Application Specific Messages(ASM)은 다수 선박들의 AIS사용으로 인한 통신 과부하 문제를 해결하기 위해 IMO, ITU, IALA와 같은 국제기구들에 의해 해상에서의 적용이 결정되었다. ASM을 이용한 통신은 기상 정보, 사고보고 및 항해 경고를 포함하여 해양에서 많은 양의 안전 관련 정보를 전송할 수 있다. 특히 ASM통신 시스템은 음성을 통한 선박 간, 선박과 육상 간(4S) VHF통신의 일부를 메시지로 전달이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 해상의 4S통신에서 중요도가 높은 문장을 표준통신메시지로 선정하여 ASM통신에 이용한다면, 정확하고 신속한 메시지의 송수신이 가능할 것이다. 표준통신메시지의 결정은 사용자의 의견이 적극적으로 반영되어야 하며, 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 57명의 항해사와 50명의 Vessel Traffic Service(VTS) 관제사를 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 설문의 결과를 분석하여 해상통신에서 사용빈도가 높은 53개의 표준통신메시지를 제시하였다. 제시된 표준통신메시지는 해상에서 사용되는 주요 문장들에 대한 실제적인 정보이며, ASM을 이용한 통신장비 및 인터페이스 개발을 위한 참고 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.
Application Specific Messages(ASM)은 다수 선박들의 AIS사용으로 인한 통신 과부하 문제를 해결하기 위해 IMO, ITU, IALA와 같은 국제기구들에 의해 해상에서의 적용이 결정되었다. ASM을 이용한 통신은 기상 정보, 사고보고 및 항해 경고를 포함하여 해양에서 많은 양의 안전 관련 정보를 전송할 수 있다. 특히 ASM통신 시스템은 음성을 통한 선박 간, 선박과 육상 간(4S) VHF통신의 일부를 메시지로 전달이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 해상의 4S통신에서 중요도가 높은 문장을 표준통신메시지로 선정하여 ASM통신에 이용한다면, 정확하고 신속한 메시지의 송수신이 가능할 것이다. 표준통신메시지의 결정은 사용자의 의견이 적극적으로 반영되어야 하며, 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 57명의 항해사와 50명의 Vessel Traffic Service(VTS) 관제사를 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 설문의 결과를 분석하여 해상통신에서 사용빈도가 높은 53개의 표준통신메시지를 제시하였다. 제시된 표준통신메시지는 해상에서 사용되는 주요 문장들에 대한 실제적인 정보이며, ASM을 이용한 통신장비 및 인터페이스 개발을 위한 참고 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.
Application Specific Messages (ASM) have been introduced by a number of international bodies, such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA), for the purpose of resolving AIS ov...
Application Specific Messages (ASM) have been introduced by a number of international bodies, such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA), for the purpose of resolving AIS overloading issues caused by an increasing number of ships using AIS systems. ASM communication will transmit a large amount of safety-related information at sea, including meteorological information, accident reporting, and navigational warnings. Specifically, this message transaction system is expected to be actively used for communication among ships and for ship-to-shore (4S), where VHF communication through voice was standard. In order to design a user-oriented service through standardised AIS-ASM messaging in the future, the need for analysis of this seems to be quite critical. In order to reflect users' AIS-ASM communication needs, therefore, frequently-occurring marine communication messages were analysed through a questionnaire survey conducted on 57 marine officers and 50 VTS operators. Based on the survey results, a list of key standardised messages was suggested as a reference for future AIS message development.
Application Specific Messages (ASM) have been introduced by a number of international bodies, such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA), for the purpose of resolving AIS overloading issues caused by an increasing number of ships using AIS systems. ASM communication will transmit a large amount of safety-related information at sea, including meteorological information, accident reporting, and navigational warnings. Specifically, this message transaction system is expected to be actively used for communication among ships and for ship-to-shore (4S), where VHF communication through voice was standard. In order to design a user-oriented service through standardised AIS-ASM messaging in the future, the need for analysis of this seems to be quite critical. In order to reflect users' AIS-ASM communication needs, therefore, frequently-occurring marine communication messages were analysed through a questionnaire survey conducted on 57 marine officers and 50 VTS operators. Based on the survey results, a list of key standardised messages was suggested as a reference for future AIS message development.
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제안 방법
Based on the 300 phrases reorganized through the workshop, the collection of expert opinions and research were once again conducted to finalize the phrases to be included in the questionnaire. The final appropriateness in the AIS-ASM message design was judged by thoroughly checking each of the selected example sentences.
In this paper, therefore, with an aim of suggesting AIS-ASM messages on the basis of international guidelines and domestic users’ needs, an extensive survey of marine communication phrase data was first conducted. Following this, the collected data and relevant marine communication phrases were reviewed by specialist panels through a series of workshops and meetings to narrow the target phrases to a manageable number for the questionnaire survey. Next, the questionnaire survey targeting 57 deck officers and 50 VTS operations was conducted in order to encompass the diverse views of different parties.
A workshop for establishing the standard phrases was held. Four navigators, three VTS supervisors, and two language specialists conducted a meeting to design a questionnaire based on their actual VHF communication experiences. In this meeting, the category of the entire database was redesigned in such a way that users can instinctively find what they want, when they need, either on navigations or VTS, and transmit this information rapidly to other interlocutors.
In addition, detailed discussions on the 500 updated phrases were made in order to judge their suitability as an AIS-ASM message. Expert panels made the following suggestions: additional phrases for passage between ships are required; navigation safety information regarding special types of ships such as a tugboat or a deep draught vessel should be added; messages indicating the AIS malfunction should be added; transmitting information on pilotage should be detailed; and phrases expressing urgency and emergency during navigation should be excluded.
In this paper, therefore, with an aim of suggesting AIS-ASM messages on the basis of international guidelines and domestic users’ needs, an extensive survey of marine communication phrase data was first conducted.
Following this, the collected data and relevant marine communication phrases were reviewed by specialist panels through a series of workshops and meetings to narrow the target phrases to a manageable number for the questionnaire survey. Next, the questionnaire survey targeting 57 deck officers and 50 VTS operations was conducted in order to encompass the diverse views of different parties. Finally, the data was analysed and suggestions for future AIS-ASM messages were made.
Prior to beginning the questionnaire analysis, the composition of all questionnaire items were looked into based on the seven categories, which were established after five stages of expert meetings, workshops, and consultations. In this process, the 109 final phrases were confirmed out of an original total of 2,000.
, 2016). The final questionnaire was completed in a total of five stages (Fig. 1) of meetings of and consultations with VHF communication experts.
The questionnaire was designed using the Likert Scale, allowing respondents to check the following five-point scales: 'Very High', 'High', 'So so', 'Low', 'Very Low', according to the frequency of the phrases.
With the aim of establishing AIS-ASM messages, users' perception of the frequency of VHF communication was analysed through a questionnaire survey targeting navigating officers and VTS operators.
대상 데이터
Last but not least, the language design minimizing ambiguity in words and creating listener-friendly message structures were discussed to ensure that the receiver could immediately understand the selected phrases; this was reflected on the questionnaire. Through the redesign of the phrases, 300 key messages were selected within a total of seven categories.
후속연구
In this sense, the message exchanges through AIS-ASM should focus more on general routine communication than emergency situations. Finally, in order to make this list more practical and applicable to real communicative situations at sea, the usability needs to be tested, and its practicality should also be thoroughly reviewed for its ability to enhance both safe and efficient communication at sea.
참고문헌 (7)
Ahn, Y. J, S. H. Choi and M. Jung(2016), Study on the Development of Standard Phrases for Onboard AIS-ASM Service, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Presented at 2016 Spring Conference, p. 30.
Ahn, Y. J, S. Y. Kang and Y. S. Lee(2015), Study on the Development of Text Communication System based on AIS and ECDIS for Safe Navigation, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 403-408.
IALA(2013), International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities, Harmonized Implementation of Application-Specific Messages (ASMs), IALA Guideline No. 1095.
IMO(2010), International Maritime Organization, Guidance on the use of AIS Application Specific Messages, IMO Circ. 289.
IMO(2005), International Maritime Organization, International Code of Signals (ICS).
IMO(2002), International Maritime Organization, Standard Maritime Communication Phrases (SMCP).
Trenkner, P. and V. Sevcenko(2017), The IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases and AIS Language Requirements, available at http://www.imla.co/imec/AISLan-guage.pdf.
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