compounds such as siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid. Thus, owing to its innate multiple-functional traits and its broad biocontrol activities, we found that this antagonistic strain isolated from the tobacco rhizosphere could establish itself successfully in the tomato rhizosphere to control soilborne diseases.
The application of Bacillus sp. in the biological control of plant soilborne diseases has been shown to be an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of chemical fungicides. In this study, the effects of bioorganic fertilizer (BOF) fortified with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQY 162 on the suppression of tomato bacterial wilt were investigated in pot experiments. The disease incidence of tomato wilt after the application of BOF was 65.18% and 41.62% lower at 10 and 20 days after transplantation, respectively, than in the control condition. BOF also promoted the plant growth. The SQY 162 populations efficiently colonized the tomato rhizosphere, which directly suppressed the number of Ralstonia solanacearum in the tomato rhizosphere soil. In the presence of BOF, the activities of defense-related enzymes in tomato were lower than in the presence of the control treatment, but the expression levels of the defense-related genes of the plants in the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways were enhanced. It was also found that strain SQY 162 could secrete antibiotic surfactin, but not volatile organic compounds, to suppress Ralstonia. The strain could also produce plant growth promotion compounds such as siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid. Thus, owing to its innate multiple-functional traits and its broad biocontrol activities, we found that this antagonistic strain isolated from the tobacco rhizosphere could establish itself successfully in the tomato rhizosphere to control soilborne diseases.
Based on the biocontrol efficacy of BOF on tomato bacterial wilt, the influence of BOF on the activities of tomato defense enzymes (SOD, CAT, and POD) and on the tomato MDA content were evaluated. The results showed that the SOD enzyme activity was 9.
Strain SQY 162 was previously found to effectively suppress tobacco bacterial wilt in the greenhouse and in the field [31]. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the potential biocontrol abilities of the strain towards tomato bacterial wilt, and (ii) to investigate its mode of action.
이론/모형
Production of siderophore by SQY 162 was determined according to the method of Alexander and Zuberer [3]. After incubation at 28℃ for 3 days, siderophore production was estimated by a change in the color from blue to orange.
qRT-PCR was performed with an ABI 7500 system under the following conditions: cDNA was denatured for 10 sec at 95oC, followed by 40 cycles of 5 sec at 95℃ and 34 sec at 60℃. The qRT-PCR data were analyzed according to the 2ˉΔΔCT method described by Livark and Schmittgen [20].
성능/효과
[30] indicated that the MDA content of leaves treated with BOF was lower than that of control leaves. In this study, application of BOF significantly induced the systemic resistance of tomato plants to inhibit the infection of pathogens, resulting in the lower activities of the defense enzymes and the lower MDA content in plants treated with BOF than in plants that received the control treatment.
32% lower after the application of BOF than after the control treatments (Table 1). The CAT activity was the lowest in BOF treatments among the three treatments, being 34.05% and 29.93% lower than the CAT activity observed in the control and OF treatments, respectively. The results also showed that the POD activity and MDA content in the BOF treatments were 53.
In summary, the antagonistic bacterium strain SQY 162 isolated from the tobacco rhizosphere was also able to effectively suppress tomato bacterial wilt in pot experiments, demonstrating strong colonization ability in the tomato rhizosphere and the ability to induce systemic resistance in tomato plants. The results also indicated that the SA and JA signaling pathways, but not the ET pathway, were induced with different patterns after the inoculation of BOF. It was also found that SQY 162 could not produce VOCs to suppress the pathogen but could produce surfactin to inhibit the growth of R.
93% lower than the CAT activity observed in the control and OF treatments, respectively. The results also showed that the POD activity and MDA content in the BOF treatments were 53.33% and 24.21% lower, respectively, than in the control treatments. However, the activities of the three enzymes in the OF treatments were equivalent to or slightly lower than those in the control treatments.
The transcription levels of GluA in the OF treatments were significantly lower than those in the control treatments. The results also showed that the application of both OF and BOF could increase the expression of Pin2, but not LoxA, in the jasmonic acid pathway (JA); the OF and BOF expressions levels were 8.47 and 7.84 times higher, respectively, than in the control treatments. Furthermore, there were few differences in the expression of LoxA among the three treatments.
When plants experience stress conditions such as injury, pathogen infection, or extreme temperatures, the activities of the plants’ defense enzymes generally increase [12]. The results of this study showed that the activities of enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and POD decreased in the presence of BOF significantly more than in the control condition because of the lower disease incidence. This result agrees with that of a previous study [5,27], which suggested that the activities of defense-related enzymes increased over time as the disease developed.
The results showed that SQY 162, isolated as an antagonist against the tobacco bacterial wilt pathogen, could also strongly inhibit the growth of the tomato bacterial wilt pathogen agent in vitro, indicating that SQY 162 has a broader spectrum in the control of plant soilborne diseases. In the pot experiment, the disease incidence of tomato bacterial wilt after the application of BOF fortified with SQY 162 was significantly lower than after the control or OF treatments.
Based on the biocontrol efficacy of BOF on tomato bacterial wilt, the influence of BOF on the activities of tomato defense enzymes (SOD, CAT, and POD) and on the tomato MDA content were evaluated. The results showed that the SOD enzyme activity was 9.32% lower after the application of BOF than after the control treatments (Table 1). The CAT activity was the lowest in BOF treatments among the three treatments, being 34.
The tomato biomass also increased in the presence of BOF. The study further revealed that strain SQY 162 was capable of producing siderophores and indolic compounds such as IAA, which could be one of the reasons for the plant growth promotion in the pot experiments.
Furthermore, the population density of R. solanacearum in SQY 162 treatment was higher than in the control treatment at all times, indicating that the VOCs of strain SQY 162 could increase the population density of the pathogen in soil to a certain extent.
후속연구
solanacearum. Further studies on the dominant mechanism involved in the biological control of R. solanacearum are needed.
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